Yakovlev Yak-40
| Yakovlev Yak-40 | |
|---|---|
|
|
| Type: | Short-haul airliner |
| Design country: | |
| Manufacturer: | |
| First flight: |
October 21, 1966 |
| Commissioning: |
September 1968 |
| Production time: |
1967 to 1981 |
| Number of pieces: |
1011 |
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The Jakowlew Jak-40 ( Russian Яковлев Як-40 , NATO code name Codling ) is a three-engine short-haul airliner from Soviet production. It was designed in the early 1960s to take over the feeder services in particular from the Ilyushin Il-14 .
The Jak-40 is a cantilever low- wing aircraft with retractable landing gear and rear-mounted engines. It can carry a two to three-person crew and up to 32 passengers.
In order to be able to take off from unpaved airfields such as grass landing areas and makeshift runways, the new type was given low-load wings and, for safety, three instead of two engines .
The retractable passenger stairs in the rear and the on-board auxiliary engine for air conditioning the cabin and for starting the three engines make the Jak-40 independent of ground equipment at airports.
history
About a year after development began, Arseni Kolossow made the maiden flight of the first of the five prototypes on October 21, 1966 . The first public presentation took place on July 8, 1967 in Domodedovo . On September 30, 1968, the Yak-40 was introduced into the scheduled service of Aeroflot .
The Jak-40 became one of the most built passenger aircraft in the Soviet Union . It has been exported many times and even sold to the West. The biggest "west customer" was the German General Air . Three more were rented to the Italian Aertirrena .
By the end of production in 1976, over 1000 Jak-40s had been built. It is still used by some Central Asian airlines in the former Soviet Union and by some air forces in the former Eastern Bloc.
Although production has already ended, Jakowlew and Skorost offer the conversion to the Jak-40TL. The three Ivchenko engines will be replaced by two turbofan engines from the manufacturer Textron-Lycoming (LF 507-1N each 31.14 kN thrust), which allow a higher cruising speed and also have better performance and significantly lower operating costs.
Incidents
The exact number of accidents of Soviet aircraft types is difficult to determine compared to Western types. There is no reliable information about accidents before the turning point. However, an incomplete comparison is possible via the Aviation Safety Network website. Accordingly, there were 108 total losses from the first flight in 1966 to March 2020 with Yakovlev Jak-40. 902 people were killed in 46 of them. Extracts:
- On May 4, 1972, an Aeroflot Jak-40 ( aircraft registration number CCCP-87778 ) crashed while approaching Bratsk . The cause given was the weather conditions which surprised the crew (see also Aeroflot flight W-608 ) .
- On February 28, 1973, an Aeroflot Jak-40 (CCCP-87602) crashed shortly after taking off from Semei Airport . The cause of the crash could never be fully clarified (see also Aeroflot flight X-167 ) .
- On February 19, 1975, a Jak-40 of the German General Air (D-BOBD) was steered away from the runway on landing in Saarbrücken to prevent the runway end from rolling over into a steep slope. The machine, with 16 passengers and 2 pilots, broke through a fence and collided with trees. Apart from the seriously injured pilot, no people were injured. The aircraft was written off as a total write-off.
- On September 9, 1976, a Jakowlew Jak-40 of Aeroflot (СССР-87772) collided with an Antonov An-24 of the same company (СССР-46518) over the Black Sea near Anapa . All 70 occupants of both machines died (see also Anapa aircraft collision ) .
- On October 7, 1978, an Aeroflot Yak-40 (СССР-87437) crashed shortly after taking off in Sverdlovsk . All 38 inmates died. The main cause was an engine failure combined with errors by the crew (see also Aeroflot flight 1080 ) .
- On August 1, 1990, an Aeroflot Yak-40 (CCCP-87453 ) coming from Yerevan ( Armenia ) was flown against a mountain in poor visibility while approaching Stepanakert Airport ( Azerbaijani SSR ). None of the 46 occupants survived this CFIT ( Controlled flight into terrain ).
- On November 14, 1992, a Jakowlew Jak-40 of Vietnam Airlines (VN-A449) came off course on approach to Nha Trang Airport in poor visibility, fell below the minimum altitude and was flown into a ridge. When rescue workers reached the scene of the accident eight days after the accident, a Dutch passenger could still be rescued. The remaining 30 occupants were killed in this CFIT ( Controlled flight into terrain ) (see also Vietnam Airlines flight 474 ).
- On September 26, 1994, a Yak-40 of the Russian Cheremshanka Airlines (RA-87468) crashed near Wanawara in Russia. All 28 occupants died (see also Cheremshanka Airlines flight accident near Wanawara in 1994 ) .
- On October 29, 1997, a Jak-40 of Ariana Afghan Airlines (YA-KAE) crashed while landing in Jalalabad, killing one person.
- On 19 July 2005, a Yak-40 of the Philippine sat Inter Iceland Airlines (RP-C2803) on the Caticlan (Philippines) in front of the 950-meter-long runway. The landing gear collapsed during the rescue attempt, whereupon the machine was totaled; it could not be made airworthy again with the resources available on site. None of the 23 people on board were killed. In 2012 the wreck was bought and sunk off the nearby holiday island of Boracay as an attraction for divers.
Technical specifications
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| Parameter | Data |
|---|---|
| Years of construction | 1966-1981 |
| Type | Short-haul airliner |
| length | 20.36 m |
| span | 25 m |
| Wing area | 70 m² |
| height | 6.50 m |
| Empty mass | 9,400 kg |
| Max. Takeoff mass | 17,200 kg |
| Cruising speed | 510 km / h at an altitude of 6,000 m |
| Range | with max. Payload 1,450 km |
| Service ceiling | 6,000 m |
| Engines | three turbofan engines Ivchenko AI-25 |
| power | 14.7 kN each |
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Manfred Jurleit: Jakowlew Jak-40 . In Flieger Revue 3/1993. P. 43
- ^ Karl-Heinz Eyermann , Wolfgang Sellenthin: The air parades of the USSR. Central Board of the Society for German-Soviet Friendship, 1967. p. 40
- ↑ a b Helmut Kreuzer: JETTLINER, FROM THE COMET TO THE AIRBUS A 321 , Air Gallery Verlag, Ratingen (1991) ISBN 3-9802101-4-6
- ↑ Achim Figgen et al. a .: Commercial aircraft , Bechtermünz Verlag, Augsburg (2000) ISBN 3-8289-5351-4
- ^ List of accidents involving Yakovlev Yak-40 , Aviation Safety Network , accessed on April 3, 2020.
- ↑ http://www.airdisaster.ru/database.php?id=104
- ^ Accident report Jak-40 CCCP-87602 , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on December 20, 2016.
- ↑ accident report Jak-40FG D-BOBD , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on 20 December 2016th
- ^ Accident report Jak-40 CCCP-87772 , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on March 16, 2020.
- ^ Accident report AN-24 CCCP-46518 , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on March 16, 2020.
- ^ Accident report Jak-40 CCCP-87453 , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on April 1, 2020.
- ^ Accident report Jak-40 VN-A449 , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on April 3, 2020.
- ^ Accident report Jak-40 YA-KAE , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on April 2, 2020.
- ^ Accident report Jak-40 RP-C2803 , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed on December 20, 2016.
- ↑ Diving video from Boracay on which the type of aircraft is clearly visible
- ↑ a b Flugzeughandbuch Jak-40 , Verlag Luftverkehr, Moscow (1995)