Entomopoxvirinae: Difference between revisions
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*''[[Betaentomopoxvirus]]'' |
*''[[Betaentomopoxvirus]]'' |
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*''[[Gammaentomopoxvirus]]'' |
*''[[Gammaentomopoxvirus]]'' |
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| ⚫ | '''''Entomopoxvirinae''''' is a subfamily of [[viruses]] , in the family [[Poxviridae]]. Insects, human, vertebrates, and and arthropods serve as natural hosts. There are currently 31 species in this subfamily, divided among 3 genera. Diseases associated with this subfamily include: impairment of motility and development.<ref name=ViralZone>{{cite web|title=Viral Zone|url=http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/173.html|publisher=ExPASy|accessdate=15 June 2015}}</ref><ref name=ICTV>{{cite web|last1=ICTV|title=Virus Taxonomy: 2014 Release|url=http://ictvonline.org/virusTaxonomy.asp|accessdate=15 June 2015}}</ref> |
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==Structure== |
==Structure== |
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The virions are generally [[Virus#Viral structure and anatomy|enveloped]] though the [[intracellular mature virion]] form of the virus, which contains a different envelope, is also infectious. They vary in their shape depending upon the species but are generally shaped like a brick or as an oval form similar to a rounded brick because they are wrapped by the endoplasmic reticulum. The virion is exceptionally large, around 250-380kb in length and the diameter is around 350 nm.<ref name=ViralZone /> It carries its [[genome]] in a single, linear, double-stranded segment of DNA.<ref>{{cite web|title=ICTVdb Descriptions: 58. Poxviridae|author=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses|date=2004-06-15|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/58000000.htm|accessdate=2005-02-26}}</ref> |
The virions are generally [[Virus#Viral structure and anatomy|enveloped]] though the [[intracellular mature virion]] form of the virus, which contains a different envelope, is also infectious. They vary in their shape depending upon the species but are generally shaped like a brick or as an oval form similar to a rounded brick because they are wrapped by the endoplasmic reticulum. The virion is exceptionally large, around 250-380kb in length and the diameter is around 350 nm.<ref name=ViralZone /> It carries its [[genome]] in a single, linear, double-stranded segment of DNA.<ref>{{cite web|title=ICTVdb Descriptions: 58. Poxviridae|author=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses|date=2004-06-15|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/58000000.htm|accessdate=2005-02-26}}</ref> |
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==Life Cycle== |
==Life Cycle== |
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Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral proteins to host glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) mediates endocytosis of the virus into the host cell. Fusion with the plasma membrane to release the core into the host cytoplasm. Early phase: early genes are transcribed in the cytoplasm by viral RNA polymerase. Early expression begins at 30 minutes post-infection. Core is completely uncoated as early expression ends, viral genome is now free in the cytoplasm. Intermediate phase: Intermediate genes are expressed, triggering genomic DNA replication at approximately 100 minutes post-infection. Late phase: Late genes are expressed from 140 min to 48 hours post-infection, producing all structural proteins. Assembly of progeny virions starts in cytoplasmic viral factories, producing an spherical immature particle. This virus particle matures into brick-shaped intracellular mature virion (IMV). IMV virion can be released upon cell lysis, or can acquire a second double membrane from trans-Golgi and bud as external enveloped virion (EEV). Mature virion can be occluded in spheroids composed of spheroidin proteinhost receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the DNA strand displacement model. Dna templated transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by existing in occlusion bodies after cell death and remaining infectious until finding another host. |
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral proteins to host glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) mediates endocytosis of the virus into the host cell. Fusion with the plasma membrane to release the core into the host cytoplasm. Early phase: early genes are transcribed in the cytoplasm by viral RNA polymerase. Early expression begins at 30 minutes post-infection. Core is completely uncoated as early expression ends, viral genome is now free in the cytoplasm. Intermediate phase: Intermediate genes are expressed, triggering genomic DNA replication at approximately 100 minutes post-infection. Late phase: Late genes are expressed from 140 min to 48 hours post-infection, producing all structural proteins. Assembly of progeny virions starts in cytoplasmic viral factories, producing an spherical immature particle. This virus particle matures into brick-shaped intracellular mature virion (IMV). IMV virion can be released upon cell lysis, or can acquire a second double membrane from trans-Golgi and bud as external enveloped virion (EEV). Mature virion can be occluded in spheroids composed of spheroidin proteinhost receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the DNA strand displacement model. Dna templated transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by existing in occlusion bodies after cell death and remaining infectious until finding another host. |
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Insects, human, vertebrates, and and arthropods serve as the natural host. |
Insects, human, vertebrates, and and arthropods serve as the natural host.<ref name=ViralZone /> |
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<ref name=ViralZone /> |
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{{Viruses}} |
{{Viruses}} |
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{{Baltimore classification}} |
{{Baltimore classification}} |
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[[Category:Entomopoxvirinae]] |
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[[Category:Poxviruses|*]] |
[[Category:Poxviruses|*]] |
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Revision as of 15:48, 26 June 2015
| Entomopoxvirinae | |
|---|---|
| Virus classification | |
| Group: | Group I (dsDNA)
|
| Family: | |
| Subfamily: | Entomopoxvirinae
|
| Genera | |
Entomopoxvirinae is a subfamily of viruses , in the family Poxviridae. Insects, human, vertebrates, and and arthropods serve as natural hosts. There are currently 31 species in this subfamily, divided among 3 genera. Diseases associated with this subfamily include: impairment of motility and development.[1][2]
Structure
The virions are generally enveloped though the intracellular mature virion form of the virus, which contains a different envelope, is also infectious. They vary in their shape depending upon the species but are generally shaped like a brick or as an oval form similar to a rounded brick because they are wrapped by the endoplasmic reticulum. The virion is exceptionally large, around 250-380kb in length and the diameter is around 350 nm.[1] It carries its genome in a single, linear, double-stranded segment of DNA.[3]
| Genus | Structure | Symmetry | Capsid | Genomic Arrangement | Genomic Segmentation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alphaentomopoxvirus | Ovoid | Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite | |
| Betaentomopoxvirus | Ovoid | Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite | |
| Unassigned | Head-Tail | T=16 | Non-Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
| Gammaentomopoxvirus | Ovoid | Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
Life Cycle
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral proteins to host glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) mediates endocytosis of the virus into the host cell. Fusion with the plasma membrane to release the core into the host cytoplasm. Early phase: early genes are transcribed in the cytoplasm by viral RNA polymerase. Early expression begins at 30 minutes post-infection. Core is completely uncoated as early expression ends, viral genome is now free in the cytoplasm. Intermediate phase: Intermediate genes are expressed, triggering genomic DNA replication at approximately 100 minutes post-infection. Late phase: Late genes are expressed from 140 min to 48 hours post-infection, producing all structural proteins. Assembly of progeny virions starts in cytoplasmic viral factories, producing an spherical immature particle. This virus particle matures into brick-shaped intracellular mature virion (IMV). IMV virion can be released upon cell lysis, or can acquire a second double membrane from trans-Golgi and bud as external enveloped virion (EEV). Mature virion can be occluded in spheroids composed of spheroidin proteinhost receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the DNA strand displacement model. Dna templated transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by existing in occlusion bodies after cell death and remaining infectious until finding another host. Insects, human, vertebrates, and and arthropods serve as the natural host.[1]
| Genus | Host Details | Tissue Tropism | Entry Details | Release Details | Replication Site | Assembly Site | Transmission |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alphaentomopoxvirus | Monkeys; baboons | None | Glycosaminoglycans | Lysis; budding; occlusion | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Contact; insects |
| Betaentomopoxvirus | Lepidoptera insects; orthoptera insects | Hemocytes; fat bodies | Glycosaminoglycans | Lysis; budding; occlusion | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Unknown |
| Unassigned | Bacteria | None | Injection | Lysis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
| Gammaentomopoxvirus | Insects | Hemocytes; fat bodies | Glycosaminoglycans | Lysis; budding; occlusion | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Unknown |
Taxonomy
The classification in this subfamily is based on the morphology, nucleic acid type, mode of replication, host organisms and the type of disease caused. Three genera in this subfamily are recognized. There are also a number of species that have not yet been assigned to a genus.
- The species of the genus Alphaentomopoxvirus infect beetles.
- The species of the genus Betaentomopoxvirus infect butterflies, moths, grasshoppers and locusts.
- The species of the genus Gammaentomopoxvirus infect flies and mosquitoes.
Group: dsDNA
- Family: Poxviridae
- Sub-Family: Entomopoxvirinae
- Genus: Betaentomopoxvirus
- Acrobasis zelleri entomopoxvirus
- Adoxophyes honmai entomopoxvirus
- Amsacta moorei entomopoxvirus
- Arphia conspersa entomopoxvirus
- Choristoneura biennis entomopoxvirus
- Choristoneura conflicta entomopoxvirus
- Choristoneura diversuma entomopoxvirus
- Choristoneura fumiferana entomopoxvirus
- Choristoneura rosaceana entomopoxvirus
- Chorizagrotis auxiliaris entomopoxvirus
- Heliothis armigera entomopoxvirus
- Locusta migratoria entomopoxvirus
- Mythimna separata entomopoxvirus
- Oedaleus senegalensis entomopoxvirus
- Operophtera brumata entomopoxvirus
- Schistocerca gregaria entomopoxvirus
- Genus: Unassigned
References
- ^ a b c "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
- ^ a b ICTV. "Virus Taxonomy: 2014 Release". Retrieved 15 June 2015.
- ^ International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2004-06-15). "ICTVdb Descriptions: 58. Poxviridae". Retrieved 2005-02-26.
External Links
| Components |  | |
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| Viral life cycle | ||
| Genetics | ||
| By host | ||
| Other | ||
