Willanzheim (Willanzheim)
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Willanzheim
Willanzheim market
Coordinates: 49 ° 40 ′ 49 ″ N , 10 ° 13 ′ 51 ″ E
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| Height : | 260 m |
| Residents : | 663 (1987) |
| Postal code : | 97348 |
| Area code : | 09323 |
 Location of Willanzheim (bold) in the municipality of Willanzheim
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Willanzheim is the main town of the Willanzheim market in the Lower Franconian district of Kitzingen .
Geographical location
Willanzheim is in the north of the political municipality. Further north begins the area of the city of Mainbernheim , with which the place is connected via the state road 2419. The town of Iphofen is to the northeast and east , the Knaufwerke area is closest to Willanzheim. Some distance away is Markt Einersheim in the east, Mönchsondheim in the southeast , and the Willanzheim district of Markt Herrnsheim in the south . The community of Seinsheim begins to the southwest with Tiefenstockheim . In the extreme west of the district, the Willanzheim area joins that of the Marktsteft community with the Michelfeld district .
The Breitbach flows from the east through the Willanzheimer district with several mills, whereby the Domherrnmühle is the last in the Iphofen area. The willow mill, the cone mill immediately south of the built-up area, the bridge mill and the Hagen mill further down the stream belong to Willanzheim. In the 19th century, all mills were still part of the municipality. This also included two brickworks (Helm'sche and Rahner'sche brickworks).
In terms of its natural surroundings, Willanzheim is in the Mainbernheim plain of the Steigerwald foreland with its gently rolling Lettenkeuper heights . Several natural monuments , especially important old trees and groups of trees, have been preserved in the village .
history
The place name Willanzheim refers to a settlement by the Franconian colonizers at the beginning of the 6th century. The prefix Willanz goes back to the Franconian first name Wieland. So the place was the home of a Wieland. Willanzheim differed from the places in its vicinity early on because a Franconian-royal court or even a royal court was settled here. The place was first mentioned as Uueolendishaim in 741, when the Carolingians equipped the newly founded diocese of Würzburg with several churches.
With a donation by the local aristocrat Gerung von Wielandesheim to the cathedral monastery of Würzburg in 1137, the village is again accessible in the sources. At that time the local castle came to Würzburg, which in turn gave the donation to smaller noble families as a fief . This is how the Counts of Castell came to the Bailiwick of the village in 1315 . However, they also gave fiefs, so that the manor in Willanzheim was soon severely fragmented.
Under Emperor Charles IV , who wanted to create a land route between his possessions in Bohemia and Luxembourg, the rulership of the village split even further in the 14th century. At this time there were two fortified structures around the site ( tower hill and Willanzheim castle stalls). In the 15th century, the Knights von Heidingsfeld , the Fuchsen von Dornheim and the Wenkheim owned fiefdoms on site. Eventually the Wenkheim managed to unite the majority of the fiefdoms, and a noble seat was given up again.
It was not until 1628 that the powerful Würzburg monastery was able to acquire the bailiwick and village rule over Willanzheim. Until the secularization, the residents were now under the prince-bishop of Würzburg. Then the place became part of the electorate, later the Kingdom of Bavaria. In the last days of the Second World War , the village was bombed by American troops and the church was largely destroyed. Willanzheim has been the capital of the market town of Willanzheim since 1978.
Culture and sights
Soil and architectural monuments
The so-called "Pfaffenburg" near Willanzheim is listed as a ground monument . It is a quadrangular hill from the Latène period , which offered the local population a place of retreat in prehistoric times. The side length of the plant is 110 m. The walls are 5 m wide.
Several architectural monuments have been preserved in Willanzheim. The center of the village is still the Martinskirche , which was part of the basic equipment of the Würzburg diocese as early as the 8th century. The octagonal top floor of the tower and the Welsche Dome with a lantern are particularly striking . Inside, modern renovations after the Second World War and its destruction characterize the church. The oldest piece of equipment is the pulpit from around 1800.
A well-preserved fortified church still exists around the church . As early as 1303, a walling with Gadenhäuschen protected the church and also offered the community protection in times of need. Today you enter the fortified church via a passage on the so-called Rathausgade, in which the municipal administration of Willanzheim is housed. The walls are also impressive, some of which are still equipped with the typical slotted windows in the south .
Two field chapels, which were built on the outskirts of Willanzheim, date from the 18th and 19th centuries. In addition, several wayside shrines and other small monuments have been preserved, which testify to the popular piety of past centuries and are typical of a Catholic, Franconian village. A wayside shrine from 1501, which was set up near the tenon mill, is particularly impressive.
Say
The so-called Greutholz between Iphofen and Willanzheim has a few legends as their theme. It was said that there was a haunted man walking around who was supposed to shout “hu hu”. Likewise, a woman is said to have been seen there shaking her white linen and hanging it on a tree. During the Advent season and around Easter , people were often misled in the forest and didn't come back to Willanzheim until the next morning.
A butcher woman from Kitzingen is said to have been banished to the forest after her death. She had put her thumb on the scales when weighing meat, which is why she kept shouting as a haunted : "Three quarters and a Damma it aa pound !" In addition, an old monastery was suspected in the forest, which is said to have been destroyed in the Huns War. This legend probably alludes to an old fortification that is located there.
Viticulture
Today Willanzheim is a wine-growing area in the Franconian wine-growing region . However, the location around the village has no name of its own. Willanzheim is part of the Weinparadies area, until 2017 the winemakers were grouped together in the Steigerwald area. The gypsum keuper soils around Willanzheim are also suitable for growing wine, as is the location in the Maingau climate zone, which is one of the warmest in Germany.
The people around Willanzheim have been viticulture since the early Middle Ages . The Franconian settlers probably brought the vine to the Main in the 7th century. Viticulture experienced a major decline after secularization at the beginning of the 19th century. Above all, locations with less favorable climatic conditions were completely abandoned. In addition, the emergence of pests such as phylloxera made cultivation difficult . The Franconian wine-growing region was not able to consolidate again until the second half of the 20th century. The use of fertilizers and improved cultivation methods had contributed to this, as had the organization in cooperatives and the land consolidation of the 1970s. Only since the 2000s has viticulture been practiced in Willanzheim again to a limited extent.
| Vineyard | Size 1993 | Compass direction | Slope | Main grape varieties | Great location |
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| nameless | not clear | south | not clear | not clear | Iphöfer Burgweg |
Personalities
- Leonhard Rosen († 1591), Abbot of Ebrach Monastery (1563–1591)
- Philipp Joseph Frick (also Frike, 1742–1798), court organist in Baden-Baden, music theorist
- Meinrad Sprenke (born Georg Joseph Stephan Anton, 1755–1837), Capuchin, theological writer
- Anton Franz Jaeger (1788-1851), colonel and commander of the 14th Infantry Regiment
- Michael Störcher (1817–1888), pastor and painter
literature
- Hans Ambrosi, Bernhard Breuer: German Vinothek: Franconia. Guide to the vineyards, winegrowers and their kitchens . Herford 2 1993.
- Hans Bauer: District of Kitzingen. An art and culture guide . Market wide 1993.
- Johann Ludwig Klarmann: The Steigerwald in the past. A contribution to Franconian cultural studies . Gerolzhofen 2 1909.
- Johann Ludwig Klarmann, Karl Spiegel: Legends and sketches from the Steigerwald. Reprint of the 1912 edition . Neustadt an der Aisch 1982.
- Sebastian Zeißner: Contributions to the history of Main Franconian castles . In: Mainfränkisches Jahrbuch für Geschichte und Kunst Vol. 6. (= Archive of the Historical Association for Lower Franconia and Aschaffenburg Vol. 77) . Volkach 1954. pp. 231-235.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Bavarian State Office for Statistics and Data Processing (Ed.): Official local directory for Bavaria, territorial status: May 25, 1987 . Issue 450 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich November 1991, DNB 94240937X , p. 364 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Localities directory of the Kingdom of Bavaria. According to government districts, administrative districts, ... then with an alphabetical register of locations, including the property and the responsible administrative district for each location. LIV. Issue of the contributions to the statistics of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Munich 1888, Section III, Sp. 1261 ( digitized version ).
- ^ Bauer, Hans: District of Kitzingen . P. 118.
- ↑ Count Castell culture trail: Willanzheim , accessed on June 28, 2019.
- ↑ Zeißner, Sebastian: Posts main Frankish castles to history . P. 126.
- ↑ Klarmann, Johann Ludwig (among others): Legends and sketches from the Steigerwald . P. 261.
- ^ Ambrosi, Hans (among others): German Vinothek: Franconia . Pp. 50-52.
- ^ Government of Lower Franconia: Vineyards in Bavaria broken down by area , PDF file, accessed on May 16, 2019.
- ^ Ambrosi, Hans (among others): German Vinothek: Franconia . P. 237.
- ↑ Klarmann, Johann Ludwig: The Steigerwald in the past . P. 216.
