Yukonite
| Yukonite | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| General and classification | |
| chemical formula | Ca 2 Fe 3+ 3 (AsO 4 ) 3 (OH) 4 · 4H 2 O |
|
Mineral class (and possibly department) |
Phosphates, arsenates and vanadates |
|
System no. to Strunz and to Dana |
8th DM.25 ( 8th edition : VII / D.48) 08/22/06/01 |
| Crystallographic Data | |
| Crystal system | none, as amorphous |
| Physical Properties | |
| Mohs hardness | 2 to 3 |
| Density (g / cm 3 ) | measured: 2.65 |
| Cleavage | no |
| Break ; Tenacity | clamshell; extremely brittle |
| colour | dark brown, brownish black, violet to dark blood red |
| Line color | brownish yellow |
| transparency | translucent |
| shine | Glass gloss to resin gloss |
Yukonit is a rarely occurring minerals from the mineral class of "phosphates, arsenates, and vanadates" with the chemical composition Ca 2 Fe 3+ 3 (AsO 4 ) 3 (OH) 4 · 4H 2 O and thus is chemically seen a hydrous calcium - iron - Arsenate with additional hydroxide ions .
Yukonite is one of the few minerals that, like glass, belongs to the amorphous solids , that is, the atoms in the compound do not form any ordered structures. Accordingly, it is found exclusively in the form of irregular, coarse or gel-like mineral aggregates or concretions of dark brown, brownish- black or purple to dark-blood-red color with brownish-yellow streak color .
Etymology and history
Yukonite was first discovered in the Daulton Mine on Windy Arm near Tagish Lake in the Canadian Territory of Yukon and described in 1913 by Joseph Burr Tyrrell , Ronald PD Graham. They named the mineral after the Yukon Territory, in which its type locality is located.
Type material of the mineral is found in the Natural History Museum in London in the United Kingdom (Catalog No. 1916,454), in the Geological Survey of Canada in Ottawa (Catalog No. 18594) and at the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto, Canada (Catalog No. . M11468) and in the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, DC in the USA (catalog no. R5783).
classification
Already in the outdated, but partly still in use 8th edition of the mineral classification according to Strunz , the Yukonite belonged to the mineral class of "phosphates, arsenates and vanadates" and there to the department of "water-containing phosphates with foreign anions ", where together with ferrisymplesite , gutsevichite and Santabarbarait formed the unnamed group VII / D.48 .
The 9th edition of Strunz's mineral systematics , which has been in effect since 2001 and is used by the International Mineralogical Association (IMA), also assigns Yukonite to the category of “phosphates, etc. with additional anions; with H 2 O “. However, this is further subdivided according to the relative size of the cations involved and the molar ratio of the other anions to the phosphate, arsenate or vanadate complex, so that the mineral is classified in the sub-section “With large and medium-sized cations; (OH etc.): RO 4 > 2: 1 “is to be found where it is the only member of the unnamed group 8.DM.25 .
The systematics of minerals according to Dana , which is mainly used in the English-speaking world , assigns Yukonite to the class of "phosphates, arsenates and vanadates" and there to the category of "water-containing phosphates, etc., with hydroxyl or halogen". Here he is to be found as the only member in the unnamed group 08/42/06 within the subdivision "Water-containing phosphates etc., with hydroxyl or halogen with (AB) 7 (XO 4 ) 4 Z q × x (H 2 O)".
Modifications and varieties
So far, a variety of Yukonite is known in which part of the iron has been replaced ( substituted ) by chromium . It is accordingly referred to as “chrome yukonite” and has so far only been discovered in “Corridor No. 7” near Bou Azzer (Bou Azer) near the city of Tazenakht in the Moroccan province of Ouarzazate.
Education and Locations
Yukonite is secondary to weathering from arsenopyrite . At his type locality Daulton Mine or in the vicinity of the nearby Tagish Lake , he appeared in addition to arsenopyrite in paragenesis with argentite , chalcopyrite , silver-containing galena , pyrargyrite , quartz and symplesite . Other accompanying minerals are parasymplesite , köttigite , ogdensburgite , pharmacosiderite , legrandite , willemite , franklinite , sphalerite (Sterling Hill, New Jersey, USA) as well as arseniosiderite , arsenolite and barium-containing pharmacosiderite (Trout Creek, Colorado, USA).
As a rare mineral formation, Yukonite could only be proven at a few sites, with around 20 sites known so far. In the Yukon Territory of Canada, apart from the Daulton Mine, the mineral has only been discovered in the nearby Venus Mine.
In Germany, Yukonit could be found in the Schnellinggrube near Sulzburg , the Ludwig mine in the Adlersbachtal near the city of Hausach , near Wittichen (Schenkenzell) as well as in the Wenzel and Clara mines in Baden-Württemberg, in the Fuchs quarry on the Hartkoppe near Sailauf in the Bavarian district Aschaffenburg, on Graulay (Graulai, Graulei, Grauley) near Hillesheim (Eifel) and in the uranium deposit Schweisweiler - Winnweiler (Pfalz) in Rhineland-Palatinate, in shaft 366 of the Schlema-Alberoda-Hartenstein mining region in Saxony and in the now decommissioned Enlightened luck mine can be found near Hasserode in Saxony-Anhalt.
The only known site in Austria so far is the Stockerstollen at Silberberg near Rattenberg in the Tyrolean Inn Valley and the only known site in Switzerland is the Mine de Collioux inférieur near Saint-Luc VS in the canton of Valais .
Other previously known sites are the San Santiago Mine (Solitaria Mine) in the Vinchina Department (La Rioja) in Argentina; the Grotta della Monaca near Sant'Agata di Esaro in the Italian province of Cosenza; with Nedre Eiker (Buskerud), Kolsvika (Nordland) and Tuften ( Tvedalen , Vestfold) in Norway; in the dolomite quarry near Rędziny (Lower Silesia) in Poland; near Alpartir (Aragón), Lorca and Pastrana (Murcia) in Spain as well as the Crystal No. 8 Mine (Luella Mine) at Buena Vista, Colorado and the Sterling Mine at Sterling Hill Ogdensburg in Sussex County, New Jersey .
See also
literature
- JB Tyrrell, RPD Graham: Yukonite, a new hydrous arsenate of iron and calcium, from the Tagish Lake, Yukon Territory, Canada; with a note on the associated symplesite. In: Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada. Volume 7 (1913), pp. 13-18 ( PDF 609.7 kB )
- Hans Jürgen Rösler : Textbook of Mineralogy . 4th revised and expanded edition. German publishing house for basic industry (VEB), Leipzig 1987, ISBN 3-342-00288-3 , p. 639 .
- Hugo Strunz , Ernest H. Nickel: Strunz Mineralogical Tables . 9th edition. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagbuchhandlung (Nägele and Obermiller), Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-510-65188-X , p. 519 .
Web links
- Mineral Atlas: Yukonite (Wiki)
- Mindat - Yukonite
- Web mineral - Yukonite
- Database-of-Raman-spectroscopy - Yukonite
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b IMA / CNMNC List of Minerals; July 2014 (PDF 1.5 MB)
- ↑ a b c Yukonite , In: John W. Anthony, Richard A. Bideaux, Kenneth W. Bladh, Monte C. Nichols (Eds.): Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineralogical Society of America , 2001 ( PDF 67.4 kB )
- ↑ Mindat - Chromian Yukonite
- ↑ Mindat - Number of localities for Yukonit
- ↑ Find location list for Yukonite at [Mineralienatlas] and at [Mindat]