Stiphidiidae: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Family of spiders}}
{{Taxobox
{{Redirect|Sheetweb spider|sheet weavers|Linyphiidae}}
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| image = Stiphidion facetum‎ 11.JPG
{{Automatic taxobox
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| image_caption = ''[[Stiphidion facetum]]‎''
| name = Stiphidiidae
| name = Sheetweb spiders
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| image2 = Stiphidion facetum 11.JPG
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
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| image2_caption = ''[[Stiphidion facetum]]''
| phylum = [[Arthropoda]]
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| taxon = Stiphidiidae
| classis = [[Arachnida]]
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| authority = Dalmas, 1917
| ordo = [[Araneae]]
| subordo = [[Araneomorphae]]
| superfamilia = [[Lycosoidea]]
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| familia = '''Stiphidiidae'''
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| familia_authority = Dalmas, 1917
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| diversity_link = List of Stiphidiidae species
| diversity = 13 genera, 94 species
| range_map = Distribution.stiphidiidae.1.png
| range_map = Distribution.stiphidiidae.1.png
| diversity = [[#Genera|20 genera]], [[List of Stiphidiidae species|126 species]]
| range_map_width = 250px
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision =
see text
}}
}}
'''Stiphidiidae''', also called '''sheetweb spiders''', is a family of [[Araneomorphae|araneomorph]] [[spider]]s first described in 1917.<ref>{{cite journal| last=Dalmas| first=R. de| year=1917| title=Araignées de Nouvelle-Zélande| journal=Annales de la Société Entomologique de France| volume=86| pages=317–430}}</ref> Most species are medium size (''[[Stiphidion facetum]]'' is about {{convert|8|mm}} long) and speckled brown with long legs. All members of this family occur in [[New Zealand]] and [[Australia]] except for ''[[Asmea]]''.<ref name=NMBE /> They build a horizontal sheet-like web under rocks, hence the name "sheetweb spiders".
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{{wikispecies|Stiphidiidae}}


The largest of New Zealand's species is ''[[Cambridgea foliata]]'', with a body length up to {{convert|2.5|cm}} and a span of up to {{convert|15|cm}}. Hikers and trampers often find their sheet-like webs that can be up to {{convert|1|m}} across, but the spider itself is nocturnal, spending the day time inside its web tunnel.<ref>{{cite web| title=SHEETWEB SPIDER| publisher=Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research| access-date=2019-04-24| url=http://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/resources/identification/animals/bug-id/what-is-this-bug/bugs-with-legs/8-legs/spiders/sheetweb-spider}}</ref> It can also be found in gardens and males may enter human homes. Their large size, including mouth parts up to {{convert|1|cm}} long, may be intimidating, but it is considered harmless to humans and bites are extremely rare.
The '''Stiphidiidae''' are a [[spider]] family with 94 described species in 13 genera. They are generally of medium size (''[[Stiphidion facetum]]'' is about 8 mm long) and build a horizontal tent-like web under rocks. Most species are speckled brown with long legs.

==Distribution==
Almost all members of this family occur in [[New Zealand]] and [[Australia]]. The only exception are two species of ''Ischaela'', ''[[Ischaela incerta|I. incerta]]'' from [[Madagascar]], and ''[[Ischaela longiceps|I. longiceps]]'' from [[Mauritius]].


==Genera==
==Genera==
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{{Main|List of Stiphidiidae species}}
* ''[[Baiami]]'' [[Pekka T. Lehtinen|Lehtinen]], 1967 (Australia)
{{as of|2019|04}}, the [[World Spider Catalog]] accepts the following genera:<ref name=NMBE>{{cite web| title=Family: Stiphidiidae Dalmas, 1917| website=World Spider Catalog| access-date=2019-04-24| publisher=Natural History Museum Bern| url=http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/family/92}}</ref>
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* ''[[Barahna]]'' Davies, 2003 (Australia)
[[File:Mullamullang Spider.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Tartarus mullamullangensis]]'' and sheet web]]
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* ''[[Borrala]]'' Gray & Smith, 2004 (Australia)
[[File:Cambridgea foliata.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Cambridgea foliata]]'']]
* ''[[Cambridgea]]'' L. Koch, 1872 (New Zealand)
{{div col|colwidth=30em|small=yes}}
* ''[[Corasoides]]'' Butler, 1929 (Australia)
* ''[[Ischalea]]'' L. Koch, 1872 (Madagascar, Mauritius, New Zealand)
*''[[Aorangia]]'' <small>Forster & Wilton, 1973</small> — New Zealand
*''[[Asmea]]'' <small>Gray & Smith, 2008</small> — Papua New Guinea
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* ''[[Nanocambridgea]]'' [[Raymond Robert Forster|Forster]] & Wilton, 1973 (New Zealand)
* ''[[Pillara]]'' Gray & Smith, 2004 (Australia)
*''[[Borrala]]'' <small>Gray & Smith, 2004</small> — Australia
* ''[[Procambridgea]]'' Forster & Wilton, 1973 (Australia)
*''[[Carbinea]]'' <small>Davies, 1999</small> — Australia
* ''[[Stiphidion]]'' [[Eugène Simon|Simon]], 1902 (Australia, New Zealand)
*''[[Couranga]]'' <small>Gray & Smith, 2008</small> — Australia
* ''[[Tartarus (spider)|Tartarus]]'' Gray, 1973 (Australia)
*''[[Elleguna]]'' <small>Gray & Smith, 2008</small> — Australia
* ''[[Therlinya]]'' Gray & Smith, 2002 (Australia)
*''[[Jamberoo (spider)|Jamberoo]]'' <small>Gray & Smith, 2008</small> — Australia
*''[[Kababina]]'' <small>Davies, 1995</small> — Australia
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* ''[[Tjurunga (spider)|Tjurunga]]'' Lehtinen, 1967 (Tasmania)
*''[[Karriella]]'' <small>Gray & Smith, 2008</small> — Australia
*''[[Malarina]]'' <small>Davies & Lambkin, 2000</small> — Australia
*''[[Marplesia]]'' <small>Lehtinen, 1967</small> — New Zealand
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*''[[Neolana]]'' <small>Forster & Wilton, 1973</small> — New Zealand
*''[[Neoramia]]'' <small>Forster & Wilton, 1973</small> — New Zealand
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*''[[Pillara]]'' <small>Gray & Smith, 2004</small> — Australia
*''[[Procambridgea]]'' <small>Forster & Wilton, 1973</small> — Australia, New Zealand
*''[[Stiphidion]]'' <small>Simon, 1902</small> — Australia, New Zealand
*''[[Tartarus (spider)|Tartarus]]'' <small>Gray, 1973</small> — Australia
*''[[Therlinya]]'' <small>Gray & Smith, 2002</small> — Australia
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*''[[Tjurunga paroculus|Tjurunga]]'' <small>Lehtinen, 1967</small> — Australia
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*''[[Wabua]]'' <small>Davies, 2000</small> — Australia
{{div col end}}


==See also==
==See also==
* [[List of Stiphidiidae species]]
* [[List of Stiphidiidae species]]
* [[Spider families]]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
* Blest, A. D. & P. W. Taylor (1995). ''Cambridgea quadromaculata'' n. sp. (Araneae, Stiphidiidae): a large New Zealand spider from wet, shaded habitats. New Zeal. J. Zool. 22: 351-356. [http://www.rsnz.org/publish/nzjz/1995/81.pdf PDF]
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* Gray, M. R. & H. M. Smith (2002). ''Therlinya'', a new genus of spiders from eastern Australia (Araneae: Amaurobioidea). Rec. austral. Mus. 54: 293-312.[http://www.amonline.net.au/pdf/publications/1368.pdf PDF]


==External links==
==External links==
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{{Wikispecies|Stiphidiidae}}
* [http://soilbugs.massey.ac.nz/araneae.php Picture of ''Cambridgea foliata'']
* [http://soilbugs.massey.ac.nz/araneae.php Picture of ''Cambridgea foliata'']
* [http://www.usq.edu.au/spider/find/spiders/515.htm Pictures of ''Stiphidium facetum'' and its web]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061231191032/http://www.usq.edu.au/spider/find/spiders/515.htm Pictures of ''Stiphidium facetum'' and its web]
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* Gray, M. R. & H. M. Smith (2002). ''Therlinya'', a new genus of spiders from eastern Australia (Araneae: Amaurobioidea). Rec. austral. Mus. 54: 293–312.[https://web.archive.org/web/20050721130031/http://www.amonline.net.au/pdf/publications/1368.pdf PDF]


{{Araneae}}
{{Araneae}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q11724}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Stiphidiidae| ]]
[[Category:Stiphidiidae| ]]
[[Category:Araneomorphae families]]


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{{Spider-stub}}


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{{Araneomorphae-stub}}
[[ca:Estifídid]]
[[es:Stiphidiidae]]
[[fa:عنکبوت راه‌راه]]
[[fr:Stiphidiidae]]
[[it:Stiphidiidae]]
[[nl:Stiphidiidae]]
[[no:Stiphidiidae]]
[[tr:Stiphidiidae]]
[[vi:Stiphidiidae]]

Latest revision as of 16:49, 26 October 2023

"Sheetweb spider" redirects here. For sheet weavers, see Linyphiidae.

Sheetweb spiders
Stiphidion facetum
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Infraorder: Araneomorphae
Family: Stiphidiidae
Dalmas, 1917
Diversity
20 genera, 126 species

Stiphidiidae, also called sheetweb spiders, is a family of araneomorph spiders first described in 1917.[1] Most species are medium size (Stiphidion facetum is about 8 millimetres (0.31 in) long) and speckled brown with long legs. All members of this family occur in New Zealand and Australia except for Asmea.[2] They build a horizontal sheet-like web under rocks, hence the name "sheetweb spiders".

The largest of New Zealand's species is Cambridgea foliata, with a body length up to 2.5 centimetres (0.98 in) and a span of up to 15 centimetres (5.9 in). Hikers and trampers often find their sheet-like webs that can be up to 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) across, but the spider itself is nocturnal, spending the day time inside its web tunnel.[3] It can also be found in gardens and males may enter human homes. Their large size, including mouth parts up to 1 centimetre (0.39 in) long, may be intimidating, but it is considered harmless to humans and bites are extremely rare.

Genera[edit]

Main article: List of Stiphidiidae species

As of April 2019, the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera:[2]

Tartarus mullamullangensis and sheet web
Cambridgea foliata
  • Aorangia Forster & Wilton, 1973 — New Zealand
  • Asmea Gray & Smith, 2008 — Papua New Guinea
  • Borrala Gray & Smith, 2004 — Australia
  • Carbinea Davies, 1999 — Australia
  • Couranga Gray & Smith, 2008 — Australia
  • Elleguna Gray & Smith, 2008 — Australia
  • Jamberoo Gray & Smith, 2008 — Australia
  • Kababina Davies, 1995 — Australia
  • Karriella Gray & Smith, 2008 — Australia
  • Malarina Davies & Lambkin, 2000 — Australia
  • Marplesia Lehtinen, 1967 — New Zealand
  • Neolana Forster & Wilton, 1973 — New Zealand
  • Neoramia Forster & Wilton, 1973 — New Zealand
  • Pillara Gray & Smith, 2004 — Australia
  • Procambridgea Forster & Wilton, 1973 — Australia, New Zealand
  • Stiphidion Simon, 1902 — Australia, New Zealand
  • Tartarus Gray, 1973 — Australia
  • Therlinya Gray & Smith, 2002 — Australia
  • Tjurunga Lehtinen, 1967 — Australia
  • Wabua Davies, 2000 — Australia

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Dalmas, R. de (1917). "Araignées de Nouvelle-Zélande". Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. 86: 317–430.
  2. ^ a b "Family: Stiphidiidae Dalmas, 1917". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  3. ^ "SHEETWEB SPIDER". Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research. Retrieved 2019-04-24.

External links[edit]

Wikispecies has information related to Stiphidiidae.


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