Yoani Sánchez

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Yoani Sánchez (2013)

Yoani María Sánchez Cordero (born September 4, 1975 in Havana ) is a Cuban philologist . She became known as the author of the first uncensored blog from Cuba called "Generación Y" , in which she a. a. reports on the difficult everyday life of Cubans and criticizes the prevailing conditions. She is married to the regime-critical journalist Reinaldo Escobar (* 1947) and has one son. She has been writing for The Huffington Post since 2008 and started the blog “Cuba Libre” in May 2012 within the online service of the Spanish daily El País, for which she also writes. In May 2014, she started the online newspaper 14ymedio , the first non-governmental newspaper in Cuba after the revolution . Since May 2016 she has been running a regular talk show on human rights issues on Deutsche Welle's Spanish-language television program .

Life

Yoani Sánchez studied Spanish literature at the Pedagogical Institute in Havana. Later, in 1995, she moved to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities. Their son was born in the same year. Five semesters later, she finished her studies in Hispanic literature. She specialized in contemporary Latin American literature and wrote a thesis on “Words under Pressure. A study of literature under the dictatorship in Latin America. ” At the end of her university career, she realized for herself that the world of intellectuals and high culture was not hers. She no longer wanted to be a philologist.

From the year 2000 she worked for the state publisher " Nueva Gente " (German: "Neue Menschen") to do the social service that is mandatory for university graduates . Since, like most Cubans, she could not legally support a family from the salary paid, since the average monthly wage of a Cuban is only around 15 to 20 US dollars , she quit before completing the minimum period and henceforth worked as a self-employed Spanish teacher for German-speaking tourists, with which they had better earning opportunities.

In 2002 Yoani Sánchez emigrated to Switzerland, where she lived in Zurich for two years before returning to Cuba in 2004, yearning for her home and family.

During these years she developed a soft spot for computer science that continues today. In 2004, together with other Cubans, she founded an internet journal of thought and debate, “Consenso” (“consent”), for which she is still working as a webmaster and editor .

In April 2007, she launched the Generation Y blog . Because of this, she became known worldwide in 2008. This year, the prestigious Spanish journalism prize “Ortega y Gasset” was awarded, which is awarded annually by the Spanish daily El País in memory of the Spanish thinker and journalist José Ortega y Gasset for outstanding journalistic work in Spanish. The Time magazine chose among the 100 most influential people of 2008. In November 2008, she won the Weblog Award of the Deutsche Welle BOBs in the category Best Weblog and the User Award in the category Reporters Without Borders Award . In October 2009 she was awarded the Maria Moors Cabot Prize , one of the oldest journalism awards in the United States. This honors reporting that works “for an inter-American understanding” and the defense of press freedom .

Yoani Sánchez was regularly refused by the Cuban authorities to leave Cuba to receive the prizes or to participate in other events to which she was invited. Amnesty International viewed this as an undue punishment for exercising the human right to freedom of expression . Within four years, she was refused permission to attend events 18 times. It was only when the amended travel law came into force in January 2013, which made it fundamentally easier for Cubans to enter and leave the country, that the Cuban government changed its policy, so that in February 2013 Sánchez was able to embark on a journey of several months through several countries, initially to Brazil.

Yoani Sánchez also writes columns as a guest author for various international press organs, including between January 2010 and March 2012 in the weekend supplement Sonntaz der taz ("the daily newspaper") and since 2008 in the English edition of the Huffington Post . After the Cuban government revoked the Spanish correspondent of El País in September 2011 after 20 years of residence for journalistic reporting, the daily handed over his previous function to Sánchez.

With guests during a recording of their talk show (2016)

In addition to her blog posts, columns and interviews, Sánchez expresses herself with a large number of current comments and short messages via the communication network Twitter , where each of her tweets now reaches over 100,000 regular readers (so-called followers ). Most of their readers and followers are from abroad. She has no influence in Cuba. Private Internet access is not permitted there and official access is heavily monitored and expensive. In addition to her work as a journalist and civil society activist, she wrote a 400-page manual on using the WordPress blogging software , which was published in Madrid in May 2011. The Cuban government refused to allow her to leave the country to present her book in Spain.

In May 2016, Sánchez took on a new role as a television presenter. Since then she has hosted a weekly talk show on Latin American human rights issues on Deutsche Welle's Spanish-language program called Yoani Sánchez - La voz te tus derechos (“The voice of your rights”).

Online activities

Generación Y blog

Yoani Sánchez lives with her husband, the journalist Reinaldo Escobar, in a high-rise building in the Cuban capital Havana on the Plaza de la Revolución . She writes her articles in her apartment on a laptop she brought with her from her trip abroad. In order to publish a post on the blog, she usually goes to an internet café in a tourist hotel, where you have to pay in dollars. Internet connections are almost non-existent in Cuban private households and if so, they are too slow to manage a blog.

Yoani Sánchez 'domain desdecuba.com is registered by Cronon AG , the subsidiary of Strato AG for large customers, and is hosted at Strato. The address of the domain manager is that of the press officer of Strato's Spanish subsidiary. The blog was initially tolerated by the Cuban government from the outside, but in Cuba itself the blog was blocked by the authorities by technical means for around three years, but since the beginning of February 2011 it has been read by Internet users on the island again . The blockade was lifted a few days before the start of an international congress on modern information technology in Havana.

The articles drawn by Yoani Sánchez appear on the desdecuba.com website in around twenty languages. The versions in German, English and Spanish appear at about the same time. The German-language side is u. a. funded by advertisements.

The individual blog posts themselves essentially deal with the difficult Cuban everyday life, whereby the political conditions are criticized even without mincing their words. For example, she describes the attempt to find lemons to cure her cold, which was ultimately unsuccessful. She asks how it could be that a fertile country like Cuba cannot produce enough agricultural goods to supply the population.

On November 19, 2009, Yoani Sánchez published a questionnaire on her blog with seven questions for incumbent US President Barack Obama on relations between Cuba and the United States, along with the US President's responses. For over three months she had tried various channels to submit her questions to the White House . At the same time, she had also put seven questions to the Cuban President Raúl Castro, from whom she received no answer.

Online newspaper "14ymedio"

On May 21, 2014, Yoani Sánchez started the online newspaper 14ymedio, the first privately operated and government-independent newspaper in Cuba since the victory of the revolution in 1959. The declared aim of the project is to provide “the complete range of news, opinion columns and facts about to cover the reality of our island ”. It should be updated every two to three days. The editor-in-chief is the journalist and Sánchez's husband Reinaldo Escobar, plus around a dozen journalists.

Numerous celebrities such as the Peruvian Nobel Prize for Literature Mario Vargas Llosa and the Polish Solidarność activist and Nobel Peace Prize winner Lech Wałęsa support this project. Wałęsas Foundation is also one of the donors of this project.

The name, 14ymedio , is a play on words . Literally translated it means fourteen and a half . However, the 14 is said to represent the floor of her apartment in a high-rise building in Havana's Nuevo Vedado district, from where the newspaper is produced, as well as the year it was founded in 2014. Y is the first letter of Yoani's first name and at the same time a reference to her blog Generation Y , while medio means something like "medium".

Shortly after its launch, the newspaper's website could not be accessed or read within Cuba. Entering the web address leads to a redirect to a website that Yoani Sánchez alleges greed for money and indicates her connection to the Cuban exile community. The blockade was lifted four days later.

Civil society activist and enemy of the government

Sánchez doesn't want to be seen as a dissident who wants to completely turn the system inside out, but only as a dissatisfied citizen who no longer wants to remain silent. In a foreword to the book Fidel, Bolivia y algo más, however, Cuba's former head of state Fidel Castro accused her of “working for the neo-colonialist press”. The Cuban authorities also place her under the responsibility of doing anti-Cuban propaganda for the Spanish media group Prisa , which also includes the daily El País , from which she received a media award in 2008. For Raúl Castro's daughter Mariela , she is a US-paid mercenary .

Yoani Sánchez is not only Cuba's most famous blogger, but she is also making honest efforts to spread the idea of ​​blogging in Cuba. A so-called “blogger academy” in October 2008 was banned by the authorities. She circumvents this ban by holding appropriate training courses at home.

After Sánchez tried to expand her social activism to the Cuban public in 2009, the government reacted with a hard hand. This also includes physical intimidation and organized mobilization of “committed revolutionaries” against them and other prominent bloggers. For example, Yoani Sánchez accused Cuban security forces in plain clothes of briefly arresting her on November 6, 2009 in advance of a planned participation in an anti-violence demonstration together with her blogger colleagues Claudia Cadelo and Orlando Luis Pardo . Two weeks later, her husband, Reinaldo Escobar, was the victim of what is known as an Acto de Repudio (literally "act of rejection", but actually intimidation ) after he challenged the state security officer who had arrested his wife for a clarifying discussion in public .

At the funeral for the dissident Orlando Zapata , who died after a hunger strike in a Cuban prison , she was arrested again on short notice in March 2010.

In view of the fact that repressive measures (such as intimidation, technical blockades and public discrediting) have proven to be less than successful in combating Sánchez's influence in the media, especially abroad, the Cuban leadership has decided in recent years to be more active To play a role in the Internet and in the blogosphere in order to create the greatest possible counterbalance and - according to your own reading - to defend yourself against "media terrorism". The most prominent representatives of the “official” bloggers include - besides Fidel Castro himself - Eduardo Fontes (alias Yohandry Fontana: “El Blog de Yohandry”) and Manuel Henríquez Lagarde (“Cambios en Cuba”), who in their blog entries Yoani Sánchez and others Attack prominent dissidents on a regular basis, preferring to abuse them as mercenaries. Yoani Sánchez is also a frequent target of negative reporting, which sometimes takes on grotesque features, for the Cuba solidarity movements abroad that support the Cuban government: For example, a contribution by the Spanish multimedia company that was distributed in September 2011 and entitled "Lies by Yoani Sánchez about church occupation" Project Cubainformación neither a single untruth of Yoani about the incident in question nor the accusation of a lie specifically attributable to her.

While the Internet is primarily important for foreign perception, the traditional media are still important for the formation of local opinion: In a program on Cuban state television called “Las Razones de Cuba” (Cuba's reasons), which was broadcast in March 2011 Yoani Sánchez accused of being part of a US-led cyber war against Cuba. This would no longer be conducted with bombs and guns, but with information and algorithms . Sánchez received around half a million US dollars for “manipulated prices”, according to the show, for her blog. In the series "Las Razones de Cuba" the Cuban government tries to show that the USA is undermining the country with the help of new technologies. Sánchez himself was delighted about the first public mention of alternative bloggers on state television: " Pandora's box is now open", even if the actual aim was to insult her.

When ex-President Jimmy Carter visited Cuba at the end of March 2011, Sánchez was received by the latter as part of a meeting with well-known opposition figures.

On October 5, 2012, Sánchez and her husband wanted to trial the Spanish politician Ángel Carromero , who is said to have fatally injured Cuban dissidents Oswaldo Payá and Harold Cepero in a car accident . She and her husband were arrested on the way to court and taken back home. On November 9th of the same year she was arrested again for a short time for alleged "social indiscipline", this time together with numerous other opposition activists, including the prominent regime critic Guillermo Fariñas . Her offense was to seek information about the recently arrested dissident attorney Yaremis Flores .

In November 2012, the appointed Inter-American Press Association (abbreviation English IAPA , spanish SIP ) Yoani Sánchez to their regional Vice-President for press and freedom of information in Cuba. It is your job to monitor press freedom in Cuba for this organization. Cuba's party newspaper Granma called the IAPA a "CIA cartel of the commercial press" and interpreted this as further evidence that the "cyber mercenary" was in the service of the US secret service. In September 2014 was approved by the Georgetown University announced in Washington that Sánchez of the Internet group for the academic year 2014/2015 proprietor Yahoo donated science scholarship is for dealing with "international values, communication, technology and the global Internet."

Controversy

After Sánchez was briefly arrested on November 6, 2009 in the run-up to a planned participation in an anti-violence demonstration together with her blogger colleagues Claudia Cadelo and Orlando Luis Pardo Lazo, she was reportedly beaten by the State Security staff involved she was threatened that “the limit of her antics has now been reached”. After she met for an interview with the correspondent of the Spanish-speaking BBC service BBC Mundo and afterwards wrote that she had found no visible traces of violence and that she herself refused to publish allegedly existing photographic evidence, this was stated in numerous articles by supporters of the Cuban Government used an opportunity to question their credibility.

Appreciations and honors

Prices

Mention in international rankings

  • 2008: "The 100 Most Influential People of the Year" - Time Magazine (USA)
  • 2008: "The 10 Personalities of the Year" - Gatopardo magazine (Mexico)
  • 2008: "The 10 Most Influential Latin American Intellectuals of the Year" - Foreign Policy magazine (USA)
  • 2010: "The bravest woman in the world" - readers' choice of 20 Minutos magazine (Spain)
  • 2011: "The 100 World's Most Important Thinkers" (81st place) - Foreign Policy magazine (USA)
  • 2011: “The Most Influential Ibero-American Twitterers” - Foreign Policy magazine (Spanish edition)
  • 2012: "The 150 bravest women in the world" - Newsweek magazine and website The Daily Beast (USA)
  • 2012: "The ten most influential Ibero-American intellectuals of the year" - Foreign Policy magazine (Spanish edition)

Works

  • Cuba Libre: On the Art of Surviving Fidel Castro . Bruno Genzler (translator), Heyne, Munich 2010, 256 pages, ISBN 978-3-453-16737-7
  • WordPress: Un blog para hablar al mundo (Spanish), Anaya Multimedia, Madrid 2011, 464 pages, ISBN 978-84-415-2892-5

Web links

Commons : Yoani Sánchez  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Island of the stowaways , Die Zeit , 05/2008 edition of January 24, 2008
  2. ↑ Cuba Libre Blog by Yoani Sánchez in the online offer of the El País newspaper , accessed on June 30, 2012 (Spanish)
  3. ↑ Artículos escritos por Yoani Sánchez Overview of Sánchez's article published in El País , accessed on June 30, 2012 (Spanish, English)
  4. ^ A b c Knut Henkel: Independent Cuban News Website: The Blocked Dream . taz.de , May 22, 2014
  5. ^ A b DW talk format with Yoani Sánchez on human rights in Latin America . Deutsche Welle press release, May 12, 2016
  6. ↑ a b The new magic is called change , sueddeutsche.de of May 17, 2010
  7. ↑ Knut Henkel: Travel ban for Cuban bloggers , taz.de, May 7, 2008
  8. ↑ Premios Ortega y Gasset de Periodismo ( Memento of the original from March 6, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.prisa.es
  9. ↑ The 2008 TIME 100: Heroes & Pioneers - Yoani Sánchez, accessed May 3, 2008
  10. ↑ Deutsche Welle / The BOBs : The BOBs - Deutsche Welle - BOBs Awards, accessed November 28, 2008
  11. ^ Cuban blogger prevented from leaving , Deutsche Welle, October 15, 2009
  12. ↑ Cuba: Blogger denied freedom to travel outside Cuba ( Memento of the original from November 13, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Amnesty International of October 13, 2009 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.amnesty.org
  13. ↑ spiegel.de
  14. ↑ Cuba's blogger Yoani Sánchez begins journey in Brazil , in: WAZ from February 19, 2013, accessed on February 20, 2013
  15. ↑ Cuba's most famous blogger is finally allowed to leave , in: Süddeutsche Zeitung of February 18, 2013, accessed on May 27, 2013
  16. ↑ El régimen cubano retira la acreditación al corresponsal de EL PAÍS en La Habana , in: El País of September 4, 2011, accessed on May 27, 2013 (Spanish)
  17. ↑ Yoani Sánchez's Twitter page
  18. ↑ Yoani Sánchez sobrepasa los 100 mil seguidores en Twitter ( Memento of the original from February 11, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , in: Café Fuerte (Spanish)  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / cafefuerte.com
  19. ↑ Philipp Lichterbeck: Culture in Cuba - A monthly wage for a book , Der Tagesspiegel from July 20, 2015
  20. ↑ Martin Niewendick: Wifi in Havana - Cuba goes wireless , Der Tagesspiegel from July 3, 2015, accessed on July 20, 2015
  21. ↑ La 'bloggera' Yoani Sánchez denuncia que Cuba le impide viajar a Madrid (Spanish) In: El Mundo (Madrid) of May 5, 2011, accessed on May 13, 2011
  22. ↑ Yoani Sanchez - La voz de tus derechos. Information page for the program on the Deutsche Welle website (Spanish)
  23. ↑ Blog in Cuba: The dubious luck not to be read ( Memento of the original from February 18, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , sueddeutsche.de , from February 13, 2009 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.sueddeutsche.de
  24. ↑ Generación Y: Parte médico ( Memento of the original from March 28, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , dated March 26, 2008 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / desdecuba.com
  25. ↑ Yoani Sánchez sobrepasa los 100 mil seguidores en Twitter ( Memento of the original from February 11, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. in: Café Fuerte (Spanish) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / cafefuerte.com
  26. ↑ Cuba unblocks access to controversial blog In: Reuters.com of February 9, 2011, accessed June 17, 2011 (English)
  27. ↑ 'Making coal with criticism of Cuba' Harald Neuber, amerika21.de of March 23, 2011
  28. ↑ President Obama answers Yoani Sánchez's questions ( Memento of the original from June 11, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Yoani Sánchez in Generación Y on November 19, 2009 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.desdecuba.com
  29. ↑ Obama answers Cuban blogger Sánchez , Zeit-Online, November 11, 2009
  30. ↑ Siete preguntas ( Memento of the original from November 20, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Yoani Sánchez in Generación Y of November 18, 2009 ( Version in English ( Memento of the original of August 27, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and remove then this note. ) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.desdecuba.com @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.desdecuba.com
  31. ↑ Questions from Yoani Sanchez to POTUS a note published on WikiLeaks by the US diplomatic mission in Havana to the headquarters of the US State Department dated August 28, 2009 including a draft answer for President Obama (English)
  32. ^ Norbert Mayer: Censorship in Cuba , Die Presse of May 24, 2014
  33. ↑ La bloguera cubana Yoani Sánchez publica su periódico "14ymedio" , Havna Times on May 21, 2014
  34. ↑ Desbloquean en Cuba el periódico digital de Yoani Sánchez ( Memento of the original from May 26, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , AFP in El Nuevo Herald from May 25, 2014  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.elnuevoherald.com
  35. ↑ Cubaencuentro / AFP: Castro acusa a Yoani Sánchez de hacer una 'labor de zapa' y 'prensa neocolonial' of June 18, 2008
  36. ↑ taz.de/Knut Henkel: Cuba's regime feels provoked - art performance with consequences from April 2, 2009
  37. ↑ "We are fed up with being constantly being told" , Tages-Anzeiger dated September 6, 2010
  38. ↑ a b Bert Hoffmann : Civil Society 2.0 ?: How the Internet Changes State-Society Relations in Authoritarian Regimes: The Case of Cuba ( Memento of the original from March 2, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 338 kB) , Bert Hoffmann, GIGA Working Papers No 156, January 2011, chapter 5, page 23 ff.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.giga-hamburg.de
  39. ↑ Bert Hoffmann: Civil Society 2.0 ?: How the Internet Changes State-Society Relations in Authoritarian Regimes: The Case of Cuba ( Memento of the original from March 2, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 338 kB) , Bert Hoffmann, GIGA Working Papers No 156, January 2011, chapter 6, page 25 ff.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.giga-hamburg.de
  40. ↑ Bloguera Yoani Sánchez detenida brevemente en Cuba , Reuters from November 7, 2009
  41. ↑ Knut Henkel: Cuba's government leaves no room for opponents: 54 house arrests , 46 arrests , taz.de of February 25, 2011
  42. ↑ Días de infarto para Yoani Sánchez , El País of November 21, 2009
  43. ↑ Mitin de repudio en La Habana contra Reinaldo Escobar, esposo de Yoani Sánchez , CNN via Youtube, November 2009
  44. ↑ spiegel.de
  45. ↑ The dictatorship hit the net . In: The world
  46. ↑ homepage CubaDebate under the slogan "Against the media terrorism", published by the School of Information Science (UCI) in Havana
  47. ↑ Reflections of Fidel on CubaDebate
  48. ↑ El Blog de Yohandry (Spanish)
  49. ↑ Cambios en Cuba (Spanish)
  50. ↑ s. a. Freedom House: Freedom of the Net Country Report Cuba 2011 (English) of April 18, 2011, accessed on May 3, 2011 (here in particular p. 7)
  51. ^ Bert Hoffmann: Civil Society 2.0 ?: How the Internet Changes State-Society Relations in Authoritarian Regimes: The Case of Cuba . ( Memento of the original from March 2, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 338 kB) GIGA Working Papers No 156, January 2011, Chapter 4, p. 21 (English) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.giga-hamburg.de
  52. ^ Lies by Yoani Sánchez about church occupation German translation of the article Al descubierto mentiras de Yoani Sánchez sobre encierro de secta en La Habana by Cubainformación.tv on Weltnetz.tv, September 16, 2011; Retrieved September 16, 2011 ( original Spanish version of the text )
  53. ↑ a b Cuba accuses award-winning blogger of cyberwar against her country , The Guardian of March 22, 2011
  54. ↑ Vea el capítulo "Ciberguerra" de la serie Las Razones de Cuba (+ video) , Cubadebate from March 21, 2011
  55. ↑ Knut Henkel: Jimmy Carter on a visit to Havana: Prisoner Exchange in View , taz.de of March 31, 2011
  56. ↑ taz.de
  57. ↑ Yoani Sánchez arrested again , taz.de of November 9, 2012
  58. ↑ Detenidos en Cuba la bloguera Yoani Sánchez y otros disidentes , Havana Times of November 8, 2012
  59. ↑ SIP nombra a Yoani Sánchez en Comisión de Libertad de Prensa de Cuba ( Memento of the original of January 21, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Radio Netherlands Latin America 9 November 2012  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.rnw.nl
  60. ^ Jean-Guy Allard: La SIP, cartel CIA de la prensa comercial, escoge a la “representante” en Cuba que le corresponde , Granma of November 12, 2012
  61. ↑ Cuban Blogger, Journalist Now Yahoo! Fellow at Georgetown, notification on the Georgetown University website of September 9, 2014, accessed November 25, 2014
  62. ↑ La 'bloguera' Yoani Sánchez, agredida por la policía cubana , El País of November 8, 2009
  63. ↑ Kidnapping in the style of the Camorra ( Memento of the original from November 12, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Yoani Sánchez in Generación Y on November 7, 2009 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.desdecuba.com
  64. ↑ Fernando Ravsberg: Ataque a bloguera cubana, ¿cambio de política? , in: BBC Mundo of November 9, 2009, accessed October 2, 2012 (Spanish)
  65. ^ Contradictions of Cuban blogger Yoani Sanchez , Norman Girvan Monthly Review. Accessed February 28, 2012
  66. ↑ ricardosalinas.com (PDF)
  67. ↑ cepos.dk
  68. ↑ Prince Claus Prize Winner, 2010 ( Memento of the original from December 20, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.princeclausfund.org
  69. ↑ iredes.es
  70. ↑ Yoani Sanchez galardonada with the premio "Jaime Brunet" 2010 que otoroga la UPN  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.abc.es   , EFE in ABC.es from October 6, 2011
  71. ↑ HazteOir.org premia a la bloguera cubana Yoani Sánchez in: CubaEncuentro of October 18, 2011, accessed on November 9, 2011 (Spanish)
  72. ^ US Department of State - 2011 International Women of Courage Award Winners (English), accessed March 30, 2017
  73. ↑ Se hvem som fikk Lindebrækkeprisen her  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ,@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.hoyre.no   from May 3, 2013 on the official website of Høyre, accessed on May 6, 2013 (Norwegian)
  74. ↑ gatopardo.com ( Memento of the original from July 22, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.gatopardo.com
  75. ↑ Las mujeres más valientes de la tierra , accessed on October 2, 2012 (Spanish)
  76. ↑ The FP Top 100 Global Thinkers ( Memento of the original from January 1, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , in: Foreign Policy , accessed October 2, 2012 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.foreignpolicy.com
  77. ↑ La Lista: tuiteros iberoamericanos ( Memento of the original from September 9, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed on October 2, 2012 (Spanish) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.fp-es.org
  78. ↑ De las 150 mujeres señaladas por Newsweek como las más valientes, 10 han recibido apoyo de Front Line Defenders ( Memento of the original of October 22, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , in: Frontline Defenders , accessed October 2, 2012 (Spanish) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.frontlinedefenders.org
  79. ↑ Lot 10 intelectuales iberoamericanos más influyentes 2012 ( Memento of the original from July 2, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , in: Foreign Policy of October 29, 2012, accessed November 16, 2012 (Spanish) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.fp-es.org
personal data
SURNAME Sánchez, Yoani
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Sánchez Cordero, Yoani María (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Cuban blogger and editor of an independent online newspaper
DATE OF BIRTH 4th September 1975
PLACE OF BIRTH Havana , Cuba