Idiopidae: Difference between revisions
m Task 18 (cosmetic): eval 6 templates: del empty params (2×); hyphenate params (1×); |
m Open access bot: hdl updated in citation with #oabot. |
||
(14 intermediate revisions by 8 users not shown) | |||
Line 7: | Line 7: | ||
| authority = [[Eugène Simon|Simon]], 1889 |
| authority = [[Eugène Simon|Simon]], 1889 |
||
| range_map = Distribution.idiopidae.1.png |
| range_map = Distribution.idiopidae.1.png |
||
| diversity = [[#Genera| |
| diversity = [[#Genera|23 genera]], [[List of Idiopidae species|441 species]] |
||
}} |
}} |
||
[[Image:Africantrapdoor.JPG|thumb|''Gorgyrella'' sp.]] |
[[Image:Africantrapdoor.JPG|thumb|''Gorgyrella'' sp.]] |
||
⚫ | '''Idiopidae''', also known as '''armored trapdoor spiders''',<ref>{{cite report|title=Common Names of Arachnids|year=2003|edition=Fifth|author=American Arachnological Society Committee on Common Names of Arachnids|url=http://www.americanarachnology.org/assets/pdfs/arachnid_common_names2003.pdf}}</ref> is a family of [[Mygalomorphae|mygalomorph]]<ref>{{cite journal| last=Raven| first=R.J.| year=1985| title=The spider Infraorder Mygalomorphae (Araneae): cladistics and systematics| journal=Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History| volume=182}}</ref> [[spider]]s first described by [[Eugène Simon]] in 1889.<ref>{{cite book| last=Simon| first=E.| year=1889| title=Arachnides}}</ref> |
||
⚫ | '''Idiopidae''', also known as '''armored''' or '''spiny trapdoor spiders''',<ref>{{cite report|title=Common Names of Arachnids|year=2003|edition=Fifth|author=American Arachnological Society Committee on Common Names of Arachnids|url=http://www.americanarachnology.org/assets/pdfs/arachnid_common_names2003.pdf}}</ref> is a family of [[Mygalomorphae|mygalomorph]]<ref>{{cite journal| last=Raven| first=R.J.| year=1985| title=The spider Infraorder Mygalomorphae (Araneae): cladistics and systematics| journal=Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History| volume=182}}</ref> [[spider]]s first described by [[Eugène Simon]] in 1889.<ref>{{cite book| last=Simon| first=E.| year=1889| title=Arachnides}}</ref> |
||
⚫ | |||
==Behaviour== |
|||
In some species the males have a spur on their legs, which they will show if provoked.<ref>Find-a-spider Guide</ref> |
|||
Idiopidae build burrows, and some species close these with a door. |
Idiopidae build burrows, and some species close these with a door. ''Prothemenops siamensis'' from Thailand, which is about 2 cm long, builds its retreat in a streamside vertical earth bank in lower montane rainforest. Each burrow has two or three entrances that lead into a main tube. |
||
⚫ | The |
||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | The spiders have large bodies, similar to those of [[tarantula]]s. In most species the males have a spur on their legs, which is used to immobilise the female and prevent her from biting during the mating process. The lateral posterior [[Spinneret (spider)|spinnerets]] are elongated.<ref name=murphy2000>{{cite journal| last1=Murphy| first1=Frances| last2=Murphy| first2=John| year=2000| title=An Introduction to the Spiders of South East Asia| journal=Malaysian Nature Society Kuala Lumpur}}</ref> |
||
The oldest known idiopid, [[Number 16 (spider)|Number 16]], died at the age of 43 years.<ref name="DOI10.1071/PC18015"> |
The oldest known idiopid, [[Number 16 (spider)|Number 16]], died at the age of 43 years.<ref name="DOI10.1071/PC18015"> |
||
Line 31: | Line 32: | ||
| doi = 10.1071/PC18015 |
| doi = 10.1071/PC18015 |
||
| doi-access = free |
| doi-access = free |
||
| hdl = 20.500.11937/68826 |
|||
| hdl-access = free |
|||
}} |
}} |
||
</ref> |
</ref> |
||
== |
==Species== |
||
⚫ | |||
{{main|List of Idiopidae species}} |
|||
⚫ | |||
{{div col|colwidth=30em|small=yes}} |
{{div col|colwidth=30em|small=yes}} |
||
*''[[Arbanitis]]'' <small>L. Koch, 1874</small> — Australia |
*''[[Arbanitis]]'' <small>L. Koch, 1874</small> — Australia |
||
Line 43: | Line 45: | ||
*''[[Cantuaria]]'' <small>Hogg, 1902</small> — New Zealand, Australia |
*''[[Cantuaria]]'' <small>Hogg, 1902</small> — New Zealand, Australia |
||
*''[[Cataxia]]'' <small>Rainbow, 1914</small> — Australia |
*''[[Cataxia]]'' <small>Rainbow, 1914</small> — Australia |
||
*''[[Cryptoforis]]'' <small>Wilson, Rix & Raven, 2020</small> — Australia |
|||
*''[[Ctenolophus]]'' <small>Purcell, 1904</small> — South Africa |
*''[[Ctenolophus]]'' <small>Purcell, 1904</small> — South Africa |
||
*''[[Eucanippe]]'' <small>Rix, Main, Raven & Harvey, 2017</small> |
*''[[Eucanippe]]'' <small>Rix, Main, Raven & Harvey, 2017</small> — Australia |
||
*''[[Eucyrtops]]'' <small>Pocock, 1897</small> — Australia |
*''[[Eucyrtops]]'' <small>Pocock, 1897</small> — Australia |
||
*''[[Euoplos]]'' <small>Rainbow, 1914</small> — Australia |
*''[[Euoplos]]'' <small>Rainbow, 1914</small> — Australia |
||
*''[[Gaius |
*''[[Gaius (spider)|Gaius]]'' <small>Rainbow, 1914</small> — Australia |
||
*''[[Galeosoma]]'' <small>Purcell, 1903</small> — South Africa, Mozambique, Botswana |
*''[[Galeosoma]]'' <small>Purcell, 1903</small> — South Africa, Mozambique, Botswana |
||
*''[[Genysa]]'' <small>Simon, 1889</small> — Madagascar |
*''[[Genysa]]'' <small>Simon, 1889</small> — Madagascar |
||
Line 80: | Line 83: | ||
{{ |
{{Idiopidae-stub}} |
Latest revision as of 19:11, 5 January 2024
Armored trapdoor spiders | |
---|---|
Idiops constructor, male | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
Class: | Arachnida |
Order: | Araneae |
Infraorder: | Mygalomorphae |
Clade: | Avicularioidea |
Family: | Idiopidae Simon, 1889 |
Diversity | |
23 genera, 441 species | |
Idiopidae, also known as armored or spiny trapdoor spiders,[1] is a family of mygalomorph[2] spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1889.[3]
Behaviour[edit]
Idiopidae build burrows, and some species close these with a door. Prothemenops siamensis from Thailand, which is about 2 cm long, builds its retreat in a streamside vertical earth bank in lower montane rainforest. Each burrow has two or three entrances that lead into a main tube.
Description[edit]
The spiders have large bodies, similar to those of tarantulas. In most species the males have a spur on their legs, which is used to immobilise the female and prevent her from biting during the mating process. The lateral posterior spinnerets are elongated.[4]
The oldest known idiopid, Number 16, died at the age of 43 years.[5]
Species[edit]
As of 2019, the World Spider Catalog accepted the following genera:[6]
- Arbanitis L. Koch, 1874 — Australia
- Blakistonia Hogg, 1902 — Australia
- Bungulla Rix, Main, Raven & Harvey, 2017 — Australia
- Cantuaria Hogg, 1902 — New Zealand, Australia
- Cataxia Rainbow, 1914 — Australia
- Cryptoforis Wilson, Rix & Raven, 2020 — Australia
- Ctenolophus Purcell, 1904 — South Africa
- Eucanippe Rix, Main, Raven & Harvey, 2017 — Australia
- Eucyrtops Pocock, 1897 — Australia
- Euoplos Rainbow, 1914 — Australia
- Gaius Rainbow, 1914 — Australia
- Galeosoma Purcell, 1903 — South Africa, Mozambique, Botswana
- Genysa Simon, 1889 — Madagascar
- Gorgyrella Purcell, 1902 — Zimbabwe, Tanzania, South Africa
- Heligmomerus Simon, 1892 — Africa, Asia
- Hiboka Fage, 1922 — Madagascar
- Idiops Perty, 1833 — South America, Africa, Asia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
- Idiosoma Ausserer, 1871 — Australia
- Neocteniza Pocock, 1895 — Central America, South America
- Prothemenops Schwendinger, 1991 — Thailand
- Scalidognathus Karsch, 1892 — India, Sri Lanka
- Segregara Tucker, 1917 — South Africa
- Titanidiops Simon, 1903 — Morocco
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ American Arachnological Society Committee on Common Names of Arachnids (2003). Common Names of Arachnids (PDF) (Report) (Fifth ed.).
- ^ Raven, R.J. (1985). "The spider Infraorder Mygalomorphae (Araneae): cladistics and systematics". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 182.
- ^ Simon, E. (1889). Arachnides.
- ^ Murphy, Frances; Murphy, John (2000). "An Introduction to the Spiders of South East Asia". Malaysian Nature Society Kuala Lumpur.
- ^ Leanda Denise Mason; Grant Wardell-Johnson; Barbara York Main (2018). "The longest-lived spider: mygalomorphs dig deep, and persevere". Pacific Conservation Biology. 24 (2): 203. doi:10.1071/PC18015. hdl:20.500.11937/68826.
- ^ "Family: Idiopidae Simon, 1889". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 2019-04-22.
External links[edit]
- Find-a-spider Guide: Images of several species