cdrtools

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cdrtools
Original author(s)Jörg Schilling, Eric Youngdale, Heiko Eißfeldt, James Pearson
Developer(s)Jörg Schilling
Initial release4 February 1996; 28 years ago (1996-02-04)
Stable release3.02 (18 September 2022 (2022-09-18)) [±][1]
Preview release3.02a09 (10 December 2017 (2017-12-10)) [±][2]
Repository
Written inC
Operating systemSee Compatible operating systems
Available inEnglish
TypeCD/DVD/Blu-ray writing
LicenseCDDL, GNU GPL and GNU LGPL
Websitecdrecord.berlios.de
As ofFebruary 2014

cdrtools (formerly known as cdrecord) is a collection of independent projects of free software/open source computer programs, created by Jörg Schilling and others.

The most important parts of the package are cdrecord, a console-based burning program; cdda2wav, a CD audio ripper that uses libparanoia; and mkisofs, a CD/DVD/BD/UDF/HFS filesystem image creator. Because these tools do not include any GUI, many graphical front-ends have been created.

Features

The collection includes many features, such as:

History and name change

The first releases of cdrtools were called cdrecord because they only included the cdrecord tool and a few companion tools, but not mkisofs nor cdda2wav. In 1997, a copy of mkisofs[3] (developed at that time by Eric Youngdale) was included in the cdrecord package. In 1998, a copy of an experimental version of cdda2wav[4] (developed at that time by Heiko Eißfeldt) was included in the cdrecord package.

In 2000, Jörg Schilling changed the name of his package from "cdrecord" to "cdrtools"[5] to better reflect the fact that it had become a collection of tools.

Until 2006, cdrtools was the standard and most used software suite in its category on GNU/Linux systems as well as on several other operating systems (mainly BSD-based). It is still the most used[citation needed] software suite (in its category) on many open source operating systems, except for several major GNU/Linux distributions.

The licensing issue

The project was originally licensed under the GNU General Public License (GPL).

With version 1.11a17 (released in 2002), a section of cdrtools' source code was modified to include an invariant section, with the intent to prevent people from distributing variants with intentional bugs under the original name.[citation needed] The purpose of this invariant section was to make sure any modification to cdrecord would be properly reported as such to the user. Publishing modified code under another name is still permitted, making the file compatible with the OpenSource definition and specific licenses like the GPL.[6]

In May 2006, most parts of cdrtools were switched to the CDDL with permission from their authors.[7] After this license change some parts of cdrtools (e.g. mkisofs, which is still GPL-licensed) use code that was switched to CDDL, (e.g. libscg, the SCSI Transport Layer developed by Jörg Schilling).

According to the Free Software Foundation, the CDDL is incompatible with the GNU General Public License (GPL).[8] Jonathan Corbet, founder of the LWN.net news source argued this makes it impossible to legally distribute cdrtools binaries.[9] Other observers claim that this license issue could be solved by using dynamic-link libraries (also called shared objects), that is, code under the GPL license may use code under the CDDL license (and vice-versa) as long as the codes are stored in distinct files (one runtime and one or more shared objects).[citation needed]

Because of this license issue, several GNU/Linux distributions stopped distributing cdrtools in 2006.

The author's position is that any open source operating system can distribute cdrtools as long as the terms of the licenses are respected.[10][11]

In September 2006, four months after the license change, Jörg Schilling added support for dynamic-linking cdrtools,[12] hoping this would be enough for the GNU/Linux distributions to restart distributing cdrtools.

Debian,[13] Red Hat,[14][15] and Mandriva[16] have all either dropped cdrtools or reverted to the last non-CDDL release of cdrtools, and have not reverted that decision until now. Just before dropping cdrtools in 2006, the Debian project created cdrkit, a fork of cdrtools.[17] cdrkit is distributed by most of the GNU/Linux distributions which have dropped cdrtools. In August 2008, Mark Shuttleworth offered to ask the Software Freedom Law Center for a legal opinion on whether cdrtools could be included in Ubuntu, provided Schilling agreed to accept the opinion.[18]

cdrtools versus cdrkit versus libburnia

GNU/Linux distributions which still ship cdrkit consider it as legacy software and plan to move to libburnia,[19][20] which is not based on cdrtools.

Main commands in each software suite
Software suite Commands for
CD/DVD/Blu-ray CD-Audio
pre-mastering burning reading extraction
cdrtools mkisofs[21] cdrecord[22] readcd[23] cdda2wav[24]
cdrkit genisoimage[25] wodim[26] readom[27] icedax[28]
libburnia xorriso[29] cdrskin[30] telltoc cdrskin

The following tables list some differences between cdrtools, cdrkit and libburnia. (The comparisons apply to the latest releases of each software suite.)

Comparison of cdrtools, cdrkit and libburnia
Topic Suites compared
cdrtools cdrkit libburnia
License(s) CDDL, GPL and LGPL GPL GPL
Can be built from source code on most architectures of most operating systems Yes[31] Some Some
Is included in most major GNU/Linux distributions Some[32] Yes Yes
Is included in all BSD-based distributions Yes No No
Number of active developers 1[33] 0 3+[34]
Year of first public release 1996 2006 2006
Development status Active Inactive Active
Comparison of cdrecord, wodim and cdrskin
Topic Commands compared
cdrecord[22] (cdrtools) wodim[26] (cdrkit) cdrskin[30] (libburnia)
Has support for Blu-ray Discs Yes No Yes
Has support for most existing[weasel words] hardware, including models with buggy[weasel words] firmware Yes Some Some
Has support for DVD-9 (8.5 GB dual layer DVD) media Yes No Yes
Has support for custom Layer Jump Recording (to tell the burner when to switch to the second layer on dual-layer DVDs) Yes No No
Has support for automatic Layer Jump Recording (the burner decides when to switch to the second layer on dual-layer DVDs) Yes No Yes
Has support for capability-based security (on GNU/Linux systems supporting it), which means the burn program does not need to be installed with setuid access rights (in other words, burn operations can be performed by unprivileged users with increased security) Yes[35] No No
Supports "Disc Tattooing" CD-R and DVD media with DiscT@2-capable burners Yes No No
Supports ".inf" files for CD-audio Yes Partial[36] No
Supports ".cue" files for CD-audio Yes Partial Partial
Comparison of mkisofs, genisoimage and xorriso
Topic Commands compared
mkisofs[21] (cdrtools) genisoimage[25] (cdrkit) xorriso[29] (libburnia)
Has support for big files (size ≥ 4 GiB) and multi-extent files Yes No Yes
Has support for UDF filesystems (required for video DVD/BD) Yes Partial[37] No[38]
Has support for Rock Ridge Yes Partial[39] Yes
Has support for sub-second time stamp granularity in Rock Ridge extensions Yes[40] No No
Has support for microsecond time stamp granularity in UDF filesystems Yes[41] No No
Has support for all three Unix times ("atime", "ctime" and "mtime") in both Rock Ridge and UDF Yes[42][43] Partial[44] Partial[45]
Has EFI boot support (for creating bootable media) Yes[46] Some[47] Yes
Has built-in Jigdo support (for creating .jigdo and .template files along with the ISO image file) No[48] Yes Yes
Has support for a built-in POSIX-compliant "-find" option Yes No[49] Some[50]
Can be instructed to ignore and bypass a user supplied list of errors during image masterisation (not recommended unless used with the "-print-size" option) Yes[51] No Yes
Comparison of cdda2wav, icedax and cdrskin
Topic Commands compared
cdda2wav[24] (cdrtools) icedax[28] (cdrkit) cdrskin[30] (libburnia)
Has support for capability-based security (on GNU/Linux systems supporting it), which means the audio extraction program does not need to be installed with setuid access rights (in other words, ripping can be performed by unprivileged users with increased security) Yes[35] No[52] No
Supports to use libparanoia for audio extraction Yes Yes[53] No
Supports to display C2 errors in poparanoia mode Yes No No
libparanoia statitstics work Yes No No
Supports to extract hidden tracks Yes No No
Supports to create .inf files Yes Partial[54] No
Supports to create .cue files Yes No No
Supports to compute MD5 checksums for the extracted audio data Yes No No
Implements remote controlled mode for better DAE properties in GNOME Yes No No

Compatible operating systems

The latest alpha release of cdrtools can be compiled on the following operating systems :

Availability

Availability of cdrtools
Operating system Kernel family Builds of cdrtools
official 3rd-party
Arch Linux Linux Yes
CentOS Linux No Yes
Debian Linux No Yes
DragonFly BSD xBSD (DragonFly) Yes
Fedora Linux No Yes
FreeBSD xBSD (FreeBSD) Yes
Gentoo/FreeBSD xBSD (FreeBSD) Yes
Gentoo Linux Linux Yes
Haiku BeOS clone Yes
Illumos OpenSolaris fork Yes
Kwheezy Linux Yes
KaOS Linux Yes
Linux Mint Linux No ?
NetBSD xBSD (NetBSD) Yes
OpenBSD xBSD (OpenBSD) Yes
openSUSE Linux Yes
Oracle Linux Linux No Yes
Oracle Solaris Solaris Yes
Mac OS X Mach No ?
Parted Magic Linux Yes
PC-BSD xBSD (FreeBSD) Yes
RHEL Linux No Yes
Sabayon Linux Yes
Salix OS Linux Yes
Scientific Linux Linux No Yes
Slackware Linux Yes
SlavankaOS Linux Yes
SystemRescueCD Linux Yes
Ubuntu Linux No Yes
Windows Windows No Yes

Many operating system vendors, but not all, do distribute cdrtools. Because some major GNU/Linux distributions do not, several dedicated individuals have decided to help the community by providing unofficial builds of cdrtools. This table lists some popular operating systems, as well as some GNU/Linux distributions that ship cdrtools.

Version history

Version history of cdrtools
Project Name Preview Releases Stable Release Notes
first last version date
cdrecord Old version, no longer maintained: 1.00 1996-02-04
Old version, no longer maintained: 1.01 1996-10-04
Old version, no longer maintained: 1.02 1996-12-20
Old version, no longer maintained: 1.03 1997-05-16
Old version, no longer maintained: 1.04 1997-05-23
1.5a1 1.5a9 Old version, no longer maintained: 1.05 1997-09-15
1.6a01 1.6a15 Old version, no longer maintained: 1.06 1998-04-18
1.6.1a1 1.6.1a7 Old version, no longer maintained: 1.06.1 1998-10-19
1.8a01 1.8a40 Old version, no longer maintained: 1.08 2000-01-28
1.8.1a01 1.8.1a09 Old version, no longer maintained: 1.08.1 2000-04-27
1.9a01 1.9a05 Old version, no longer maintained: 1.09 2000-07-20
cdrtools 1.10a01 1.10a19 Old version, no longer maintained: 1.10 2001-04-22
1.11a01
2.0pre1 		1.11a40
2.0pre3 		Old version, no longer maintained: 2.00 2002-12-25
Old version, no longer maintained: 2.00.3 2003-05-28
2.01a01 2.01a38 Old version, no longer maintained: 2.01 2004-09-09
2.01.01a01 2.01.01a80 Current stable version: 3.00[82][83] 2010-06-02 Blu-ray support is available since July 2007[84]
3.01a01 Latest preview version of a future release: 3.01a22[2] 2014-01-20[2]
Legend:
Old version
Older version, still maintained
Latest version
Latest preview version
Future release

Forks

Software that can use cdrtools

References

  1. ^ Clausecker, Robert (19 September 2022). "New features with AN-2022-09-18". The schilytools project. Retrieved 2022-10-16.
  2. ^ a b c Schilling, Jörg (10 December 2017). "cdrtools 3.02a09 announcement". cdrtools.sourceforge.net. Retrieved 2017-12-21. Cite error: The named reference "latest preview" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  3. ^ mksofs-1.11 was incorporated to cdrecord-1.5a3 on 5 July 1997 (source: AN-1.5a3)
  4. ^ cdda2wav-0.95beta07 was incorporated to cdrecord-1.8a6 on 27 October 1998 (source: AN-1.8a6)
  5. ^ cdrecord and its friends (mkisofs and cdda2wav) are distributed in a common package called cdrtools since 27 July 2000 (source: AN-1.10a01).
  6. ^ Linux, Firefox and MySQL are a few examples of open source software that put conditions on their licenses regarding source code changes. (Source: "Trademark and OSS" at www.law.washington.edu/lta/swp/law/trademark.html)
  7. ^ The license change took place on 15 May 2006, when cdrtools-2.01.01a09 was released. (Source: AN-2.01.01a09)
  8. ^ "Various Licenses and Comments About Them - Common Development and Distribution License". Free Software Foundation. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
  9. ^ Jonathan Corbet. "cdrtools - a tale of two licenses". Retrieved 2007-08-04.
  10. ^ cdrtools may be distributed in source and/or binary form, as indicated in file "COPYING" of any recent source tarball, (e.g. COPYING for the current stable release).
  11. ^ See message 17 in bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/cdrtools/+bug/213215.
  12. ^ "#377109 - RM: cdrtools -- RoM: non-free, license problems - Debian Bug report logs". Retrieved 2007-08-04.
  13. ^ "Information for build cdrtools-2.01-11.fc7". Retrieved 2007-08-04. moved back to version 2.01 (last GPL version), due to incompatible license issues
  14. ^ "[Fedora-legal-list] Legal CD/DVD/BD writing software for RedHat and Fedora".
  15. ^ "Mandriva Cooker : The Inside Man V". Retrieved 2007-08-04.
  16. ^ "cdrkit (fork of cdrtools) uploaded to Debian, please test". Retrieved 2007-08-04.
  17. ^ "Minutes from the Technical Board meeting, 2008-08-26". Retrieved 2008-09-15.
  18. ^ libburnia is expected to replace cdrkit on those distributions that do not ship cdrtools. Source: cdrtools, cdrkit and cdrskin: Untying the knot.
  19. ^ In January 2012 former Debian Project Leader Steve McIntyre wrote : "I’m the primary maintainer of cdrkit at this point, but I’d prefer to have it go away. Xorriso and the associated software in libisoburn is almost capable of replacing all the aging cdrtools-derived software that we have in Debian, The only missing feature that I’m aware of is creating the HFS hybrid filesystems that we use for installations on Mac systems. I’ve been talking with the upstream folks about this for some time already, and I’m hoping we can finish this soon enough that we can get it into Wheezy." Source: McIntyre, Steve (13 January 2012). "People Behind Debian: Steve McIntyre, debian-cd maintainer, former Debian Project Leader". Retrieved 2014-02-02. As of January 2014 this did not happen yet, and Wheezy was released in May 2013[1] with cdrkit.
  20. ^ a b mkisofs(8) man page.
  21. ^ a b cdrecord(1) man page.
  22. ^ readcd(1) man page.
  23. ^ a b cdda2wav(1) man page.
  24. ^ a b genisoimage man page.
  25. ^ a b wodim man page.
  26. ^ readom man page.
  27. ^ a b icedax man page.
  28. ^ a b xorriso(1) man page.
  29. ^ a b c cdrskin(1) man page.
  30. ^ Recent releases of cdrtools compiles from source code on most architectures of most operating systems, as shown in section #Compatible operating systems
  31. ^ Most GNU/Linux distributions stopped distributing cdrtools after the license change. See section #The licensing issue. However, during the past years some GNU/Linux distributions did restart shipping cdrtools.
  32. ^ The changelogs credit no contributions by the other authors other than Joerg Schiling since the release of cdrtool 3.00, but state e.g. "Heiko did not work on cdda2wav since September 2004"
  33. ^ Libburina homepage, as updated on December 12, 2013.
  34. ^ a b Support for capability-based security was added on 22 April 2013 with the release of cdrtools 3.01a14. (Source: AN-3.01a14)
  35. ^ No support for hidden tracks and other features introduced since 2004
  36. ^ Snippet from the genisoimage man page: «UDF support is currently in alpha status and for this reason, it is not possible to create UDF-only images. UDF data structures are currently coupled to the Joliet structures, so there are many pitfalls with the current implementation. There is no UID/GID support, there is no POSIX permission support, there is no support for symlinks.»
  37. ^ «xorriso does not produce UDF filesystems which are specified for official video DVD or BD.» Source: xorriso overview and xorriso(1) man page.
  38. ^ genisoimage is compliant with Rock Ridge version 1.10 (producing the "RRIP_1991A" signature) but not with version 1.12, which has a "IEEE_1282" signature and embeds file serial numbers in the "PX" SUSP tags.
  39. ^ The time stamp granularity with Rock Ridge extensions in mkisofs is 1 centi-second with the "-long-rr-time" option (enabled by default), and 1 second with the "-short-rr-time" option. The "-long-rr-time" option appeared with cdrtools 3.01a01 on 24 November 2010 (see AN-3.01a01). Warning: Linux systems can not handle sub-second time stamp granularity in Rock Ridge extensions and show 1 January 1970. This is why Linux users creating iso images with Rock Ridge extensions but without an UDF filesystem are advised to use the "-short-rr-time" option.
  40. ^ The time stamp granularity in UDF filesystems created with mkisofs is 1 microsecond.
  41. ^ Support for all three Unix times for Rock Ridge extensions was already available in mkisofs 1.11 which was shipped with cdrecord 1.5a1 on 22 June 1997. (Source: lines 376 to 380 of file cdrecord-1.5/mkisofs-1.11/rock.c of archive cdrecord-1.5a1.tar.gz)
  42. ^ Support for all three Unix times for UDF was added to cdrtools 3.01a13 on 26 February 2013. (Source: AN-3.01a13)
  43. ^ Support for all three Unix times in genisoimage is only available for Rock Ridge.
  44. ^ Support for all three Unix times in xorriso is only available for Rock Ridge because xorriso does not create UDF filesystems.
  45. ^ EFI boot support in mkisofs is available with the "-eltorito-platform efi" option.
  46. ^ EFI boot support in genisoimage is available for Fedora/RHEL/CentOS (with an -E option). But it is missing in the non modified genisoimage.
  47. ^ Although jigdo is a very usefull tool, the lack of built-in support for it in mkisofs is not a big issue since most users who create jigdo files already know how to use the stand-alone jigdo-file command.
  48. ^ An external POSIX-compliant find command can of course be used with genisoimage, but if the length of its output exceeds the maximum command line lengh, then genisoimage will not get the complete list of files.
  49. ^ The -find option of xorriso is not POSIX-compliant and its syntax is very different from that of the find Unix command.
  50. ^ Error control in mkisofs may be specified with the "errctl=" option.
  51. ^ icedax is not installed with setuid access rights and as a result can only use functions that are available to unpriviledged users. This prevents vendor specific commands that deliver better DAE quality in edge cases.
  52. ^ But using an outdated version of libparanoia that does not work well with todays drives
  53. ^ No support for hidden tracks and other features introduced since 2004
  54. ^ a b c Support for SunOS-4.1.3 or later, Solaris 2.3 or later and Linux were already present in cdrecord 1.04 which was released on 23 May 1997. (Source: file AN-1.4 of archive cdrecord-1.5a1.tar.gz)
  55. ^ Support for FreeBSD was added on 5 July 1997 to cdrecord-1.5a3. (Source: AN-1.5a3)
  56. ^ a b c d e cdrecord 1.05, released on 15 September 1997, was the first stable release to support *BSD (FreeBSD, NetBSD and OpenBSD), IRIX and HP-UX.(Source: AN-1.05)
  57. ^ a b Support for NetBSD and OpenBSD was added on 8 July 1997 to cdrecord-1.5a4. (Source: AN-1.5a4)
  58. ^ Support for IRIX was added on 26 August 1997 to cdrecord-1.5a6. (Source: AN-1.5a6)
  59. ^ Support for HP-UX was added on 1 September 1997 to cdrecord-1.5a7. (Source: AN-1.5a7)
  60. ^ Support for AIX was added on 29 November 1997 to cdrecord 1.6a7. (Source: AN-1.6a7)
  61. ^ First Apple Rhapsody support (binary only) added on 8 February 1998 to cdrecord 1.6a8. (Source: AN-1.6a8)
  62. ^ a b c Support for Apple Rhapsody, OS X and NeXTSTEP was added on 16 September 1999 to cdrecord 1.8a28. (Source: AN-1.8a28)
  63. ^ a b c d e f g cdrecord 1.08, released on 28 January 2000, was the first stable release to support OS/2, BeOS, SCO OpenServer, Apple Rhapsody, Mac OS X, NeXTSTEP and QNX. The QNX port, however, does not yet have SCSI transport. (Source: AN-1.08)
  64. ^ Support for BSD/OS was added on 23 August 1998 to cdrecord 1.6.1a1 with a new SCSI transport code. (Source: AN-1.6.1a1)
  65. ^ cdrecord compiles on Windows NT with Cygwin since 23 August 1998. (Source: AN-1.6.1a2)
  66. ^ a b Support for Windows NT/9x and SCO OpenServer was added to cdrtools/cdrecord 1.8a22 on 13 May 1999 and also works on newer releases of Windows NT. (Source: AN-1.8a22)
  67. ^ cdrtools builds without any patch on Windows with MinGW since 4 January 2014. (Source: AN-3.01a21).
  68. ^ Support for OSF-1 was added on 6 October 1998 to cdrecord 1.6.1a4. (Source: AN-1.6.1a4)
  69. ^ Support for OS/2 was initiated on 22 November 1998 with cdrecord 1.8a11. (Source: AN-1.8a11)
  70. ^ Support for BeOS was added on 6 December 1998 to cdrecord 1.8a14. (Source: AN-1.8a14)
  71. ^ Partial support for QNX (without SCSI transport code) was added on 7 January 2000 to cdrecord 1.8a39 (Source: AN-1.8a39)
  72. ^ Support for SCO UnixWare was added on 26 August 2000 to cdrecord 1.10a03 (Source: AN-1.10a03)
  73. ^ cdrtools builds without any patch on AmigaOS since 18 January 2002. (Source: AN-1.11a13)
  74. ^ Support for DOS/DJGPP was added on 10 December 2003 to cdrtools 2.01a20. (Source: AN-2.01a20)
  75. ^ Support for DragonFly BSD was added on 30 January 2006 to cdrtools 2.01.01a05. (Source: AN-2.01.01a05)
  76. ^ Support for Zeta was added on 9 February 2006 to cdrtools 2.01.01a06. (Source: AN-2.01.01a07)
  77. ^ Support for Atari MiNT was added on 25 December 2008 to cdrtools 2.01.01a54. (Source: AN-2.01.01a54)
  78. ^ a b Support for Haiku and Syllable was added on 9 March 2009 to cdrtools 2.01.01a58. (Source: AN-2.01.01a58)
  79. ^ Support for OpenVMS was added on 1 November 2009 to cdrtools 2.01.01a67. (Source: AN-2.01.01a67)
  80. ^ cdrtools builds without any patch on Debian GNU/kFreeBSD since 15 August 2012. (Source: AN-3.01a08)
  81. ^ Schilling, Jörg (18 May 2010). "cdrtools 3.00 release announcement". Retrieved 2010-05-18.
  82. ^ Schilling, Jörg (2 June 2010). "cdrtools 3.00 release notes". Retrieved 2010-06-02.
  83. ^ Support for Blu-ray Discs was added on 4 July 2007 to cdrtools 2.01.01a29. (Source: AN-2.01.01a29)

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cdrtools&oldid=593993072"