Stiphidiidae: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Family of spiders}}
{{Redirect|Sheetweb spider|sheet weavers|Linyphiidae}}
{{Redirect|Sheetweb spider|sheet weavers|Linyphiidae}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Sheetweb spiders
⚫
| image = Stiphidion facetum 11.JPG
| image_caption = ''[[Stiphidion facetum]]''
| image2 = Stiphidion facetum 11.JPG
⚫
| image2_caption = ''[[Stiphidion facetum]]''
| taxon = Stiphidiidae
| taxon = Stiphidiidae
| authority = Dalmas, 1917
| authority = Dalmas, 1917
⚫
| diversity_link = List of Stiphidiidae species
| diversity = 13 genera, 94 species
| range_map = Distribution.stiphidiidae.1.png
| range_map = Distribution.stiphidiidae.1.png
| diversity = [[#Genera|20 genera]], [[List of Stiphidiidae species|126 species]]
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision = See text.
}}
}}
'''Stiphidiidae''', also called '''sheetweb spiders''', is a family of [[Araneomorphae|araneomorph]] [[spider]]s first described in 1917.<ref>{{cite journal| last=Dalmas| first=R. de| year=1917| title=Araignées de Nouvelle-Zélande| journal=Annales de la Société Entomologique de France| volume=86| pages=317–430}}</ref> Most species are medium size (''[[Stiphidion facetum]]'' is about {{convert|8|mm}} long) and speckled brown with long legs. All members of this family occur in [[New Zealand]] and [[Australia]] except for ''[[Asmea]]''.<ref name=NMBE /> They build a horizontal sheet-like web under rocks, hence the name "sheetweb spiders".


The largest of New Zealand's species is ''[[Cambridgea foliata]]'', with a body length up to {{convert|2.5|cm}} and a span of up to {{convert|15|cm}}. Hikers and trampers often find their sheet-like webs that can be up to {{convert|1|m}} across, but the spider itself is nocturnal, spending the day time inside its web tunnel.<ref>{{cite web| title=SHEETWEB SPIDER| publisher=Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research| access-date=2019-04-24| url=http://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/resources/identification/animals/bug-id/what-is-this-bug/bugs-with-legs/8-legs/spiders/sheetweb-spider}}</ref> It can also be found in gardens and males may enter human homes. Their large size, including mouth parts up to {{convert|1|cm}} long, may be intimidating, but it is considered harmless to humans and bites are extremely rare.
The '''Stiphidiidae''' are a [[spider]] family with 94 described species in 13 genera. They are sometimes called '''sheetweb spiders'''. They are generally of medium size (''[[Stiphidion facetum]]'' is about 8&nbsp;mm long) and build a horizontal tent-like web under rocks. Most species are speckled brown with long legs.

[[New Zealand]] has a [[Spiders of New Zealand|variety of species]] in the family Stiphidiidae. The largest of New Zealand's sheetweb spiders is ''[[Cambridgea foliata]]''. The body length may be up to around 2.5&nbsp;cm with a span of up to around 15&nbsp;cm. It produces webs like a sheet (hence the name) up to a metre across. It is a forest dweller and trampers may encounter the webs though they rarely encounter the spider itself which is nocturnal, spending the day time inside a web tunnel. It will also live in gardens. Male spiders may enter human homes where their size, including their centimetre long mouthparts, may be intimidating though the spider itself is considered harmless to humans and bites are extremely rare.<ref name=TePapa>http://www.tepapa.govt.nz/ResearchAtTePapa/Enquiries/SpidersWeb/What/Pages/Sheetweb.aspx</ref><ref>http://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/resources/identification/animals/bug-id/what-is-this-bug/bugs-with-legs/8-legs/spiders/sheetweb-spider</ref>

==Distribution==
Almost all members of this family occur in [[New Zealand]] and [[Australia]]. The only exception are two species of ''Ischaela'', ''[[Ischaela incerta|I. incerta]]'' from [[Madagascar]], and ''[[Ischaela longiceps|I. longiceps]]'' from [[Mauritius]].


==Genera==
==Genera==
⚫
{{Main|List of Stiphidiidae species}}
⚫
*''[[Aorangia]]'' <small>Forster & Wilton, 1973</small>
{{as of|2019|04}}, the [[World Spider Catalog]] accepts the following genera:<ref name=NMBE>{{cite web| title=Family: Stiphidiidae Dalmas, 1917| website=World Spider Catalog| access-date=2019-04-24| publisher=Natural History Museum Bern| url=http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/family/92}}</ref>
⚫
*''[[Asmea]]'' <small>Gray & Smith, 2008</small>
[[File:Mullamullang Spider.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Tartarus mullamullangensis]]'' and sheet web]]
*''[[Borrala]]'' <small>Gray & Smith, 2004</small>
[[File:Cambridgea foliata.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Cambridgea foliata]]'']]
*''[[Carbinea]]'' <small>Davies, 1999</small>
{{div col|colwidth=30em|small=yes}}
*''[[Couranga]]'' <small>Gray & Smith, 2008</small>
*''[[Elleguna]]'' <small>Gray & Smith, 2008</small>
*''[[Aorangia]]'' <small>Forster & Wilton, 1973</small> — New Zealand
*''[[Jamberoo (spider)|Jamberoo]]'' <small>Gray & Smith, 2008</small>
*''[[Asmea]]'' <small>Gray & Smith, 2008</small> — Papua New Guinea
*''[[Kababina]]'' <small>Davies, 1995</small>
*''[[Borrala]]'' <small>Gray & Smith, 2004</small> — Australia
*''[[Karriella]]'' <small>Gray & Smith, 2008</small>
*''[[Carbinea]]'' <small>Davies, 1999</small> — Australia
*''[[Malarina]]'' <small>Davies & Lambkin, 2000</small>
*''[[Couranga]]'' <small>Gray & Smith, 2008</small> — Australia
*''[[Marplesia]]'' <small>Lehtinen, 1967</small>
*''[[Elleguna]]'' <small>Gray & Smith, 2008</small> — Australia
*''[[Neolana]]'' <small>Forster & Wilton, 1973</small>
*''[[Jamberoo (spider)|Jamberoo]]'' <small>Gray & Smith, 2008</small> — Australia
*''[[Neoramia]]'' <small>Forster & Wilton, 1973</small>
*''[[Kababina]]'' <small>Davies, 1995</small> — Australia
*''[[Pillara]]'' <small>Gray & Smith, 2004</small>
*''[[Karriella]]'' <small>Gray & Smith, 2008</small> — Australia
*''[[Procambridgea]]'' <small>Forster & Wilton, 1973</small>
*''[[Malarina]]'' <small>Davies & Lambkin, 2000</small> — Australia
*''[[Stiphidion]]'' <small>Simon, 1902</small>
*''[[Marplesia]]'' <small>Lehtinen, 1967</small> — New Zealand
*''[[Tartarus (spider)|Tartarus]]'' <small>Gray, 1973</small>
*''[[Neolana]]'' <small>Forster & Wilton, 1973</small> — New Zealand
*''[[Therlinya]]'' <small>Gray & Smith, 2002</small>
*''[[Neoramia]]'' <small>Forster & Wilton, 1973</small> — New Zealand
*''[[Tjurunga paroculus|Tjurunga]]'' <small>Lehtinen, 1967</small>
*''[[Pillara]]'' <small>Gray & Smith, 2004</small> — Australia
*''[[Wabua]]'' <small>Davies, 2000</small>
*''[[Procambridgea]]'' <small>Forster & Wilton, 1973</small> — Australia, New Zealand
*''[[Stiphidion]]'' <small>Simon, 1902</small> — Australia, New Zealand
*''[[Tartarus (spider)|Tartarus]]'' <small>Gray, 1973</small> — Australia
⚫
*''[[Therlinya]]'' <small>Gray & Smith, 2002</small> — Australia
*''[[Tjurunga paroculus|Tjurunga]]'' <small>Lehtinen, 1967</small> — Australia
⚫
*''[[Wabua]]'' <small>Davies, 2000</small> — Australia
{{div col end}}


==See also==
==See also==
* [[List of Stiphidiidae species]]
* [[List of Stiphidiidae species]]
* [[Spider families]]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
⚫
* Gray, M. R. & H. M. Smith (2002). ''Therlinya'', a new genus of spiders from eastern Australia (Araneae: Amaurobioidea). Rec. austral. Mus. 54: 293-312.[https://web.archive.org/web/20050721130031/http://www.amonline.net.au/pdf/publications/1368.pdf PDF]


==External links==
==External links==
Line 53: Line 52:
* [http://soilbugs.massey.ac.nz/araneae.php Picture of ''Cambridgea foliata'']
* [http://soilbugs.massey.ac.nz/araneae.php Picture of ''Cambridgea foliata'']
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061231191032/http://www.usq.edu.au/spider/find/spiders/515.htm Pictures of ''Stiphidium facetum'' and its web]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061231191032/http://www.usq.edu.au/spider/find/spiders/515.htm Pictures of ''Stiphidium facetum'' and its web]
⚫
* Gray, M. R. & H. M. Smith (2002). ''Therlinya'', a new genus of spiders from eastern Australia (Araneae: Amaurobioidea). Rec. austral. Mus. 54: 293–312.[https://web.archive.org/web/20050721130031/http://www.amonline.net.au/pdf/publications/1368.pdf PDF]


{{Araneae}}
{{Araneae}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q11724}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q11724}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Stiphidiidae| ]]
[[Category:Stiphidiidae| ]]

Latest revision as of 16:49, 26 October 2023

"Sheetweb spider" redirects here. For sheet weavers, see Linyphiidae.

Sheetweb spiders
Stiphidion facetum
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Infraorder: Araneomorphae
Family: Stiphidiidae
Dalmas, 1917
Diversity
20 genera, 126 species

Stiphidiidae, also called sheetweb spiders, is a family of araneomorph spiders first described in 1917.[1] Most species are medium size (Stiphidion facetum is about 8 millimetres (0.31 in) long) and speckled brown with long legs. All members of this family occur in New Zealand and Australia except for Asmea.[2] They build a horizontal sheet-like web under rocks, hence the name "sheetweb spiders".

The largest of New Zealand's species is Cambridgea foliata, with a body length up to 2.5 centimetres (0.98 in) and a span of up to 15 centimetres (5.9 in). Hikers and trampers often find their sheet-like webs that can be up to 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) across, but the spider itself is nocturnal, spending the day time inside its web tunnel.[3] It can also be found in gardens and males may enter human homes. Their large size, including mouth parts up to 1 centimetre (0.39 in) long, may be intimidating, but it is considered harmless to humans and bites are extremely rare.

Genera[edit]

Main article: List of Stiphidiidae species

As of April 2019, the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera:[2]

Tartarus mullamullangensis and sheet web
Cambridgea foliata
  • Aorangia Forster & Wilton, 1973 — New Zealand
  • Asmea Gray & Smith, 2008 — Papua New Guinea
  • Borrala Gray & Smith, 2004 — Australia
  • Carbinea Davies, 1999 — Australia
  • Couranga Gray & Smith, 2008 — Australia
  • Elleguna Gray & Smith, 2008 — Australia
  • Jamberoo Gray & Smith, 2008 — Australia
  • Kababina Davies, 1995 — Australia
  • Karriella Gray & Smith, 2008 — Australia
  • Malarina Davies & Lambkin, 2000 — Australia
  • Marplesia Lehtinen, 1967 — New Zealand
  • Neolana Forster & Wilton, 1973 — New Zealand
  • Neoramia Forster & Wilton, 1973 — New Zealand
  • Pillara Gray & Smith, 2004 — Australia
  • Procambridgea Forster & Wilton, 1973 — Australia, New Zealand
  • Stiphidion Simon, 1902 — Australia, New Zealand
  • Tartarus Gray, 1973 — Australia
  • Therlinya Gray & Smith, 2002 — Australia
  • Tjurunga Lehtinen, 1967 — Australia
  • Wabua Davies, 2000 — Australia

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Dalmas, R. de (1917). "Araignées de Nouvelle-Zélande". Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. 86: 317–430.
  2. ^ a b "Family: Stiphidiidae Dalmas, 1917". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  3. ^ "SHEETWEB SPIDER". Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research. Retrieved 2019-04-24.

External links[edit]

Wikispecies has information related to Stiphidiidae.


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