Wehrmacht locomotive WR 360 C 14
| WR 360 C 14 | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Numbering: |
DR : V 36 DB : 236 DR : 103 ÖBB : 2065 FS : D 236 ČSD : T 334.0 SNCF : Y 50100 |
| Number: | 279 |
| Manufacturer: | O&K , BMAG , Deutz , Jung , Henschel , DWK , Krupp , Holmag , MAK |
| Year of construction (s): | 1937-1950 |
| Retirement: | DB: until 1981 DR: until 1985 FS: until 1971 ČSD: 1957 SNCF: 1971–1973 |
| Axis formula : | C. |
| Length over buffers: | 9200 mm |
| Service mass: | 39 to 43 t |
| Top speed: | 30 / 55-60 km / h |
| Installed capacity: | 265 kW / 360 PS |
| Starting tractive effort: | 127 to 140 kN |
| Driving wheel diameter: | 1100 mm |
| Motor type: | 1 6-cylinder diesel in - line engine with 98 l displacement |
| Power transmission: | hydraulic |
| Tank capacity: | 1500 l |
| Locomotive brake: | Air brake |
The Wehrmacht diesel locomotives of the WR 360 C 14 emerged in the late 1930s as shunting locomotives for the German Wehrmacht . The type designation designates a W ehrmachtlokomotive for R egelspur with 360 hp, Achsfolge C (three coupled driving axles ) and an axle load of about 14 tonnes.
history
The locomotives were built for Wehrmacht locations at risk of explosion ( refineries , tank farms and ammunition depots ), but also for ports , airfields and the like, where steam locomotives would have given away their locations with their steam and smoke. An example of this was the Army Research Center in Peenemunde on the Baltic island of Usedom , where the WR 360 C 14 between Zinnowitz and Peenemuende and against trains in passenger transport were used. The war diesel locomotives were used throughout Europe and - especially in the case of the four-axle variant - also in North Africa during the Second World War . A newsreel report from that time shows the unloading of a WR 550 D 14 in a North African port.
The power transmission from the diesel engine (which, like the locomotives, was built by various manufacturers) to the wheels was carried out via a hydraulic multi-stage gearbox from Voith , a jackshaft and connecting rods . When the Federal Railroad locomotives with a six-cylinder in-line four-stroke diesel engine of the type MWM 235 S RHS equipped with the 103 l capacity 360 hp (265 kW) at 600 min -1 made. The vehicles equipped with this engine were designated as the V36.1 series. The Reichsbahn used VEB SKL engines of type 6 NVD 36 , a six-cylinder normal-stroke four-stroke diesel engine with 97.7 l displacement and an output of 428 hp (315 kW) at 500 min −1 .
The WR 360 C 14 was developed parallel to the WR 200 B 12 and WR 200 B 14 , the later DB series V 20. The WR 360 C 14 was also developed further. During the war, three WR 550 D 14s were built , a stronger, four-axle design. Two of these locomotives were used together with an R 360 C 14 in Haifa after the war, one of the locomotives is preserved in a museum as part of an armored train in Warsaw . Some of their two- and three-axle sister locomotives have survived. From 1938 to 1944 also emerged 20 locomotives with mechanical power transmission, which as a series DWK 360 C were designated and after the Second World War in the DR-Ost as V36 050-053 and in the DB as a V36 301, 311-315 and 317-318 were classified.
After the war, both the Deutsche Bundesbahn (DB) and the Deutsche Reichsbahn (DR) classified diesel locomotives of this type as class V 36 . The locomotives temporarily ran under other names at the DR, e.g. B. V 10. On the Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB), the locomotives that remained in Austria were classified under the 2065 series . In the new German numbering plans, the machines at the DB had the series designation 236 from 1968 , and the series designation 103 for the DR from 1970 .
The V 36.1, .2 and .4 were even in Wendezugdienst used before and after passenger trains. The so-called "indirect push-pull train control of the standard design" was used. That is, when pushed train (because of the lack of train heating of V 36 mostly four-axis control - and sidecar of diesel railcars , as well as platform wagons type " blunderbuss ") who was an engine driver in the control car as the locomotive, which is usually the stem was on the train, was manned by a "mechanical engineer". The transmission of the driving commands (the brake was operated by the engine driver) took place via a bell line and a kind of "machine telegraph". Between 1955 and 1959, seven locomotives also received an electropneumatic control system that could be operated by one person. For these missions, some V 36s underwent a major renovation: Because driving with the (quite high) front end was always a bit problematic and prevented one-man operation, a pulpit was placed on the driver's cab . The engine driver then stood at the driver's desk in much the same way as the captain of a barge when driving under a low bridge. There were experimental and standard pulpits. The V 36 238 received a completely new high-cab.
After the delivery of stronger locomotives, especially the V 60 series , the V 36 migrated to the light shunting service, to the work train - and to the workshop service. In the 1970s they were retired from the Deutsche Bundesbahn and in the 1980s from the Deutsche Reichsbahn in the GDR .
Whereabouts
Many of these locomotives stayed in Germany after the war . A few unique pieces were also found in Austria , Italy , France , Hungary , Czechoslovakia and the Benelux countries. In the case of the later DB, the WR 360 C 14 , which were still worth refurbishing, were combined in the sub-series V 36.0 , V 36.1 , V 36.2 and V 36.3 . In 1955 the DB had 93 locomotives of this series. While the former had a diesel-hydraulic transmission and an end driver's cab with a long, high front end, the V 36.3 had a diesel-mechanical power transmission. In addition, the dimensions of the V 36.3 differed from the others and corresponded to a DWK -Werks-Type. V36 310 also had a central driver's cab and, like V36 301, was used as a traction vehicle for a rail grinding train. However, these locomotives were soon taken out of service, especially after the DB had ordered another replica series as V 36 401 to 418 from MaK in 1950 .
Quite a few V 36s have been preserved, be it with the DB and the DR themselves as historical locomotives, with private railways in Germany and abroad or with museum railways . The Verkehrsbetriebe Grafschaft Hoya (VGH) in northern Germany was a "V-36 paradise" until the 1990s, and V 36 005 (VGH number, formerly DB V 36 237), owned by the Deutsche Eisenbahn-Verein , is still there today (DEV) is their service for special trips or as a reserve locomotive. The V 36 102 comes from the Heeresmunitionsanstalt Feucht . In the DR, they were used in shunting and light freight traffic, for which the Wehrmacht had intended them. The DR machines were mainly used in the Wismar oil port and to operate fuel depots for the Red Army , because at that time the V 36 was the only locomotive series on the Deutsche Reichsbahn that had an explosion protection device. Some of the locomotives had to be repowered due to a lack of spare parts.
A pre-series copy is in the Technik-Museum Speyer . The locomotive was manufactured by Schwartzkopff (BMAG) for the Wehrmacht in 1938 and finally sold in 1962 by the Steinhuder Meer-Bahn with the number 271 to the city of Frankfurt. The vehicle was used by Stadtwerke Frankfurt with the number 2018. The locomotive is equipped with a pantograph to control signals on a line of the former Frankfurt Local Railway . The locomotive was parked in 1980 because of a crack in the engine block and handed over to the Frankfurt Historical Railway .
- The DR took over V 36 027 in 1983 in its portfolio of traditional vehicles. At that time it had the company number 103 027-9. In 1992 it was renamed 388 365-9. With this number it was added to the DB inventory in 1994 and retired in 2001. It then went to the Mecklenburgische Eisenbahnfreunde Schwerin e. V. , where it got its old number V 36 027 again.
- V 36 032 is in the Weimar Railway Museum .
- V 36 102 is in the Railway Museum Darmstadt-Kranichstein is well-kept and can be rolled.
- V 36 107 is in the DB Museum Koblenz
- V 36 108 is in the DB Museum Nuremberg
- V 36 123 and V 36 235 are located at the Dampfbahn Fränkische Schweiz e. V.
- V 36 127 is operational in the Neustadt Railway Museum (Weinstrasse)
- V 36 204 has belonged to the Blumberg railway company since 2014 and is used on the Wutachtalbahn .
- V 36 211 and V 36 224 are in the Bavarian Railway Museum in Nördlingen. Both are inoperable.
- V 36 231 is in the Bochum-Dahlhausen Railway Museum .
- V 36 237 is in DEV's inventory under its VGH number "V 36 005" .
- V 36 316 is in good condition, but not operational, in the Dieringhausen Railway Museum .
- V 36 401 is in the Darmstadt-Kranichstein Railway Museum, in preparation.
- V 36 405 is now owned by the Historischen Eisenbahn Frankfurt , it is not operational.
- V 36 406 is also owned by the Historischen Eisenbahn Frankfurt , it is operational.
- V 36 411 is located in the Darmstadt-Kranichstein Railway Museum.
- V 36 412 is owned by the Förderverein Eisenbahn-Tradition association and is operationally stationed in the Lengerich depot of the Teutoburg Forest Railway .
A locomotive with the O&K factory number 21114 from 1938 came to Wintershall in their Heringen potash plant as a works locomotive after the end of the Second World War . It never drove on the DB, but was used as a work locomotive in Heringen (Werra) until 1988 and after it was put out of service, it got to railroad friends. After several stops, she finally came to the Historische Eisenbahn Mannheim eV , which sold her to a private person in 2018. The locomotive, named "V 36 240" based on the DB numbering scheme, remains in Mannheim.
A machine, which was built by BMAG in 1942 with the works number 11458 and classified as Wifo 31, came via the British Rhine Army in 1969 to the share sugar factory Wetterau as locomotive 1 and in 1990 as locomotive 2 to the Eisenbahnfreunde Wetterau , where it is in service in the museum train service . It received explosion protection for its first place of use and was never on the Deutsche Bundesbahn, so it was never referred to as "V 36" and is largely in its original condition. Your number in the German vehicle settings register is 98 80 0236 299-0 D-EBEFW.
The three machines of the ÖBB series 2065 were taken out of service in 1961 (2065.03) and 1968 (2065.01 and 02). In the early 1960s, 2065.01 ran trains on the Kaltenleutgebner Bahn in the south of Vienna, was then sold to GKB , modernized and in service until 1991. None of the three locomotives have survived.
A locomotive was also preserved in Czechoslovakia : BMAG 12031, Wirtschaftliche Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Berlin Locomotive 39, was designated as ČSD T 334.004 and was retired in 1957. After its retirement, the locomotive was sold to a factory in Roudnice nad Labem and was in service there until 1983. Today it - externally restored - belongs to the inventory of the Railway Museum Lužná u Rakovníka .
Successor types
When the construction of rail vehicles started up again in Germany after the Second World War , many manufacturers of the V 36 built very similar locomotives for private and industrial railways, e.g. As the Krauss-Maffei ML 440 C . The class V 60 D was derived from this locomotive in rail vehicle construction in the GDR . Numerous locomotives from various manufacturers of these types have also survived, and a few are still used today on industrial railways.
literature
- Stefan Lauscher: The diesel locomotives of the Wehrmacht. The history of the series V 20, V 36 and V 188. EK-Verlag, Freiburg 2006, ISBN 3-88255-236-0
- Rolf Löttgers: The diesel locomotives of the series V 20 and V 36. Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1986, ISBN 3-440-05673-2
- Regulation D 1151/3, diesel locomotive 360 hp WR 360 C 14 and 14 K. 1941
- Rolf Löttgers: The diesel locomotives of the series V 20 and V 36. Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1986, ISBN 3-440-05673-2
- Markus Inderst : ÖBB series 2065: the model . In: Modellbahnwelt . No. 3 , 2019, p. 18-24 .
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.bahnwelt.de/1/v36-401
- ↑ Technical data V36.1 (DB 236 107-9)
- ↑ V36.de
- ↑ Where the WR 550 D 14 is located
- ↑ Merkbuch for the rail vehicles of the Deutsche Bundesbahn DV 939, part III, internal combustion engines . 1952, p. 78-79 .
- ↑ Walter Söhnlein, Jürgen Leindecker: The Frankfurter Lokalbahn and their electric Taunus-Bahnen. , GeraMond, Munich 2000, ISBN 3-932785-04-5 , p. 145
- ↑ Portrait O&K 21114. In: rangierdiesel.de. Retrieved September 3, 2019 .
- ^ Railroad. ISSN 0013-2756 ZDB -ID 162227-4 . Born in 1966, issue 12, p. 273.
- ↑ https://www.rangierdiesel.de/index.php?view=fahrzeuge&object=CSD&nav=1406157&lang=1&action=results
- ↑ https://www.rangierdiesel.de/index.php?view=fahrzeuge&object=CSD&nav=1406157&lang=1&action=results