Winterhalder (family of sculptors)

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The Winterhalder were a family of sculptors who worked first in the Black Forest , then in the wider Upper Rhine region, and finally also in Moravia in what is now the Czech Republic, in Austria and Hungary. It flourished from the mid-16th to the early 19th centuries. One of its members, Josef Winterhalder the Younger , worked exclusively as a draftsman and painter. The side of the valley facing away from the sun was called "Winterhalde" and its inhabitants "Winterhalder" - just like the sunny side residents "Spiegelhalder".

“Kalte Herberge” inn, Urach
Coat of arms of the Winterhalder in the inn "Kalte Herberge"

Research history

Until the early 20th century, the family was hardly noticed, with the exception of the two emigrants to Moravia, Josef Winterhalder the elder , who was in the Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie from 1898 and the Biographical Lexicon of the Kaiserthums Oesterreich from 1889, and Josef Winterhalder the younger , who was in the latter appears. It wasn't until the mid-1930s that the whole family received more attention. In 1947, the “General Lexicon of Fine Artists from Antiquity to the Present” ( Thieme-Becker ) dealt in articles by the art historians Edmund Wilhelm Braun and Lore Noack-Heuck with the two Josefs as well as Bartholomaeus Winterhalder , Adam Winterhalder , Anton Winterhalder and Johann Michael Winterhalder . More recently, the local historian Bernhard Kleiser (* 1925) from Vöhrenbach, the art historians Hermann Brommer and Manfred Hermann, the members of the Black Forest family, and the art historian Lubomír Slaviček, the members of the family who emigrated to Moravia have researched.

First generation

Family tree of the sculptors Winterhalder and their connection to the Hauser family of sculptors (with places of death)

Second generation

Third generation

  • Philipp Winterhalder (* 1667 in Kirchzarten, † 1727 in Gengenbach in the Ortenaukreis ), son of Johann Conrad. He learned from his stepbrother Franz Hauser (Hauser III) in Kirchzarten and then worked in Alsace and later in Gengenbach.
  • Clemens Winterhalder (* 1668 in Kirchzarten, † after 1696 in an unknown location). Brother of the aforementioned. After working together with Philipp in Alsace , his traces are lost.
  • Anton Winterhalder (* 1699 in Vöhrenbach, † 1758 in Olomouc in Moravia), son of Adam. Like his brothers later (see below), after his apprenticeship with his father, he emigrated to Moravia via Vienna and worked with them in the Premonstratensian monastery in Hradisch and the pilgrimage church of the Visitation of the Virgin Mary and Residenz Heiligenberg near Olomouc. He is considered to be less artistically gifted than his brothers. After Thieme-Becker, the third generation of Anton Winterhalder remained childless. Reports that he had two sons, Josef (* 1741) and Michael (* 1745), who became painters, are probably wrong.
  • Josef Winterhalder the Elder (Josef Winterhalder I; * 1702 in Vöhrenbach, † 1769 in Vienna), brother of the aforementioned. Like him, after his apprenticeship, he went to Moravia via Vienna. He attended the art academy in Vienna from 1726 to 1728 . He also trained as a draftsman, but mainly worked as a sculptor. What the brothers in the Hradisch monastery and in Heiligenberg have created is mainly due to him. In his last works, especially in Brno , he moved from baroque to rococo . He died single in Vienna, where he had spent the last years of his life.
  • Johann Michael Winterhalder (* 1706 in Vöhrenbach, † 1759 ibid), brother of the two aforementioned. Like Josef, he attended the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts on the hike, from 1731 to 1732. From Moravia, where he had worked with the brothers, he returned to Vöhrenbach, unlike them, and took over his father's workshop. He was the same age and probably friends with Matthias Faller , but differed from his rococo style.

Fourth generation

  • Clemens Winterhalder (* 1712 in Gengenbach), son of Philipp. He became a sculptor, but nothing is known about his work or fate.
  • Josef Winterhalder the Younger (Josef Winterhalder II; * 1743 in Vöhrenbach, † 1807 in Znaim ), son of Johann Michael. Initially an apprentice to his father, after his mother died 1/49, he moved in 1753 with his brother Anton and his sister Theresia to his uncle Josef Winterhalder the elder in Znojmo or Olmütz , who adopted the children.
  • Anton Winterhalder (* 1745 in Vöhrenbach, † 1805 ibid), brother of the aforementioned. Like his brother, after his apprenticeship with his father, he was adopted by uncle Josef Winterhalder the elder in Znojmo or Olomouc. He worked in Bohemia, Moravia and Austria, but returned to Vöhrenbach in 1776 and took over his father's workshop. The literature says nothing more about his work.

More generations

  • Johann Nepomuk Winterhalder (* 1779 in Vöhrenbach, † 1830 there), son of Anton Winterhalder. He became a sculptor.
  • Ferdinand Winterhalder (* 1784 Vöhrenbach, † 1847 ibid), brother of Anton Winterhalder. He too became a sculptor. He took over the father's workshop.
Adolph Winterhalder's war memorial in Vöhrenbach

The two and later Vöhrenbacher descendants were "manufacturers of tombstones, carvers of the Lord God and supplied the clockmakers and orchestrion builders made of wood for their musical instruments". With Adolph Winterhalder (1846–1900), who was also the clerk of Vöhrenbach, a grandson of the fourth generation of Ferdinand, “the Winterhalder family of sculptors in Vöhrenbach died out after 200 years in the male line”. Adolph created the war memorial for the Vöhrenbach soldiers who fell in the Franco-German War 1870–1871. “Eighteen years later, in 1918, the Moravian line of Winterhalder also ended with <one> great-granddaughter Josef Winterhalder the Elder. J. ".

The artistic tradition of the family, judge Kleiser and Wörgötter, is based on autodidactic wood carving, a sensitivity based on nature and craftsmanship. The academic training of the third generation then brought new opportunities for expression and orders. In addition to the usual decoration of churches and the production of everyday objects of popular piety, the task was to artistically realize demanding theological and philosophical programs. The highlight in this regard was the work of Josef Winterhalder the Younger of the fourth generation.

Unrelated "Winterhalder" artists

The common name was also borne by artists without any known relationship with the line that goes back to Bartholomaeus from the “Cold Hostel”. Franz Xaver Winterhalter (1805–1873) became famous as a master of aristocratic portraits . He and his lesser known brother Hermann Winterhalter (1808-1891) were sons of the Menzenschwander farmer Fidel Winterhalder (1773-1863). A Winterhalder brought reverse glass painting from Bohemia to Rötenbach (Friedenweiler) near Titisee-Neustadt , where, for example, Benedikt Winterhalder (1813–1890) practiced it, who also became mayor of the place. Two brothers of Benedict settled in the USA as reverse glass painters. Erwin Winterhalder (1879–1968), who emigrated from Switzerland to the USA, restored Tutankhamun's death mask in 1922 and made copies.

literature

  • Hermann Brommer : The sculptors Hauser in Kirchzarten, Schlettstadt and Freiburg i. Br. (1611–1842) - The Biographies (Part I). in: Schau-ins-Land 89, 1971, pp. 47–93.
  • Benno Griebert: Studies on Baroque sculpture in the Upper Rhine. Inaugural dissertation at the Philosophical Faculty of the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Berlin, 1935.
  • Manfred Hermann : To the Black Forest sculptors Winterhalder in Neukirch and Vöhrenbach. In: Bernd Mathias Kremer (ed.): Art and spiritual culture on the Upper Rhine. Festschrift for Hermann Brommer on his 70th birthday. Kunstverlag Josef Fink, Lindenberg 1996, pp. 61–83.
  • Bernhard Kleiser: The Winterhalder family of sculptors. In: Working group city history of the home guild "Frohsinn" eV Vöhrenbach (Hrsg.): Vöhrenbach in the Black Forest. New contributions to the city's history. Geiger, Horb am Neckar 1994, ISBN 3-89264-888-3 , pp. 91-108 (richly illustrated).
  • Bernhard Kleiser, Zora Wörgötter: The Black Forest artist family Winterhalder. In: Lubomír Slaviček (ed.): Josef Winterhalder the Younger (1743 Vöhrenbach - 1807 Znojmo), Maulbertsch's best pupil. Museum Langenargen am Bodensee, Langenargen 2009. ISBN 978-3-00-027324-7 , pp. 211-231
  • Winterhalder or Winterhalter . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General lexicon of fine artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 36 : Wilhelmy-Zyzywi . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1947, p. 83-89 .
  • Christoph Winterhalder: Bartel Winterhalder, the carver, and his descendants. In: Writings of the Association for History and Natural History of the Baar. Volume 30, 1980, pp. 99-112 ( baarverein.de PDF).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Bernhard Kleiser, Zora Wörgötter: The Black Forest artist family Winterhalder. In: Lubomír Slaviček (ed.): Josef Winterhalder the Younger (1743 Vöhrenbach - 1807 Znojmo), Maulbertsch's best pupil. Museum Langenargen am Bodensee, Langenargen 2009. ISBN 978-3-00-027324-7 , pp. 211-231.
  2. ^ Hermann Arthur Lier:  Winterhalter, Joseph . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 43, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1898, p. 499 f.
  3. ↑ Constantin von Wurzbach : Winterhalter, Joseph . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 57th part. Kaiserlich-Königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1889, pp. 84–87 ( digitized version ).
  4. ↑ Constantin von Wurzbach : Winterhalter, Joseph . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 57th part. Kaiserlich-Königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1889, pp. 82–84 ( digitized version ).
  5. ↑ Griebert 1935.
  6. ^ Edmund Wilhelm Braun: Winterhalder, Barthel . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General lexicon of fine artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 36 : Wilhelmy-Zyzywi . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1947, p. 84 .
  7. ↑ a b c d e f g Missing in Thieme-Becker .
  8. ^ Edmund Wilhelm Braun: Winterhalder, Adam . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General lexicon of fine artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 36 : Wilhelmy-Zyzywi . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1947, p. 83 .
  9. ^ Edmund Wilhelm Braun: Winterhalder, Anton . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General lexicon of fine artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 36 : Wilhelmy-Zyzywi . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1947, p. 83 .
  10. ↑ B. Kleiser 1994, p. 107; Ch. Winterhalder 1980, p. 109.
  11. ↑ B. Kleiser 1994, p. 107; Ch. Winterhalder 1980, p. 109.
  12. ↑ Edmund Wilhelm Braun: Winter Halder, Josef I . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General lexicon of fine artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 36 : Wilhelmy-Zyzywi . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1947, p. 84-86 .
  13. ^ Lore Noack Heuck: Winterhalder, Johann Michael . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General lexicon of fine artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 36 : Wilhelmy-Zyzywi . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1947, p. 84 .
  14. ^ Edmund Wilhelm Braun: Winterhalder, Josef II . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General lexicon of fine artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 36 : Wilhelmy-Zyzywi . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1947, p. 86-87 . Lubomír Slaviček (ed.): Josef Winterhalder the Younger (1743 Vöhrenbach - 1807 Znojmo), Maulbertsch's best pupil. Museum Langenargen am Bodensee, Langenargen 2009. ISBN 978-3-00-027324-7 .
  15. ↑ Arthur von Schneider: Winterhalter, Franz Xaver . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General lexicon of fine artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 36 : Wilhelmy-Zyzywi . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1947, p. 87-89 .
  16. ↑ Winterhalter, Hermann . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General lexicon of fine artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 36 : Wilhelmy-Zyzywi . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1947, p. 89 .
  17. ↑ Winterhalder 1980, pp. 110-111.
  18. ↑ Winterhalder, Erwin . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General lexicon of fine artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 36 : Wilhelmy-Zyzywi . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1947, p. 84 .