Zermützel
Zermützel is an inhabited part of the municipality of Neuruppin in the district of Krangen . It is located in Ruppin Switzerland on the Zermützelsee . In 2007 it had 75 inhabitants.
history
Zermützel was first mentioned in 1490 as Schermützel (from the Slavic word for black cherry or service tree ), as a gift from Count Johann zu Lindow to his wife Anna of Saxony. A document over a thousand years old refers to the Slavic tribe of the Zamzizi . The Germanic tribe of the Semnones lived here until 400 AD , who most likely worshiped a large sanctuary on the Weilickenberg above the Boltenmühle on the Tornowsee. In the district of Krangen, tool and weapon finds made of cut stone point to ancestors who lived in the area 4,000 to 7,000 years ago.
The Zermützler lived mainly from agriculture . After the death of the last, 21-year-old Count Wichmann von Lindow-Ruppin , Zermützel came to the Electorate of Brandenburg in 1524 with the rule of Ruppin . At that time the village consisted of 17 hooves . Six hooves belonged to the Lehnschulzen . Three to four farms in Zermützel shared the remaining eleven hooves. In order to improve the yields of the farms, the farmers received 1 to 3 hectares of meadows in the Plagge for grass production . These are meadows with poor quality grass on both sides of the Rhins from the Fristower Bridge up the river.
As a remnant of silkworm breeding in Zermützel, there are two large mulberry trees to the right of the path from the Lindenhof approx. 100 m in the direction of Mückeneck. The "colonists", Huguenots , who were settled in Stendenitz by King Friedrich II , brought this line of business with them.
The Krangener Chronik, which was completed in 1963, reports extensively on agriculture, need, poverty, taxes and problems of daily life. What is of interest for the school system of that time is what is recorded in the chronicle about the Krangen school district, to which Zermützel also belonged in 1810.
A master tailor and sexton from Storbeck, who had attended the school teacher and sexton seminar in Berlin for two and a half months, was employed as a teacher in Krangen in 1797:
“The classroom is the family's living room and study at the same time. The boys and girls are of course very crowded together. The teacher and his surroundings appear in a most unhappy form. But despite the unfortunate situation, the spirit of attention, calm, order, obedience is not without joy. In the absence of a blackboard, the door is used. There is still a special room in the sexton's house which could be used as a writing room, but there is no fuel for heating.
The following could be said about the progress made in the individual subjects: Reading fluently and with proper expression and reading with benefit, not a single child can do that. 3 boys and 9 girls are not yet familiar with reading. 9 boys and 14 girls cannot read at all. Spelling, writing and forming syllables takes two winter months. Two boys and girls do not deal with writing according to regulations. Not one with table arithmetic, with mental arithmetic 3 boys and 3 girls. The memory is practiced more than the reflection, that by memorizing the 5 main pieces, biblical sayings and verses of songs, this by questions, comments and stories. The formation of the language must be completely omitted if the teacher has a lack of grammatical knowledge.
The winter school hours are from 8 to 11 and in the afternoon from 12 to 3. Public school exams have never been taken. There is no summer school, not even regularly from New Years to Easter. The reason lies in the indifference of many towards the education and upbringing of their children. The school fee is collected by the teacher himself and is 2 groschen per week for a child. ... The equipment in the school room consists of a table and 3 benches. "
The Lehnschulzengut Zermützel was acquired as a private property during the Thirty Years' War by the owner of the electoral office (responsible for the dues to the elector) in Alt Ruppin and developed into a manor . In 1780 the finance department acquired the former Lehnschulzengut zu Zermützel from Mr. von Kleist for 8,396 thalers . A significant part of the purchase money was raised by selling old oaks and pines from the Stadtheide. On March 24, 1831, the city published an advertisement that the management of the property no longer corresponded to the municipal purpose. The owners then changed very frequently through the centuries, which was apparently due to the low income situation.
In autumn 1945 the Zermützel estate, with 346 hectares of arable land and 270 hectares of forest at that time, fell under the land reform . 38 settlers who had found a new home in Zermützel received land from the land fund. Some of them founded Volksgut Zermützel in 1950 , which was already successful in rearing runners in the early 1960s and which cooperated with the fattening farm in Stöffin . Until the turn of 1990, the Volksgut worked together with the Neukammer cooperative plant production based in Gnewikow . Its agricultural area was worked from there. The livestock was also part of the Gnewikow estate.
The manor can still be recognized as such today. Until a few years ago he owned a stately manor house with a dwarf gable roof and a small attic and gable roof . Since there was no longer any interest in maintaining and using it, the manor house was demolished before the fall of the Wall . The Zermützler estate management was ended after the turn.
In 1766 Zermützel had 40 inhabitants. In September 1945 there were 76 inhabitants and 194 refugees, in 2005 79 inhabitants.
Location structure
| Population development in Zermützel from 1875 to 1925 |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| year | Residents | ||||||||
| 1875 | 96 | ||||||||
| 1890 | 71 | ||||||||
| 1910 | 88 | ||||||||
| 1925 | 97 | ||||||||
Zermützel had been a district of Krangen since January 1, 1926, and since Krangen's incorporation into Neuruppin in 1993, it has also belonged to Neuruppin. The responsibility of the local mayor of Krangen for Zermützel has remained. In the land registers and plans of the building authority, the entries run under cranes.
The number of farmers and the size of the farms remained the same until the 19th century. However, the names and families have changed. The oldest family still represented in Zermützel today is Wittkopf. The Wittkopf family has been based in Zermützel since 1879. Those who are interested in former Zermützel people will find names in the old Zermützel cemetery.
Zermützel has three clearly separated residential areas.
The first is the upper village square. This is where the so-called Lindenhof, which is still called today, is located. The residential building, a two-story, transversely structured large house is a half-timbered building in which the smoke chimney of the black kitchen still existed in the 1960s, which was closed with a Prussian cap to protect against rain. Opposite the Kremserhof was built after the fall of the Wall. There was a grocery store until 1995.
The second includes the lower village square with the central homestead of the former Wittkopf restaurant. The Wittkopf restaurant celebrated its 110th anniversary in 1989. In 1999 the couple Klaus and Brigitte Wittkopf gave up the business for the restaurant. The former farms of the farmers Schmidt and Burrmann were located next to the Wittkopf farm uphill and can hardly be recognized as such today.
The property downhill next to the Wittkopf farm emerged in 1926 from the Tederan'schen Büdnerstelle, whose previous owner was Alexander Freiherr von Swaine , who owned Birkenhorst . The construction of the smaller part of the semi-detached house resembles the type building from the colonial era, which was also to be found in the neighboring village in Stendenitz. As reported by Günter Krentz, King Friedrich II established these colonist posts in 1755.
Oral tradition and the Krangen village chronicle indicate that the former Thederan's Büdnerstelle was once the home of the hunter or fisherman on the estate. To date, the entry of the following charges in the land register has not been deleted for this property because the successor of the beneficiary cannot be determined. According to the award document dated September 28, 1789, has owners annually
"B to deliver 2 bushels of
pine apples to the lordship of Zermützel, c 1 day of forestry services and
d to perform certain other services for daily wages.
Registered vigora de creti from May 22nd, 1840. "
The third clearly separated residential area in Zermützel on the Stendenitzer Bridge has an architectural attraction. There is the country house built in 1937 designed by the architect Hans Scharoun for the art dealer Ferdinand Möller (1882–1956) .
The following local names have been passed down orally and include: In some cases still in use today: Vorbuch : Forest area between Zermützel and Fristow. Ziegelwiese : Riverside area in front of the Mückeneck, on which brick remains from the former brickworks can be found. Galgenberg : The dead pine and boulders mark this place approx. 500 m from the place name sign Zermützel in direction east. Acacia path: dirt road between forest and field in a north-east direction from the town center. Kirchsteig : Path from the Stendenitzer Brücke towards Krangen (only available in the forest, the piece at the edge of the forest is now plowed under). Hindenburgiche : Oak on the square in front of the Lindenhof (bus stop).
Infrastructure development
The transfer of the boats from Zermützel to the Rheinsberg Lake District , which is recorded in the maps still in use today, was carried out until 1930 by horse-drawn vehicles from the hauliers Burrmann, Wittkopf and Rösicke.
Electric light has been around since 1934 . The estate in Zermützel had a wind turbine to generate electricity until 1944 . The overhead lines in the Zermützel location were replaced by underground cables in 1973.
Until 1939 a stagecoach with 4 horses on the way from Neuruppin to Rheinsberg brought the post to Zermützel.
Only in 1967 did Zermützel receive a paved road as a connection to Krangen. Before that, the unpaved dirt road was sometimes impassable in the rainy season.
In 1991, the renovation of the 300 m central village street replaced the "cat's heads" with small concrete pavement with pavement markings. On this occasion, street drainage was installed.
In 1995 Zermützel received a central drinking water connection.
Originally the address of almost all Zermützler was called Dorfstrasse , although the Dorfstrasse had a number of branches. In 2005 the village street and its branches were given their own names and corresponding street signs.
Recreation and leisure
There were water sports facilities even before the Second World War . The German Canoe Association had its station opposite the Wittkopf restaurant. The paddler guild Rhinbrüder e. V. Neuruppin and later the rowing club Neuruppin each had a fenced-in property with a house and cellar and water supply in the Mückeneck .
From 1930 to 1940, weekend properties were built on the east bank up to the Mückeneck. The “Mückeneck” home of the Neuruppin rowing club was also built during this period. After 1945 it was given to the anglers' association.
After the Second World War, the Mückeneck cottage settlement was built between 1960 and 1970 and the Zermützel community interest group between 1970 and 1980 on the site of the estate's former herb garden, including the sports boat harbor and canal. In the early 1960s, the bungalows were also built in the mountain location to the north, following the village of Zermützel.
Two large campsites are located on the Zermützelsee . The campsites Stendenitz and Großer Rehwinkel as well as the places on the lake on both sides of the Fristower bridge, the little Rehwinkel and a place behind the Mückeneck anglers' home used to be used as wood storage. Hierholz became rafts together, then down the Rhin Neuruppin punted were.
There are a number of holiday apartments in Zermützel. The Kremserhof Zermützel (Ruppiner Fahrtouristik) offers riding and driving opportunities with carriages and Kremsern as well as rustic hospitality.
On the occasion of the 500th anniversary of Zermützel, the community celebrated a big summer party in 1990 at the public bathing area of Zermützel. From this the annual folk festival has become a tradition for Zermützler, vacationers and participants from the surrounding area to Berlin.
Although the Zermützelsee is a small lake as a sailing area, it offers good opportunities for windsurfing and sailing . After the reunification at Zermützelsee, windsurfing became a mass sport in just a few years. The windsurfing regatta became a regular regatta program every year for many years . The first windsurfing regatta including a fun regatta with costumes took place in 1982.
Perch , pikeperch , pike , eel , catfish , carp and various white fish can be fished from the lake . The water of the lake is quite clear until the start of motorboat operations in April and then again after the motorboat season has ended; in the motorboat season it becomes cloudy because the lake is only 6 m deep and the bottom is muddy.
The Zermützelsee is not only supplied with water by the Rhin and the Rottstielfliess, but also tributaries from the Teufelssee, the Kellensee and springs between Fristow and the small Rehwinkel.
From Alt Ruppin a cycle path leads through the forest past Molchow to Grafendamm on the Zermützelsee.
Legends
The two legends associated with the name Zermützel are about life here in earlier times, about people's thoughts, wishes and fears.
The witch in the Teufelssee
This legend tells about a witch who is said to have been up to mischief in the Teufelssee and was later brought to the forest near Rheinsberg.
The flower miracle from Zermützel
In the twilight there was a soft knock on the gate of a homestead in Zermützel. The woman opened the gate and was terrified at the sight of an old, emaciated man whose eyes were also full of fear. The man wore striped concentration camp clothing . He asked for civilian clothes for further escape. At the time, assisting people to flee was punishable by death . It was April 1945, at the time the war was coming to an end. The woman was responsible for her family, for a small child and for her sick husband. The woman was also responsible for house residents who sought refuge here in the village from the dangers of war.
Since she was brave, she said the following to the refugee: “Hide yourself in the bushes of the cemetery and wait until a man with a long green coat and hat walks past the cemetery. He'll drop a package there and move on. When the man is gone, you can take the suit out of the package and change. Hide your concentration camp clothing in the package so that we can burn it in the oven afterwards. "
It seemed to the woman as if she saw a glimmer of hope on the old man's face. Before he disappeared he said, “I have nothing to thank you. But I will ask God to give Zermützel a rich blessing and, as a token, to let 100,000 white flowers grow in such a way that they form a large flower carpet. ”There in the cemetery where the man found the package of clothes, more than have grown in spring since then 100,000 snowdrops - like a white carpet. Who does not believe, can see it there at the time of the snowdrops. The story had to remain a secret first, so only a few Zermützler know the cause of this floral miracle.
Personalities
- Ferdinand Möller (1882–1956), German art dealer
literature
- Theodor Fontane: Walks through the Mark Brandenburg , Part One: The County of Ruppin , Berlin 1862
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Ruppiner Land (= values of our homeland . Volume 37). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1981, p. 80.
- ^ Hermann Arndt, Die Chronik des Dorfes Krangen up to 1963. Manuscript 1966
- ^ Official Journal of the Royal Government of Potsdam and the City of Berlin, year 1831, Signalement p. 63f
- ↑ Historical municipality directory of Brandenburg (online as PDF file)
- ^ Source: Krangen land register, sheet 101
- ^ Ferdinand Möller Foundation
- ↑ A refuge and an experience for the senses: Hans Scharoun's Landhaus Möller in Zermützel near Neuruppin ( Memento from January 21, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Kulturportal Brandenburg, March 18, 2003
- ↑ The Witch in the Devil's Lake Lexicus
- ↑ Dr. Klaus-Peter Garitz, The Zermützel Flower Miracle: Legend, 2006 told
Districts: Alt Ruppin | Buskow | Gnewikow | Gühlen-Glienicke | Karwe | Cranes | Lichtenberg | Molchow | Nietwerder | Radensleben | Stöffin | Wulkow | Wuthenow
Parts of the municipality: Binenwalde | Boltenmühle | Art Jump | Neuglienicke | Papacy | Radehorst | Rheinsberg-Glienicke | Seehof | Stone Mountains | Stendenitz | Zermützel | Zippelsförde
Places to live: old sheep farm | Expansion of Nietwerder | Expansion of Wulkow | Bechlin | Birkenhof | Bürgerwendemark | Bütow | Dietershof | Holiday park Klausheide | Fristow | Gentzrode | Gildenhall | Heidehaus | Hermannshof | Lietze | Musicians' settlement | Neumühle | Tassels | Rägelsdorf | Roof angle | Rottstiel | Stöffiner Berg | Tornow | Treskow
Coordinates: 53 ° 0 ' N , 12 ° 50' E