Challenge (TV channel) and Osamu Shimomura: Difference between pages

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{{Current related|article|Nobel Prize in Chemistry|date=October 2008}}
{{otheruses}}
{{Infobox TV channel|
name = Challenge|
logosize = 250px
logofile = Challengelogo.gif|
launch = [[1 September]] [[1993]]|
share = 0.2% (0.1% for +1)<br>|
share as of = June 2007 |
share source = [http://www.barb.co.uk/viewingsummary/monthreports.cfm?report=monthgmulti]|
owner = [[Virgin Media Television]]|
picture format = [[16:9]], [[576i]] ([[SDTV]]) |
sister names = Challenge +1<br>[[Challenge Jackpot]]|
former names = The Family Channel<br>(1993 - 1997)<br>Challenge TV<br>(1997 - 2002)<br>Challenge?<br>(2002 - 2003)|
web = [http://www.challenge.co.uk/ www.challenge.co.uk]|
sat serv 1 = [[Sky Digital (UK & Ireland)|Sky Digital]]|
sat chan 1 = Channel 125<br>Channel 152 (+1)|
cable serv 1 = [[Virgin Media]]<br>|
cable chan 1 = Channel 152<br>Channel 153 (+1)|
cable serv 2 = [[WightCable]]|
cable chan 2 = Channel 42/115|
|}}


{{Infobox Scientist
'''Challenge''' is a [[United Kingdom|British]] digital TV channel owned by [[Virgin Media Television]]. It was originally called ''The Family Channel'' but was later re-branded as ''Challenge TV''. In 2002 the channel was again re-named but as just ''Challenge''. The channel shows [[game show|gameshows]] and quiz programmes taken from a variety of sources. Most are repeats of programmes acquired from terrestrial channel archives, but a few are original productions commissioned by Challenge itself.
|box_width =
|name = 下村 脩 <br/>Shimomura Osamu
|image = Replace this image male.svg
|image_size =
|caption =
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1928|8|27}}
|birth_place = [[Kyoto]], [[Japan]]
|death_date =
|death_place =
|residence =
|citizenship =
|nationality = Japan<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nndb.com/people/626/000173107/ |title=Osamu Shimomura |publisher=Nndb.com |date= |accessdate=2008-10-10}}</ref>
|ethnicity =
|fields =
|workplaces = [[Boston University Medical School]]<br/>[[Marine Biological Laboratory]]
|alma_mater = [[Nagasaki University]] <br /> [[Nagoya University]]
|doctoral_advisor =
|academic_advisors =
|doctoral_students =
|notable_students =
|known_for =
|author_abbrev_bot =
|author_abbrev_zoo =
|influences =
|influenced =
|awards =
|religion =
|signature = <!--(filename only)-->
|footnotes =
}}
{{nihongo|'''Osamu Shimomura'''|下村 脩|Shimomura Osamu|born August 27, 1928}} is a [[Japanese]]<ref name="nobel">[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2008/press.html The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008]</ref><ref>[http://www.newsdesk.se/pressroom/kungliga_vetenskapsakademien__kva/pressrelease/view/the-nobel-prize-in-chemistry-2008-243710 The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008]</ref><ref>[http://www.asahi.com/national/update/1009/TKY200810090091.html 「やり始めたら、やめたらダメよ」下村さん、子たちへ]([[Asahi Shimbun]]) He doesn't have an american nationality. Shimomura said "I'm Japanese. I don't think I need to be an American."[http://translate.google.co.jp/translate?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asahi.com%2Fnational%2Fupdate%2F1009%2FTKY200810090091.html&hl=ja&ie=UTF-8&sl=ja&tl=en Google translate]</ref> organic chemist/scientist and [[marine biologist]].{{Fact|date=October 2008}} He holds a [[Honourary Ph.D.]] in [[organic chemistry]] from [[Nagoya University]] and is [[Professor Emeritus]] at [[Marine Biological Laboratory]] (MBL) in [[Woods Hole, Massachusetts]] and [[Boston University Medical School]]. He was awarded the [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] in 2008 for his discovery and development of [[green fluorescent protein]] (GFP) with two American scientists: [[Martin Chalfie]] of Columbia University and [[Roger Y. Tsien|Roger Tsien]] of the University of California-San Diego.


==Early life==
The channel also has interactive features for digital cable and satellite viewers watching certain shows, enabling them to play along at home. The service also offers a large selection of games and competitions.
Born in [[Fukuchiyama, Kyoto|Fukuchiyama]], [[Kyoto Prefecture]], [[Japan]] in 1928, Shimomura was brought up in [[Manchuria]] and [[Osaka]] where his father, an army officer, was serving the Japanese Military Regime. Later, his family moved to [[Isahaya, Nagasaki]]. He was a first-hand witness of the [[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki#Nagasaki|atomic bombing of Nagasaki]] by the [[United States]] in 1945 and overcame great odds in the following 11 years to gain an education and achieve academic success. <ref>[http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/PIEAGL.html Aglow in the Dark: The Revolutionary Science of Biofluorescence]</ref>
His education was interruped by the devastation caused by the failure of Japan's invain attempt to conque Asia during WWII. In 1956,<ref>[http://www.boston.com/news/local/breaking_news/2008/10/woods_hole_cell.html Woods Hole cell biologist wins Nobel Prize] </ref> he found employment as an assistant to Professor Yoshimasa Hirata at [[Nagoya University]]. It was while working for Professor Hirata that he was assigned to a daunting task of finding out what made the crushed remains of a type of [[mollusc]] (Jap. ''umi-hotaru'', lit. "[[sea-firefly]]", ''Vargula hilgendorfii'') glow when moistened with water. This led Shimomura to identify the protein behind this and he published the findings in the [[Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan]] in a paper entitled ''Crystalline Cypridina luciferin''. which caught the attention of Professor Frank Johnson at Princeton University. Frank Johnson successfully recruited Shimomura to work with him. Before Shimomura left Nagoya University, Professor Hirata ensured that Shimomura's accomplishments were aptly recognized by getting the University to honour him by awarding a honourary PhD degree.


==Study==
As of the [[3 June]] [[2008]], Challenge switched to widescreen broadcasting, along with all other [[Virgin Media Television]] channels. This was coupled with a revamped logo.
Dr. Shimomura worked in the Department of Biology at Princeton where he worked with Frank Johnson to study the Jellyfish<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/main/news/archive/S22/34/86O07/index.xml?section=topstories Nobel goes to former Princeton researcher for discovery made here]</ref> [[Aequorea victoria]].
Their work culminated in the discovery of the proteins [[aequorin]] and [[green fluorescent protein]] (GFP); the work for which he was awarded the Nobel prize in Chemistry in 2008.


==Family==
== Spinoff channels ==
His wife, Akemi, whom Shimomura met at [[Nagasaki University]], is also an organic chemist and a partner in his research activities. Their son, [[Tsutomu Shimomura]], is a computer security expert who was involved in the arrest of [[Kevin Mitnick]]. Their daughter, Sachi Shimomura, is Director of Undergraduate Studies for the English Department at [[Virginia Commonwealth University]] and the author of ''Odd Bodies and Visible Ends in Medieval Literature.''
=== Player ===
:''See also: [[Bravo 2]]''
On [[2 March]] [[2006]], Challenge's parent company Flextech Television (now Virgin Media Television) launched a new channel called Player. Previously Challenge had aired a late-night block under the Player name (featuring gambling programmes such as ''[[Celebrity Poker Club]]'', ''[[Casino Casino]]'' and the ''[[World Poker Tour]]''), which was a great success. {{Fact|article|date=February 2007}} The new full-time Player channel used the same ident as Challenge's Player strand but in a different colour (from red to yellow). In September that same year, the channel was rebranded as ''[[Bravo 2]]'' and has become a sister channel of ''[[Bravo (television channel)|Bravo]]'' rather than Challenge.


==Awards==
=== Challenge Jackpot ===
* Pearse Prize (2004)
:''See also: [[Challenge Jackpot]]''
* Emile Chamot Award (2005)
Another spinoff channel called 'Challenge Jackpot' launched exclusively on [[Virgin Media|Virgin Media's]] TV service on [[1 July]] [[2008]]. The channel shows interactive quizzes which viewers can play along with. It is simulcast overnight on [[Virgin 1]] and [[Bravo 2]] for those who can't receive Challenge Jackpot.
* Asahi Prize (2006)
* Nobel Prize (2008)
<!--
==Publications==
*
* -->
==Sources==
*[http://wixade.com/science/261/nobel-prize-in-chemistry-2008.html Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 2008]
*[http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/PIEAGL.html Aglow in the Dark: The Revolutionary Science of Biofluorescence -Harvard University Press]


==References==
== Current and former programming ==
{{reflist}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name of game show !! Original channel that aired !! Original dates of game shows so far aired by The Family Channel/Challenge !! When aired by The Family Channel/Challenge
|-
| [[Absolute Cobblers]] || '''Challenge TV''' || 1999 || 1999
|-
| [[All Clued Up]] || [[ITV]] || || 1997 - 1998
|-
| [[Auntie's Bloomers]] || [[BBC1]] || || 2008 - present
|-
| [[Banzai (television show)|Banzai]] || [[E4 (channel)|E4]] || 2001 - 2002 || 2006 - present
|-
| [[Bargain Hunters]] || [[ITV]] || ||
|-
| [[Battle Dome]] || [[Broadcast syndication|Syndication]] (USA) || 1999 - 2001 ||
|-
| [[Beadle's About]] || [[ITV]] || 1986 - 1996 || 1999 - 2007
|-
| [[Better Gardens]] || [[ITV]] || 2000 - 2002 || 2004 - 2005
|-
| [[Better Homes]] || [[ITV]] || 1999 - 2002 || 2004 - 2005
|-
| [[Big Break]] || [[BBC1]] || 1991 - 1992 || 2006 - 2008
|-
| [[Blankety Blank]] || [[BBC1]]/[[ITV]] || 1984 - 2002 || 2000 - 2007
|-
| [[Blind Date (UK TV series)|Blind Date]] || [[ITV]] || 1993 - 1995 || 2006
|-
| [[Blockbusters (UK game show)|Blockbusters]] || [[ITV]] || 1991 - 1992 || 1997 - 2006
|-
| [[Bootsale Challenge]] || [[ITV]] || ||
|-
| [[Britain's Worst]] || [[Five]] || 2002 - 2005 || 2008 - present
|-
| [[The Price Is Right (UK game show)|Bruce's Price Is Right]] || [[ITV]] || 1995 - 2001 || 2002 - present
|-
| [[Bullseye (UK game show)|Bullseye]] || [[ITV]]/'''Challenge''' || 1984 - 2006 || 2004 - present
|-
| [[Can't Cook, Won't Cook]] || [[BBC One]] || 1999 || 2008 - present
|-
| [[Cash Cab]] || [[ITV]] || 2005 - 2006 || 2007 - 2008
|-
| [[Catchphrase (game show)|Catchphrase]] || [[ITV]] || 1986 - 2001 || 1997 - present
|-
| [[Celebrity Addicts]] || '''Challenge''' || 2003 || 2003 - 2006
|-
| [[Ready Steady Cook|Celebrity Ready Steady Cook]] || [[BBC One]] || 2000 - 2001 || 2008 - present
|-
| [[Celebrity Squares]] || [[ITV]] || 1993 - 1994 || 2000 - 2007
|-
| [[Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?|Classic Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?]] || [[ITV]] || 1998 - present || 2003 - present
|-
| [[Concentration (game show)|Concentration]] || [[ITV]]/'''The Family Channel''' || ||
|-
| [[Crackerjack]] || [[CBBC|Children's BBC]] || 1983 || 2002 - 2003
|-
| [[Criss Cross Quiz]] || [[ITV]] || ||
|-
| [[Crosswits]] || [[ITV]] || 1991 - 1992 || 1998 - 2000
|-
| [[Dale's Supermarket Sweep]] || [[ITV]] || 1998 - 1999 || 2005 - present
|-
| [[Defectors (game show)|Defectors]] || '''Challenge TV''' || 2001 - 2002 || 2001 - 2008
|-
| [[Distraction (game show)|Distraction (UK)]] || [[Channel 4]] || 2003 - 2004 || 2007 - present
|-
| Distraction (US) || [[Comedy Central]] (USA) || 2005 - 2006 || 2007 - present
|-
| [[Dog Eat Dog (game show)|Dog Eat Dog]] || [[BBC One]] || 2001 || 2004 - 2008
|-
| [[Don't Try This at Home (TV series)|Don’t Try This At Home!]] || [[ITV]] || 1998 - 2000 || 2003 - 2008
|-
| [[Drunken Businessmen]] || '''Challenge''' || 2003 || 2003 - 2005
|-
| [[Eggheads]] || [[BBC One]]/[[BBC Two]] || 2003 - 2006 || 2006 - 2008
|-
| [[8 Out Of 10 Cats]] || [[Channel 4]] || 2005 - 2006 || 2007 - present
|-
| [[Endurance UK]] || '''Challenge TV''' || 1997 - 1998 || 1997 - 1998
|-
| [[Extreme Dodgeball]] || [[GSN]] (USA) || 2004 ||
|-
| [[Extreme Endurance]] || '''Challenge''' || 2003 - 2004 || 2003 - 2004
|-
| [[Family Catchphrase]] || '''The Family Channel''' || 1994 || 1994 - 2008
|-
| [[Family Fortunes]] || [[ITV]] || 1983 - 2002 || 1997 - present
|-
| [[Fear Factor|Fear Factor (US)]] || [[NBC]] (USA) || 2004 - 2005 || 2006 - 2008
|-
| Fear Factor (UK) || [[Sky One]] || 2002 - 2004 ||
|-
| Fear Factor (South Africa) || [[M-Net]] (South Africa) || ||
|-
| [[15 to 1]] || [[Channel 4]] || 1991 - 2003 || 1997 - present
|-
| [[Fort Boyard (TV series)|Fort Boyard]] || [[Five (channel)|Channel 5]]/'''Challenge?''' || 1998 - 2003 || 2003 - 2006
|-
| [[Fort Boyard Takes On The World]] || '''Challenge''' || 2005 - 2006 || 2005 - 2008
|-
| [[Friends Like These]] || [[BBC One]] || 1999 - 2000 || 2005 - 2006
|-
| [[Game Central]] || '''Challenge TV''' || 2002 || 2002
|-
| [[Gameshow Gold]] || '''Challenge''' || 2006 - present || 2006 - present
|-
| [[GamesMaster]] || [[Channel 4]] || 1992 || 2003
|-
| [[Give Us a Clue]] || [[ITV]] || || 1998 - 2002
|-
| [[Gladiators (UK TV series)|Gladiators]] || [[ITV]] || 1992 - 1998 || 1999 - present
|-
| [[Glory Ball]] || '''Challenge''' || 2005 || 2005
|-
| [[Going for Gold]] || [[BBC1]] || 1987 - 1989 || 2002 - 2007
|-
| [[Going Straight]] || || ||
|-
| [[Hot Property]] || [[Five (channel)|Channel 5]] || 1997 - 2003 || 1999 - 2005
|-
| [[House of Games (game show)|House Of Games]] || '''Challenge''' || 2004 || 2004
|-
| [[I Dare You: The Ultimate Challenge|I Dare You]] || [[UPN]] (USA) || 2000 ||
|-
| [[Ice Warriors]] || [[ITV]] || 1998 || 2002 - 2004
|-
| [[I'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here!| I'm A Celebrity...Get Me Out Of Here! (US)]] || [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] (USA) || 2003 ||
|-
| [[Interceptor (TV series)|Interceptor]] || [[ITV]] || 1989 - 1990 || 2001 - 2004
|-
| [[iPlay]] || '''Challenge TV''' || 2000 - 2002 || 2000 - 2002
|-
| [[It's a Knockout]] || [[BBC1]]/[[Five (channel)|Channel 5]] || 1981 - 2000 || 2001 - 2008
|-
| [[It's Not What You Know (game show)|It's Not What You Know]] || '''Challenge''' || 2008 - present || 2008 - present
|-
| [[Iron Chef]] || [[Fuji Television|Fuji TV]] (Japan) || || 2002 - 2003
|-
| [[Karaoke Challenge]] || '''Challenge TV''' || 1997 || 1997
|-
| [[Kenny vs. Spenny]] || [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|CBC]]/[[Showcase (TV channel)|Showcase]] (Canada) || ||
|-
| [[Knightmare]] || [[CITV]] || 1987 - 1994 || 2002 - 2007
|-
| [[The Generation Game|Larry Grayson’s Generation Game]] || [[BBC1]] || 1978 - 1980 || 2005 - 2008
|-
| [[Les Dennis's Home Video Heroes]] || '''Challenge''' || 2008 - present || 2008 - present
|-
| [[Mastermind (TV series)|Mastermind]] || [[BBC Two]] || 2003 || 2007
|-
| [[Merv Griffin's Crosswords]] || [[Broadcast syndication|Syndication]] (USA) || 2007 || 2008
|-
| [[Monkey Business]] || '''Challenge?''' || 2003 || 2003
|-
| [[Move On Up]] || [[Five (channel)|Channel 5]] || 1997 ||
|-
| [[Murder In Small Town X]] || [[FOX]] (USA) || 2001 ||
|-
| [[MXC]] || [[Spike (TV channel)|Spike]] (USA) || ||
|-
| [[Mystic Challenge]] || [[Living]] || 2002 ||
|-
| [[Name That Tune]] || [[ITV]] || || 1998 - 2002
|-
| [[Night Fever]] || [[Five (channel)|Channel 5]] || ||
|-
| [[Sasuke (TV series)|Ninja Warrior]]/[[Kunoichi (TV series)|Women Of Ninja Warrior]] || [[Tokyo Broadcasting System|TBS]] (Japan) || 1997 - present || 2007 - present
|-
| [[Nortonland]] || '''Challenge''' || 2007 || 2007
|-
| [[Password (TV series)|Password]] || [[ITV]] || ||
|-
| [[Play Your Cards Right]] || [[ITV]] || 1996 - 2003 || 2002 - present
|-
| [[Prize Time]] || '''Challenge TV''' || 1997 - 1998 || 1997 - 1998
|-
| [[100% (game show)|100%]] || [[Five (channel)|Channel 5]] || 1997 - 2001 || 1997 - 2003
|-
| [[1 vs. 100]] || [[BBC One]] || 2006 - 2007 || 2008 - present
|-
| [[Robot Wars (television show)|Robot Wars]] || [[BBC Two]] || 1999 - 2001 || 2007 - 2008
|-
| [[RollerJam]] || [[Spike (TV channel)|Spike]] (USA) || 1999 - 2001 || 2006 - 2008
|-
| [[Roll with It (game show)|Roll with It]] || '''The Family Channel''' || 1995 || 1995
|-
| [[Sale of the Century (UK game show)|Sale of the Century]] || [[ITV]]/'''Challenge TV''' || 1980 - 1997 || 1997 - 2006
|-
| [[Say The Word]] || '''Challenge TV''' || 1997 || 1997 - 2008
|-
| [[Second Guess]] || '''The Family Channel''' || 1993 - 1994 || 1993 - 1994
|-
| [[Showbiz Darts]] || '''Challenge''' || 2006 || 2006 - 2007
|-
| [[Shooting Stars]] || [[BBC Two]] || 2002 || 2008 - present
|-
| [[Small Talk (UK game show)|Small Talk]] || [[BBC1]] || 1994 - 1996 || 2008 - present
|-
| [[So You Think You Can Dance]] || [[FOX]] (USA) || 2006 ||
|-
| [[Soap Addicts]] || '''Challenge''' || 2002 - 2003 || 2002 - 2006
|-
| [[Split Second]] || '''Challenge TV''' || 1997 - 1998 || 1997 - 1999
|-
| [[Sport Addicts]] || '''Challenge?/Challenge''' || 2002 || 2002 - 2004
|-
| [[Stake Out]] || '''Challenge TV''' || 2001 || 2001 - 2008
|-
| [[Stars In Their Eyes]] || [[ITV]] || 1990 - 2000 || 1999 - present
|-
| [[Sticky Moments]] || [[Channel 4]] || || 1998 - 2000
|-
| [[Strike It Lucky]] || [[ITV]] || 1986 - 1994 || 1997 - 2002
|-
| Strike It Rich || [[ITV]] || 1996 - 1999 || 2002 - present
|-
| [[Surprise Chefs]] || [[ITV]] || ||
|-
| [[Sushi TV]] || '''Challenge''' || 2003 - 2004 || 2003 - 2004
|-
| [[SWAG (TV series)|SWAG]] || [[Five (channel)|Five]] || ||
|-
| [[Take It Or Leave It (game show)|Take It Or Leave It]] || '''Challenge''' || 2006 - present || 2006 - present
|-
| [[Take Your Pick]] || [[ITV]] || 1992 - 1997 || 2008 - present
|-
| [[Takeshi's Castle]] || [[Tokyo Broadcasting System|TBS]] (Japan) || 1986 - 1990 || 2002 - present
|-
| [[Telly Addicts]] || [[BBC1]] || 1990 - 1995 || 2000 - 2003
|-
| [[That's The Question]] || '''Challenge''' || 2007 || 2007
|-
| [[The $64,000 Question]] || [[ITV]] || ||
|-
| [[The Adventure Game]] || [[BBC2]] || 1986 || 2002 - 2004
|-
| [[The Amazing Race (U.S. TV series)|The Amazing Race]] || [[CBS]] (USA) || ||
|-
| [[The Cooler]] || '''Challenge TV''' || 1998 || 1998
|-
| [[The Crystal Maze]] || [[Channel 4]] || 1990 - 1995 || 1998 - present
|-
| [[The Desert Forges]] || [[Five (channel)|Channel 5]] || 2000 ||
|-
| [[The Games Room]] || '''Challenge TV''' || 1999 || 1999
|-
| [[The Golden Shot]] || [[ITV]] || 1967 - 1974 || 2003 - 2006
|-
| [[The Heat Is On]] || [[ITV]] || ||
|-
| [[The Krypton Factor]] || [[ITV]] || 1987 - 1993 || 1999 - present
|-
| [[The Mole (US TV series)|The Mole (US)]] || [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] (USA) || 2001 - 2003 ||
|-
| [[The Moment of Truth (UK game show)|The Moment Of Truth]] || [[ITV]] || 1998 - 1999 || 2003 - 2008
|-
| [[The People Versus]] || [[ITV]] || 2001 - 2002 || 2007 - 2008
|-
| [[The Pyramid Game]] || '''Challenge''' || 2007 || 2007 - present
|-
| [[The Weakest Link (UK game show)|The Weakest Link (UK)]] || [[BBC One]]/[[BBC Two]] || 2000 - 2003 || 2007 - present
|-
| [[Weakest Link (US game show)|The Weakest Link (US)]] || [[NBC]] (USA) || 2001 - 2002 || 2005
|-
| [[3-2-1]] || [[ITV]] || 1978 - 1987 || 1997 - 2008
|-
| [[Through the Keyhole]] || [[ITV]] || || 1998 - 2000
|-
| [[Totally Top Trumps]] || '''Challenge''' || 2004 || 2004
|-
| [[Treasure Hunt (UK game show)|Treasure Hunt]] || [[Channel 4]] || 1983 - 1989 || 1999 - 2003
|-
| [[Trivial Pursuit (UK game show)|Trivial Pursuit]] || '''The Family Channel''' || 1993 - 1994 || 1993 - 2008
|-
| [[TV's Bloopers & Practical Jokes]] || [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] (USA) || ||
|-
| [[TV Scrabble]] || '''Challenge TV''' || 2001 - 2003 || 2001 - 2008
|-
| [[Under Offer]] || [[ITV]] || 1998 - 2000 || 2001 - 2004
|-
| [[Under Pressure]] || [[Five (channel)|Channel 5]] || 2001 || 2001 - 2002
|-
| [[Kinniku Banzuke|Unbeatable Banzuke]] || [[Tokyo Broadcasting System|TBS]] (Japan) || || 2008 - present
|-
| [[What's My Line?]] || [[ITV]] || ||
|-
| [[Wheel of Fortune (UK game show)|Wheel Of Fortune]] || [[ITV]] || 1995 - 2000 || 2002 - present
|-
| [[Whittle (UK game show)|Whittle]] || [[Five (channel)|Channel 5]] || 1997 - 1998 ||
|-
| [[Who Dares Wins]] || || ||
|-
| [[Who's Sorry Now?]] || || ||
|-
| [[Whose Line Is It Anyway?|Whose Line Is It Anyway? (US)]] || [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] (USA) || 1998 - 2003 || 2005
|-
| [[Win, Lose or Draw (UK game show)|Win, Lose Or Draw]] || [[ITV]] || 1998 || 2007 - 2008
|-
| [[Winner Takes All (game show)|Winner Takes All]] || [[ITV]]/'''Challenge TV''' || 1978 - 1997 || 1997 - 2004
|-
| [[Wipeout (1988 game show)|Wipeout]] || [[BBC1]] || 1994 - 1997 || 2008 - present
|-
| [[Without Prejudice?]] || [[Channel 4]] || 2003 ||
|-
| [[You Bet!]] || [[ITV]] || 1993 - 1997 || 2002 - 2006
|-
| [[Your Face or Mine?]] || [[Channel 4]] || 2002 || 2008 - present
|}


{{Nobel Prize in Chemistry Laureates 2001-2025}}
== Future programming ==
<!-- These have been confirmed by the Challenge forums, please do NOT remove or add anything unless they've been confirmed by the Challenge forums. -->
* 8 out of 10 cats (Series 3) (Starts 13th October 2008)
* Interceptor (Starts Janruary/February 2009)
* Les Dennis's Home Video Heroes (Series 2) (Starts 13th October 2008)
* Supermarket Sweep (2007 Series) (Starts 2009)
* Wipeout (Bob Monkhouse editions) (Starts 17th November 2008)


{{DEFAULTSORT:Shimomura, Osamu}}
== External links ==
[[Category:Japanese chemists]]
*[http://www.challenge.co.uk challenge.co.uk]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1928 births]]
[[Category:People from Kyoto Prefecture]]
[[Category:Nobel laureates in Chemistry]]


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[[Category:Television channels in the United Kingdom]]
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[[fa:اسامو شیمومورا]]
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Revision as of 16:39, 10 October 2008

下村 脩
Shimomura Osamu
Born (1928-08-27) August 27, 1928 (age 95)
Kyoto, Japan
NationalityJapan[1]
Alma materNagasaki University
Nagoya University
Scientific career
InstitutionsBoston University Medical School
Marine Biological Laboratory

Osamu Shimomura (下村 脩, Shimomura Osamu, born August 27, 1928) is a Japanese[2][3][4] organic chemist/scientist and marine biologist.[citation needed] He holds a Honourary Ph.D. in organic chemistry from Nagoya University and is Professor Emeritus at Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) in Woods Hole, Massachusetts and Boston University Medical School. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2008 for his discovery and development of green fluorescent protein (GFP) with two American scientists: Martin Chalfie of Columbia University and Roger Tsien of the University of California-San Diego.

Early life

Born in Fukuchiyama, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan in 1928, Shimomura was brought up in Manchuria and Osaka where his father, an army officer, was serving the Japanese Military Regime. Later, his family moved to Isahaya, Nagasaki. He was a first-hand witness of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki by the United States in 1945 and overcame great odds in the following 11 years to gain an education and achieve academic success. [5] His education was interruped by the devastation caused by the failure of Japan's invain attempt to conque Asia during WWII. In 1956,[6] he found employment as an assistant to Professor Yoshimasa Hirata at Nagoya University. It was while working for Professor Hirata that he was assigned to a daunting task of finding out what made the crushed remains of a type of mollusc (Jap. umi-hotaru, lit. "sea-firefly", Vargula hilgendorfii) glow when moistened with water. This led Shimomura to identify the protein behind this and he published the findings in the Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan in a paper entitled Crystalline Cypridina luciferin. which caught the attention of Professor Frank Johnson at Princeton University. Frank Johnson successfully recruited Shimomura to work with him. Before Shimomura left Nagoya University, Professor Hirata ensured that Shimomura's accomplishments were aptly recognized by getting the University to honour him by awarding a honourary PhD degree.

Study

Dr. Shimomura worked in the Department of Biology at Princeton where he worked with Frank Johnson to study the Jellyfish[7] Aequorea victoria. Their work culminated in the discovery of the proteins aequorin and green fluorescent protein (GFP); the work for which he was awarded the Nobel prize in Chemistry in 2008.

Family

His wife, Akemi, whom Shimomura met at Nagasaki University, is also an organic chemist and a partner in his research activities. Their son, Tsutomu Shimomura, is a computer security expert who was involved in the arrest of Kevin Mitnick. Their daughter, Sachi Shimomura, is Director of Undergraduate Studies for the English Department at Virginia Commonwealth University and the author of Odd Bodies and Visible Ends in Medieval Literature.

Awards

  • Pearse Prize (2004)
  • Emile Chamot Award (2005)
  • Asahi Prize (2006)
  • Nobel Prize (2008)

Sources

References

  1. ^ "Osamu Shimomura". Nndb.com. Retrieved 2008-10-10.
  2. ^ The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008
  3. ^ The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008
  4. ^ 「やり始めたら、やめたらダメよ」下村さん、子たちへ(Asahi Shimbun) He doesn't have an american nationality. Shimomura said "I'm Japanese. I don't think I need to be an American."Google translate
  5. ^ Aglow in the Dark: The Revolutionary Science of Biofluorescence
  6. ^ Woods Hole cell biologist wins Nobel Prize
  7. ^ Nobel goes to former Princeton researcher for discovery made here
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