Scrooge McDuck

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A possible predecessor character from the short film The Spirit of '43

Dagobert Duck (often also Uncle Dagobert , nickname Bertel , in the English original Scrooge McDuck or Uncle Scrooge or $ crooge McDuck , Uncle $ crooge ; nickname Scroogey ) is an originally American cartoon character in the form of a duck . Carl Barks , the most influential draftsman of Duck family stories , invented the character in 1947; it is considered his most important creation. After Dagobert only occasionally appeared as a minor character in the stories about his nephew Donald Duck , Barks wrote more and more stories with Dagobert in the lead role in the 1950s and finally dedicated his own series of books to him. In addition to Barks, the comic artist Don Rosa made a decisive contribution to the development of the character by repeatedly making her the protagonist of his extensive stories and by dedicating a twelve-part biography to her from 1991 to 1994 entitled Uncle Dagobert - His Life, His Billions .

Today the figure is used by numerous Disney cartoonists and is known as the “richest duck in the world” for its extreme stinginess and its huge fortune, which it stores in a money store. In a Barks story, she introduces herself as "big banker, big industrialist, wholesaler" with the following slogan:

“Let me introduce myself! I'm Scrooge McDuck, Manufacturer, Shipper, Retailer, Financier, Bill Collector - Anything in trade, I'm it. "

“Allow me to introduce myself! I am Scrooge McDuck, a major banker, major industrialist, wholesaler. In short, you can buy anything from me. "

- $ crooge McDuck, in: Carl Barks: Micro-Ducks from Outer Space .

Development of the figure

Emergence

Its inventor Carl Barks had Dagobert Duck appear for the first time in the Christmas 1947 story Christmas on Bear Mountain , possibly based on an unnamed Scottish character from the Disney short film The Spirit of '43 who tries to prevent Donald from paying his money squander. Template was next to Ebenezer Scrooge, the main character from Charles Dickens A Christmas Carol (dt .: A Christmas Carol ), Uncle pumice from the comic series The Gumps .

His name in the English original, Scrooge McDuck , is accordingly composed of a “Scottish” variant of the surname Duck (alluding to the cliché of the stingy Scot ) and a part of the name of Ebenezer Scrooge. The translator Erika Fuchs borrowed his German first name from members of the Franconian royal family of the Merovingians of the same name .

Dagobert with Carl Barks

The Dagobert inventor Carl Barks

In Christmas on Bear Mountain , Dagobert was a supporting character "on which Barks hadn't wasted too much thought". His first appearance begins with the words:

"Here I sit in this big lonely dump, waiting for Christmas to pass! Bah! That silly season when everybody loves everybody else! A curse on it! Me - I'm different! Everybody hates me, and I hate everybody! "

"Here I am now, all alone, and Christmas is just around the corner! If only the hype was over! They call it "Festival of Love"! I just don't like it! "

- Scrooge McDuck, in: Carl Barks: Christmas on Bear Mountain .

Dagobert was a cliché figure: “A grim misanthropist”, “a rich, unfriendly elderly relative” who “was to be purified for the festival.” Barks himself later confessed:

"Scrooge in Christmas on Bear Mountain was only my first idea of ​​a rich, old uncle. I had made him too old and too weak. I discovered later on that I had to make him more active. "

“Dagobert in The Test of Courage was just my first idea from a rich old uncle. I had made him too old and weak. I later realized that I had to make it more active. "

- Carl Barks.

Nevertheless, Dagobert initially retained the role of the "unscrupulous, inhuman big capitalist", the "scoundrel [s] and villain [s] who does not shy away from illegal fundraising." Known as the richest duck in the world since his third appearance, he entered until 1950 only appeared as a minor character in 15 stories; only then did Barks begin to use the figure more often. After Barks had successfully tested in 1952 with the story Only A Poor Old Man , which Dagobert quickly turned into a myth, whether readers would also accept Dagobert as the main character, he finally made him the protagonist of the Uncle Scrooge series of magazines named after him in 1953 - and "reinvented" it, according to Don Rosa.

With the sharp increase in the figure's appearances, two significant developments went hand in hand. For one thing, Dagobert seemed to get younger and younger over time - and always friendlier. He mutated "gradually to the funny uncle and finally to the quirky, almost pitiful old man", who was even ready in the end to sacrifice his own money for his nephews (for example in Oddball Odyssey ). On the other hand, Barks gave Dagobert a little bit of his own biography by adding flashbacks to Scrooge's past to his stories (as in The Old Castle's Secret and Voodoo Hoodoo ).

"I went back to the days when he still had blisters on his hands and frozen feet, all just to prove that he really deserved this outrageous wealth."

- Carl Barks.

In addition, Barks had Dagobert now regularly repeat his most famous saying:

"I made [my money] by being tough than the toughies, and smarter than the smarties! And I made it square! "

“I got rich because I was tougher than the toughest and smarter than the smartest! And I've remained an honest man! "

- Scrooge McDuck, in: Carl Barks: Only a Poor Old Man .

Scrooge with Don Rosa

Don Rosa , author of the Dagobert biography His life, his billions (2010)

On the basis of this statement, which he also had Dagobert repeat regularly, as well as the many flashbacks in Carl Barks' comics, Don Rosa wrote the twelve-part biography of Dagobert's The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck (German: Uncle Dagobert - his life, his billions ) to which he later added a total of five additional chapters. Rosa, who grew up with Barks' stories about Scrooge and considers him “the greatest figure in world literature”, had already drawn numerous comics with Scrooge McDuck as the main character. In His Life, His Billions - in Rosa's own understanding not an “official” biography of Scrooge, but his very personal version of Scrooge's life story - he shows the young Scrooge as an adventurer and self-made man who attaches great importance to making his money in an honest way . According to a review on Spiegel Online , it is “a declaration of love for the character Dagobert and an homage to its creator.” To also take into account the early Barks story Voodoo Hoodoo , according to which Dagobert was once an unscrupulous robber baron, shows Rosa but also how Dagobert "in the intoxication of his growing greed and his growing cynicism crosses the fine line between good and evil and becomes a kind of Mac Moneysac for a brief moment of his life ." At the same time, he closes the circle for Dagobert's first appearance at Barks .

Regardless of this, Rosa paints an extremely positive picture of Dagobert in his life, his billions as well as in his other stories, which he explains by saying that he cannot bear to "write stories about a guy who is eternally greedy." he is Dagobert "an adventurer, and money is his trophy."

Dagobert with other draftsmen

The first artists to draw stories with Scrooge McDuck were (in that order) Riley Thomson , Bob Moore , Paul Murry, and Al Taliaferro . The figure was also strongly influenced by Daniel Branca (who once called Dagobert his favorite character), José Colomer , William Van Horn and Vicar as well as numerous Italian artists, including Giorgio Cavazzano , Massimo De Vita and Romano Scarpa (the inventor of Gitta Gans ).

Vicar was one of the first draftsmen to directly tie in with Barks' work in terms of style and content (for example with the stories The Return Of The Micro-Ducks From Outer Space and Klondike Pipeline , two sequels of famous Barks comics) . But numerous other draftsmen have also made reference to the work of Carl Barks and not least to his most important creation, Dagobert Duck. Giorgio Cavazzano even drew a story in which Barks explains in a detailed interview how he developed all of his stories in personal collaboration with Dagobert Duck, who is now his close friend and who himself earns from licensing income from Barks' comics.

Scrooge as a cartoon character

Dagobert Duck made his first film appearance in the 15-minute Disney short film Scrooge McDuck and Money from 1967, in which he musically recounts the history of money creation and explains how to deal with it by tick, trick and track ; Dagobert was spoken by Bill Thompson . This was followed by an appearance as Ebenezer Scrooge in Mickey's Christmas Carol (dt .: Mickey's Christmas Carol ) , a 1983 caused 25-minute animated version of Charles Dickens ' A Christmas Carol , and a TV-Short Sport Goofy in Soccer Mania from the 1987th

Logo of the cartoon series DuckTales with Dagobert Duck in the lead role

From this year, Dagobert was regularly seen on television for the first time - as the main character alongside Tick, Trick and Track in the American cartoon series DuckTales , spoken by Alan Young (in the German translation by Hermann Ebeling or Joscha Fischer-Antze ) . His essential characteristics, especially his frugality and his great wealth, correspond to the comic book model, but in the course of the series he develops closer to his family. Further differences exist in the area of ​​the locations (like the villa that Dagobert lives in) and the secondary characters (some of which, like Quack, the Bruchpilot , were invented especially for the series).

Dagobert is also the main character in the movie based on the series DuckTales: The Movie - Raiders of the Lost Lamp and the video games DuckTales , DuckTales 2 and DuckTales: The Quest for Gold . In addition, the character is repeatedly featured in animated film series (such as New Mickey Mouse Stories , Raw Toonage, and Mickey's Clubhouse ), direct-to-video productions (such as Mickey's Merry Christmas ) and video games (such as Kingdom Hearts: Birth by Sleep ) is used.

Since 2017, Dagobert Duck has also appeared in the new edition of DuckTales . In this version he is voiced by David Tennant .

biography

When Dagobert became more and more the main character of his stories in the early 1950s, Carl Barks began to tailor a biography for Dagobert through extensive flashbacks, “which justified every cruiser of enormous fortune through hard work.” Don Rosa, the Danish one Verlag Egmont had asked in 1991 to create a twelve-part biography of Dagobert Ducks, collected the many facts that Barks had inserted into his stories over the years, enriched them with historical events and characters and added them to a possible life story of the character entitled the life and Times of Scrooge McDuck (dt .: uncle Scrooge - his life, his billion ) together. Although some of the details used by Rosa are controversial among Barks experts, the central elements of the biography compiled and supplemented by Rosa have meanwhile established themselves in the general reception of the figure.

According to her, Dagobert was born in 1867 as the first child of his parents Dietbert and Dankrade into an impoverished Scottish aristocratic family who had left their ancestral home , the Duckenburgh , for lack of money for Glasgow . In 1948 the story "The Ghost of Duckenburgh" was published, in which the settlement of the Duck family in the high moors of Scotland was announced. Dagobert grew up there with his younger sisters Mathilda and Dortel. On his tenth birthday, his father gave him a shoe-shine box with which he earned his first money; the first coin that he acquired in this way and has since guarded like the apple of his eye, plays an important role in many later stories as the so-called "lucky tens" (see there ).

At the age of 13, Dagobert followed his uncle Diethelm to the United States , where he initially worked as a captain on the Mississippi , a cowboy and a copper prospector. He then hunted for gold in the Transvaal , the Wild West and Australia, without success , until he finally found a gold nugget the size of an ostrich egg during the Klondike gold rush in Alaska and made his first million in December 1899.

After becoming a billionaire in various other businesses on the Yukon , he moved with his sisters to Duckburg in 1902 , where he built his money store on the hill of the former Fort Duckburg , which he had bought from the grandson of the city's founder, Emil Erpel. From then on, Dagobert stored his fortune there and became the richest man in the world in 1930, as whom he appears in almost all comics outside of Rosa's biography.

Characteristics

Exterior

On the occasion of his first appearance (in Christmas on Bear Mountain ), Michael Barrier described Dagobert as “an older duck who looks like Donald with whiskers and glasses.” Even in the early years, Barks made the figure appear increasingly younger, but the whiskers stayed that way most important physical characteristic of Dagobert. Also known are the dollar signs (in rarer cases also cash registers ), which appear in Dagobert's eyes when he thinks about future profits, and which are also used in many other comics today.

In keeping with his thrift, Dagobert always wears the same clothes: a red, more rarely blue, frock coat and a black top hat , plus gaiters and a walking stick ; According to Barks, he bought the frock coat second-hand in Scotland in 1902 and bought the top hat and cane for two dollars in Russia in 1910 . Also striking is his pince-nez , which he does not take off even when mountaineering and deep-sea diving and which he is said to have bought in Scotland in 1885 for a dollar.

Thrift and avarice

An important topos in almost all stories is Scrooge's thrift. It is regularly stylized as a “constituent factor of his wealth” and manifests itself on the one hand in his renouncement of unnecessary expenses. Dagobert would rather walk through the jungle than rent an expensive helicopter, find out more from the newspapers thrown in the garbage, fight a bear for a jar of honey worth two dollars and travel back in time to redeem an expired voucher . Andreas Platthaus describes the following example from Micro-Ducks from Outer Space : “Paper- and therefore banknote-eating insects penetrate through a broken window. The banker therefore piles his money bags high on top of each other so that he can cover the window opening; but he still lacks a hundred sacks. When a great-nephew asked why he didn't just have a new disc inserted for a thaler, he said: 'Then I would be poorer by a thaler. That is not my strength. I'd rather earn a hundred sacks of silver and be a million richer. '"

On the other hand, his greed shows in dealing with his employees and nephews. Although the latter are usually the only ones who stand by Dagobert's side in saving and increasing his fortune, he mostly sees them only as “workers who are available at any time and can be used for any task” and always has difficulty in bringing them theirs (anyway meager) wages, often downplaying his immense wealth: “What did you think I am - a billionaire?” (“What did you think I am - a billionaire?”)

Friends and enemies

In addition to his nephew Donald and his great-nephew Tick, Trick und Track , who help and support Dagobert in almost every story, Dagobert's most important allies are the inventor Daniel Düsentrieb and his helpers . Barks introduced the " crazy genius " in Gladstone's Terrible Secret in 1952 and later described, among other things, how Dagobert had already steered a steamer on the Mississippi together with Daniel Düsentrieb's grandfather in his youth. Dagobert also rarely pays for his services. Furthermore, Dagobert can occasionally be helped by Primus von Quack and Phantomias , without knowing his identity. He is regularly supported by his secretary Fraulein Rührig , an invention of Barks, which is often used in particular by Don Rosa, and his butler Baptist , an invention of the Italian draftsmen Rodolfo Cimino and Massimo De Vita. Of the other members of the Duck family, only Dorette "Grandma" Duck appears regularly, who is portrayed as Scrooge's sister and Donald's grandmother in European comics, particularly those from Italy and Denmark; in American comics, such as those by Barks and Rosa, but not related to him.

In Barks' Back to the Klondike (Eng .: reunion with Klondyke ), Dagobert tells for the first time about Nelly, "the star of the north", with whom he secretly fell in love during his time at the Klondike and who he worked on his claim for a month to show her the difficult life of a gold digger. Don Rosa expanded this story in his biography and used the character in a few other comics; the figure also appears in the television series DuckTales . Other draftsmen, in particular their inventor Romano Scarpa , use the figure of Gitta Gans instead , who is in love with Dagobert, but for whom he usually has no feelings.

The biggest adversaries of Scrooge are already at Barks the tank crackers , a gang of burglars who try unsuccessfully with new methods to break into Scrooge's money storage and rob him. Barks initially showed only three members of the gang, but quickly increased the number to seven, and later to an apparently indefinite higher number; Rosa, on the other hand, assumed seven members, although he only ever used six different prisoner numbers. Furthermore, Dagobert often has to defend his "lucky tens" against the witch Gundel Gaukeley , a figure invented by Barks who wants to melt a magical amulet from it. While in Barks and Rosa Gundel is "an ordinary person who strives for power or wealth and for this purpose conjures up mystical powers with the help of ancient spells and wands", she is represented by many European artists as a real witch who has her own magical powers. Just like the tank crackers, Gundel Gaukeley usually addresses Dagobert as Bertel (English: Scroogey ). Finally, the Brantewien brothers also regularly try to get Scrooge's money in a criminal way.

In addition, Dagobert argues in many stories with his competitors about the rank of the richest man in the world, which both Mac Moneysac and Klaas Klever , who mainly appears in Italian comics, regularly and often with unfair means dispute him. Although Barks had invented both characters, he only used Mac Moneysac regularly as "the second richest man in the world". The clearly wasteful Klever, already recognizable thanks to his original name John D. Rockerduck, an allusion to John D. Rockefeller , has been picked up by many Italian illustrators and usually appears as the “second richest man in the world”. His encounters with Dagobert Duck often escalate into tangible arguments, and at the end of a story the defeated Klever usually eats his hat. In Rosa's biography, Dagobert meets both Klever and Mac Moneysac before he even made his fortune; According to other cartoonists, the rivalry has existed since Dagobert's youth.

Although only one of Dagobert's adversaries plays a role in most of the stories, his rivals occasionally appear together or even form an alliance between them.

Further characteristics

Money storage

Dagobert keeps his entire fortune in his money storage, which Barks first showed in The Big Bin on Killmotor Hill and which towers over Duckburg on Killmotor Hill (German: Glatzenkogel ), the highest point in the city. In the German comics, Dagobert's initials ( DD ) are emblazoned on the cube-shaped memory in large letters ; in the American original, however, a huge dollar symbol ( $ ) adorns the facade. With regard to the time of construction, Barks gives contradicting information: While Dagobert presents the money storage as “new” when it is first mentioned, he tells in Migrating Millions that the money storage, like himself, has been on the Glatzenkogel for 70 years. Since Dagobert always seems to assume in later stories that the money store has always been there, Rosa interpreted the latter passage in his biography as evidence that Dagobert built the money store directly after his arrival in Duckburg, i.e. in 1902.

While the Barks store mainly contained change (which was to underline Scrooge's greed), European draftsmen almost always filled it with pure gold. At Barks, too, the money store has been regularly shown as Scrooge's residence since its introduction. Often there is a large lever next to his desk (where he is mostly busy counting money), with which he drives representatives and other uninvited visitors - sometimes his nephews - onto the street. Dagobert only lives in a villa in the few stories that emerged before the introduction of the money store in 1951 and in the cartoon series DuckTales , but the money store also exists there.

In the money store itself, Dagobert often pursues his favorite pastime, bathing in his thalers, a "sacred act" (reflecting Dagobert's fetishistic relationship to money), which he regularly describes in the following words:

“I dive around in it like a porpoise! I burrow through it like a gopher! And I toss it up and let it hit me on the head. "

“It is a great pleasure for me to jump in like a seal! ... And rummaging around in it like a mole! ... And to throw it in the air so that it patters on my bald head! "

- Scrooge McDuck, in: Carl Barks: Billions to Sneeze At .

capital

Even with Barks contradicting statements can be found about the size and shape of Scrooge's fortune: In addition to real values ​​such as 788,423,000,017.16 thalers or even 5 · 10 77  thalers and 16 kreuzers, there are numerous fantasy values ​​such as nine Fantasticatillion, four Billion Jillion Centrifugalillion Dollars and sixteen cents or Five Hundred Tripicatillion Multipludillion Quadruplicatillion Centrifugalillion Dollars and sixteen cents ; the only constant are the 16 cruisers. Mostly, however, the content of the money storage is given as " three cubic acres of money" , which according to Henner Löffler would amount to around 772–800 billion thalers. Other draftsmen also provide very different information in this regard. The television series DuckTales speaks of 607 tillion 386 zillion 947 trillion 522 billion dollars and 36 cents .

The statements about the form of Scrooge's fortune are also contradictory: Often Scrooge's cash (which seems to consist mainly of coins ) is presented as his only wealth, but often a gigantic economic empire with several branches of business is shown or described by Dagobert.

Lucky tens

Dagobert's first self-earned coin, a ten-kreuzer piece, which is usually called “lucky tens”, “lucky thaler” or “number one” or “cruiser number one”, plays an important role in many comics. On the one hand because the witch Gundel Gaukeley tries again and again to steal it in order to fuse it into a magical amulet, on the other hand because it is of particular importance to Dagobert, who usually keeps it under a secured glass bell. In some stories he even has magical properties and is the reason for Scrooge's fortune.

Don Rosa, on the other hand, considers the coin to be proof that Dagobert has earned every cruiser of his fortune himself with hard work, and makes him react furiously to the designation as lucky tens: "Lucky tens? What unspeakable ignoramus hatched this outrageous nonsense? ”In his biography, he explains the fact that it is an American coin that Scrooge’s father had asked a friend at the time to pay Scrooge with the coin, which was worthless to him, and so for him to teach a lesson about hard work and trust. The coin also inspired Dagobert to emigrate to America as a child.

reception

Political classification

Classification as an unscrupulous capitalist

In the first decades after its introduction, Dagobert Duck was mostly seen as the “epitome of the capitalist”. In 1969, Dagobert even considered the student co-administration newspaper Wir dich mitverwaltungs-Zeitung to be the “prototype of the monopoly capitalist” who lived off the productivity of the working people and “skimmed the cream”; "In the competitive struggle it outperforms other speculators and monopoly capitalists (according to Marx: 'concentration of capital')."

The first comprehensive attempt at an interpretation of the figure by the Marxist sociologists Ariel Dorfman and Armand Mattelart was particularly formative for this understanding - especially of the stories created by Barks . In her work Para leer al Pato Donald , first published in Chile in 1972, in 1975 into English ( How to read Donald Duck: imperialist ideology in the Disney comic ) and 1977 into German ( Walt Disney's 'Third World'. Mass communication and colonialism with Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck ) and has since been regarded as one of the most important works in the academic study of comics, they are concerned about the dangers of children reading Disney comics. On the basis of 100 stories examined, the sociologists highlighted the "ideology inherent in comics [...] of a bourgeois fantasy world in which all traces of production [...] had been removed": The absence of parents (instead of uncle and aunts kick), a "falsified, sex-free world shown", the reader never sees industrial workers or production facilities (the fact that Donald has poorly paid jobs in many stories does not change that, since he never has to work to survive) and the treasures that the Duck family regularly finds are not the product of living people, but rather the remains of long-forgotten civilizations. The Ducks' claim to these treasures is based solely on their search for them and is only questioned by thieves, but never by the natives, often portrayed as noble savages ; the real challenger to the legitimacy of Scrooge's monopolized wealth, the working class, is kept from the reader. Through his repeated desire to return to nature, however, Dagobert expresses his disdain and fear of the industrial worker living in the city.

The image of Dagobert as an unscrupulous capitalist was refined in the early 1990s by the American art historian David Kunzle, who had translated the work of Dorfman and Mattelart into English and who attempted it with his book Carl Barks Dagobert and Donald Duck - World Conquest from a Duck's Perspective, which was published in German in 1990 undertook to apply the "model for unmasking the ideology hidden in the seemingly innocent products of children's comics" developed by these authors to the Duck comics. According to his own understanding, he portrays Dagobert "as a despicable, albeit comical, figure who accuses the insatiable greed of American corporations and makes a fool of himself"; "In his compulsive pursuit of the acquisition of raw materials, labor, history and art treasures, he could be a role model for American business tycoons, Pentagon officials and museum directors." Kunzle also warns that “the policy of economic conquest of other countries […] is made attractive and easier to digest by turning it into exciting, funny adventures.” In his 1990 essay Dispossession by Ducks: The Imperialist Treasure Hunt in Southeast Asia he specifically addresses some stories in which the imperialist ideology on which the comics are based is particularly clear, and states:

"[Uncle Scrooge] incarnates the spirit of American imperialism at its most aggressive, at its most global, at its most successful, and in its ultimate defeat."

"Dagobert embodies the spirit of American imperialism in its most aggressive, global and most successful form and in its final defeat"

- David Kunzle: Dispossession by Ducks: The Imperialist Treasure Hunt in Southeast Asia , p. 160.

Even today, the image of Scrooge McDuck as a capitalist based on the American model is widespread; The Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung describes Dagobert as a "grasshopper in the shape of a duck", the Tagesspiegel asks: "Has anyone, including the Marx-Engels complete edition, sharpened our eye for the wolf law of capitalism?"

Opposing views

According to other authors, Dagobert is not shown in Barks alone as an unscrupulous capitalist; For him, too, there are “deeper ties than those between buyer and seller.” Despite his wealth, Dagobert is a lovable character because he has achieved his fortune through intelligence and his own hard work; The figure embodies conservative values ​​and Protestant ethics , but the complexity of the stories always transports a double-edged view of material wealth. In an analysis of 60 comics, according to Russell W. Belk, there is only seven percent unreservedly positive portrayal of such wealth.

The thesis of the monopoly capitalist is also countered in recent literature that Dagobert primarily collects his money - inconceivable for a capitalist on a grand scale - and only invests it in daring expeditions as an exception; even layoffs never played a role for him. Nothing from the entrepreneur who does not have to be considerate because he can act out of pure self-interest and precisely for this reason promotes the prosperity of the whole of society (as Adam Smith put it), who only ensures that the economy progresses through continual creative destruction will (as Joseph Schumpeter saw it) can be found in the Dagobert Duck that Barks left to his successors. His emotional structure, shaped by passion and theatrical outbursts of anger, does not match the image of the exploitative capitalist; “Compared to these representatives of cold fish capitalism, the spirited Uncle Dagobert is a walking little stove that radiates Christmas warmth on all sides.” On Welt Online , Dagobert is also referred to as the “ anti-grasshopper ”.

The analysis of Dorfmann and Mattelart is also criticized for reducing the relationships between the characters in the comics to pure class differences and foregoing psychological considerations; Furthermore, that it does not take into account the production method of the comics (and thus, for example, the relationship between Carl Barks as draftsman and Walt Disney Productions as editor of the stories). Ernst Horst describes the text as a whole as a “vulgar Marxist conspiracy theory”.

Although Dagobert indirectly describes himself as a capitalist in one of Barks' last stories, Barks always considered his comics to be apolitical and ironic. First and foremost, Dagobert is the symbol of an unattainable dream of humanity: inexhaustible wealth.

The different perception and classification of the figure, even in the form developed by Barks, can in part also be traced back to the linguistic differences between the English-language original and the various translations. David Kunzle says: "Every country develops its own Disney picture stories." The German translations by Erika Fuchs, for example, are marked by a recognizable de-Americanization and de-actualization, especially the "literal recording of painful realities that are a Barks' seal of approval [sic]" will be repaid. The change in individual names is particularly noticeable: “[The almighty dollar] becomes an archaic and therefore quite harmless and unreal currency in the German version: the taler. 'Uncle Scrooge' himself, named after Dickens' famous curmudgeon, loses all moral evaluation and timeliness when he is called Uncle Scrooge. This name arouses associations with the obsolete and the long gone. ”Nonetheless, the Bayernkurier , the party newspaper of the Christian Social Union , complained in 1969 with a look at the Fuchs translation of the story The Yacht Plot that the characters in Mickey Mouse were the“ sociological Chinese of the new left ”and thus a left“ phraseology ”would be injected into the young readers; "A nomenclature that - if it is not meaningfully interpreted later - can be quickly fed with punch content."

The political classification of the figure is further relativized by the many draftsmen who have since adopted and developed Barks' figure. They let the American-conservative values ​​embodied by Barks' Dagobert take a back seat. Don Rosa, for example, shows in the story The Treasure of the Ten Avatars "an exemplary entrepreneur [...] who is above all interested in getting other people into wages." His Dagobert biography His life, his billions is a " urgently needed image campaign for the billionaire and banker himself ”. In any case, the discussion about whether Dagobert doesn’t make capitalism too likeable has meanwhile fallen silent: "Unlike in the 1970s, comics are no longer tapped for ideological criticism."

Incidentally, reception

Scrooge on the East Side Gallery .

Today Dagobert is considered to be the most important figure of his inventor Carl Barks, who dedicated the entire second half of his life to him. Andreas Platthaus also describes him as "the most popular plutocrat in the world"; “In the two and a half thousand years since Homer, world literature has not produced a figure like him.” Accordingly, her academic analysis is now being taken seriously.

The figure is famous for its frugality and gigantic fortune. In 2011, the newspaper Welt am Sonntag launched an issue of the Child's Easy section on the topic of saving with a giant picture of the comic figure and the question: “How did Scrooge get so rich?” In the text he is referred to as “the world's greatest saver”. In 2007, Dagobert topped the Forbes list of the 15 richest fictional people , in 2008 and 2010 he came in second (behind Uncle Sam and Carlisle Cullen ). In 2011, due to the sharp rise in the price of gold, he moved up to first place, which he lost again in 2012 because of an alleged bet with Mac Moneysac , but regained it in 2013.

Dagobert's peculiarity of bathing in the money he has collected is also frequently taken up and quoted.

In the years 1992 to 1994, the department store blackmailer Arno Funke achieved fame in Germany under the pseudonym Dagobert , which he had apparently used to allude to the wealth of the comic figure; According to Donaldists , even the tricks he used to mislead the police on several occasions were inspired by Carl Barks' comics. In 2007, Scrooge's fictional hometown, Glasgow, included him on the official list of their most famous daughters and sons. In 2014, the Finnish musician Tuomas Holopainen set the Dagobert biography The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck to music and was number 1 in the Finnish charts for nine weeks with the album The Life and Times of Scrooge .

Anthologies

Comics by Carl Barks

All Barks comics with Dagobert Duck were also published between 1992 and 2003 in the 51-volume series Barks Library - Walt Disney Comics and the 38-volume series Barks Library Special: Onkel Dagobert by Egmont / Ehapa.

Comics by Don Rosa

  • Uncle Dagobert - His life, his billions , Ehapa Comic Collection, Cologne 2003, ISBN 3-7704-0389-4
  • Onkel Dagobert - His Life, His Billions / The Biography of Don Rosa , Ehapa Comic Collection, Cologne 2008, ISBN 978-3-7704-3245-5

Don Rosa's complete works, which consist almost exclusively of stories with Dagobert Duck, can be found in volumes 1, 6, 9, 14, 16 and 18, 19 and 20 of the Disney's Hall of Fame series published by Egmont / Ehapa since 2004 .

Comics by various artists

  • Happy Birthday, Uncle Dagobert !: 70 golden years , Cologne 2017, ISBN 978-3-7704-3970-6
  • Uncle Dagobert - The Dax of the Ducks: Gold Edition , Cologne 2015, ISBN 978-3-7704-3790-0
  • 60 years of Uncle Dagobert , Ehapa Comic Collection, Cologne 2007, ISBN 978-3-7704-3134-2
  • The Ducks - A Family Chronicle, Ehapa Comic Collection, Cologne 2010, ISBN 978-3-7704-3379-7
  • Secret heroes 05: Dagobert Duck's money store , Ehapa Comic Collection, Cologne 2007, ISBN 978-3-7704-3061-1
  • I, Onkel Dagobert , Melzer Verlag, Darmstadt 1974, ISBN 3-7874-0100-8
  • I, Onkel Dagobert - Volume 2 , Melzer Verlag, Darmstadt 1974, ISBN 3-7874-0101-6
  • Me, Uncle Scrooge. Egmont, Cologne 2015, ISBN 978-3-7704-3793-1 . (Foreword and compilation of the ten stories from 1970 to 2013 by Jano Rohleder)
  • Funny paperback - duck edition, volume 2: From the life of a billionaire , Ehapa Comic Collection, Cologne 2001
  • Funny paperback - duck edition, volume 7: Rivalen fürs Leben , Ehapa Comic Collection, Cologne 2003
  • Funny paperback - duck edition, volume 14: Der Glückstaler , Ehapa Comic Collection, Cologne 2005
  • Funny paperback - duck edition, volume 20: 60 years of Onkel Dagobert , Ehapa Comic Collection, Cologne 2007
  • Funny paperback - Duck Edition, Volume 30: The Boss of Duckburg , Ehapa Comic Collection, Cologne 2011
  • Funny paperback special edition: 65 years of Dagobert Duck - From the life of a billionaire , Ehapa Comic Collection, Cologne 2012, ISBN 978-3-8413-4026-9
  • Uncle Dagobert - Billions robbery in Duckburg , Ehapa Comic Collection, Cologne 2011, ISBN 978-3-7704-3528-9
  • Uncle Scrooge. The Dax of the Ducks. Gold Edition. Egmont, Cologne 2015, ISBN 978-3-7704-3790-0 . (With eleven stories from 1966 to 1995 and a foreword by Dirk Müller )

The two volumes Ich, Onkel Dagobert have been published with a new translation, the distance from the English original has been criticized in some cases.

literature

Monographs

  • Lidia Cannatella et al .: Carl Barks - The father of the Ducks. Egmont Ehapa, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-7704-2792-0
  • Ruffian Goose: The Ducks. Psychogram of a clan. Rowohlt, Reinbek near Hamburg 1972, ISBN 3-499-11481-X . (Paperback edition)
  • Johnny A. Grote: The Ducks Family Tree. Ehapa Comic Collection, Stuttgart 1999, ISBN 3-7704-0300-2
  • Johnny A. Grote: Carl Barks. Catalog raisonné of the comics. Ehapa Comic Collection, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-7704-1898-0
  • David Kunzle: Carl Barks. Dagobert and Donald Duck - conquering the world from a duck's perspective. Fischer, Frankfurt a. M. 1990, ISBN 3-596-23949-4
  • Henner Löffler : How ducks live - The Ducks from A to Z. CH Beck, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-406-51608-4

Essays

  • Volker App: A Talerbad every day - Dagobert Duck for his 60th birthday , dradio.de , December 23, 2007
  • Russell W. Belk: Material Values ​​in Comics: A Content Analysis of Comic Books Featuring Themes of Wealth. In: Journal of Consumer Research Vol. 14 (1987), No. 1, pp. 26-42
  • Geoffrey Blum: Natural Resources. In: Barks Library Special: Onkel Dagobert 14 , 2000, p. 29 f. (Translation by Johnny A. Grote)
  • Geoffrey Blum: The source of the golden waterfall. In: Barks Library Special: Onkel Dagobert 14 , 2000, pp. 60–62 (translation by Johnny A. Grote)
  • Geoffrey Blum: Stories of the Gold Rush. In: Barks Library Special: Onkel Dagobert 18 , 2000, pp. 21–24, 50–53 (translation by Johnny A. Grote)
  • Geoffrey Blum: Cold War, Warm Heart , in: Barks Library Special: Onkel Dagobert 12, 2000, p. 30 f. (Translation by Johnny A. Grote)
  • Geoffrey Blum: Uncle Scrooge's doppelganger. In: Barks Library Special: Onkel Dagobert 11 , 1999, pp. 23-25 ​​(translation by Johnny A. Grote)
  • Geoffrey Blum: reincarnations. In: Barks Library Special: Onkel Dagobert 11 , 1999, pp. 54–56 (translation by Johnny A. Grote)
  • Jochen Bölsche: The end of the duck . Spiegel Online , July 28, 2009
  • Massimo Bonura: How many memories for Uncle Scrooge? . In: Paolo Castagno (Ed.): Don Rosa - A Little Something Special , 2011, p. 117 f.
  • Robert Boyd: Uncle $ crooge, Imperialist - How to Read Donald Duck. In: The Comics Journal No. 138: 52-55 (1990)
  • Michael Bregel: Dagobert Duck - rich heirloom with a rich family heritage. In: Die Ducks - Eine Familienchronik, 2010, p. 165 f.
  • Alessandro Cella: A duck who makes history - Scrooge McDuck meets real historical personalities . In: Paolo Castagno (ed.): Don Rosa - A Little Something Special , 2011, pp. 143-147
  • Dana Gabbard / Geoffrey Blum: The Color of Truth is Gray. In: Walt Disney's Uncle Scrooge Adventures in Color No. 24 (1997), pp. 23-26
  • Bernd Dolle-Weidenkauff: Dagobert Duck: From curmudgeon to a fantastic billionaire - Some chapters from the prehistory of the richest duck in the world (PDF; 11.0 MB), Research Frankfurt 2/2012, pp. 124–126.
  • Matthias Heine: Ducks like Dagobert are not grasshoppers. Welt Online, December 24, 2007.
  • Rupert Koppold: A capitalist? No, a saver! , Stuttgarter-Zeitung.de, November 23, 2012.
  • David Kunzle: Dispossession by Ducks: The Imperialist Treasure Hunt in Southeast Asia. In: Art Journal Vol. 49 (1990), No. 2: Depictions of the Dispossessed, pp. 159-166
  • Peter Mühlbauer : Dagobert Duck turns 60 , heise.de , December 24, 2007
  • Andreas Platthaus : Congratulations, Mr. Duck. In: 60 years of Uncle Dagobert. 2007, pp. 4-7
  • Andreas Platthaus: In the shadow of the money store. In: Uncle Dagobert - Billions robbery in Duckburg. 2011, pp. 5–10
  • Andreas Platthaus: Who will be a billionaire? In: Barks Onkel Dagobert 1 , 2009, p. 4 f.
  • Jano Rohleder: An uncle to rule you. In: Me, Uncle Dagobert. Egmont, Cologne 2015, ISBN 978-3-7704-3793-1 , pp. 8-11.
  • Mattia Simeoni: Who needs to be rich if you have self-respect? In: Paolo Castagno (Ed.): Don Rosa - A Little Something Special , 2011, p. 303 f.
  • Silvia "Nebulina" Toccafondi: Mr. Kane and Mr. Duck - Two great characters from previous century . In: Paolo Castagno (Ed.): Don Rosa - A Little Something Special , 2011, p. 97

Web links

Wiktionary: Dagobert Duck  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Quoted comics

  1. ↑ Carl Barks: Micro-Ducks from Outer Space (German: visit from the planet Diana ) (translation by Erika Fuchs in Micky Mouse 17/1968)
  2. ↑ Carl Barks: Christmas on Bear Mountain (German: The test of courage ) , first published in Walt Disney's Four Color Comics # 178: Donald Duck (1947).
  3. ↑ Carl Barks: Christmas on Bear Mountain (German: The test of courage ) (translation by Erika Fuchs in Micky Mouse 26/1957).
  4. ↑ Carl Barks: Foxy Relations (German: Die Fuchsjagd ) .
  5. ↑ Carl Barks: Only A Poor Old Man (Eng .: The poor old man ) .
  6. ↑ Carl Barks: Oddball Odyssey (German: The random walks of Dagobert Duck ) .
  7. ↑ Carl Barks: The Old Castle's Secret (German: The Ghost of Duckenburgh ) .
  8. ↑ a b Carl Barks: Voodoo Hoodoo (German: Wudu-Hudu-Zauber / A zombie walks through the city ) .
  9. ↑ Carl Barks: Only a Poor Old Man (German: The poor rich man ) (translation by Erika Fuchs in Micky Mouse special issue 10 (1954)).
  10. ↑ See e.g. B. Don Rosa: The Last of the Clan McDuck (dt .: The Last of the Clan of the Ducks ) , p 7, 7. Panel.
  11. ↑ Don Rosa: The Empire-Builder from Calisota / The Richest Duck in the World (German: The businessman without a conscience / The unscrupulous businessman from Duckburg ) , pp. 8-10.
  12. ^ Romano Scarpa: Zio Paperone e l'ultimo balabù (German: The last Gulu-Gulu ) .
  13. ↑ Edele Kenner / Vicar: The Return Of The Micro-Ducks From Outer Space (German: visit from another planet ) .
  14. ↑ Tom Anderson / Vicar: Klondike Pipeline (German: pipeline problems ) .
  15. ↑ Carl Barks: Back to the Klondike (German: reunion with Klondyke ) and Ders .: Micro-Ducks from Outer Space (German: visit from the planet Diana ) .
  16. ↑ Rudy Salvagnini / Giorgio Cavazzano: Zio Paperone e l'uomo dei paperi (German: The man behind the ducks ) .
  17. ↑ Don Rosa: The Last of the Clan McDuck (German: The last of the Ducks clan )
  18. ↑ See also Vic Lockmann / Carl Barks: The Invisible Intruder (German: The story of Uncle Scrooge's bed ) .
  19. ↑ See also Carl Fallberg / Tony Strobl: Chairman of the Bored (German: The great boredom ) .
  20. ↑ Carl Barks: The Magic Hourglass (German: The magic hourglass ) .
  21. ^ Carl Barks: The Great Steamboat Race (German: Race on the Mississippi ) ; Ders .: The Fantastic River Race (German: memories of young people ) ; Don Rosa: The Master of the Mississippi (Eng .: The Lord of the Mississippi ) .
  22. ^ Carl Barks: Only a Poor Old Man (German: The poor rich man ) , p. 8, 1st panel; Don Rosa: The Buckaroo of the Badlands (Eng .: The Hero of the Badlands ) .
  23. ^ Carl Barks: Only a Poor Old Man (Eng .: The poor rich man ) , p. 8, 2nd and 3rd panel; Don Rosa: The King of the Copper Hill (German: Der Kupferkönig / Der Kupferkönig von Montana ) .
  24. ^ Carl Barks: The Loony Lunar Gold Rush (German: The call of the moon gold ) ; Don Rosa: The Terror of the Transvaal (Eng .: The Terror of the Transvaal ) .
  25. ^ Carl Barks: Return To Pizen Bluff (German: A Windy Story ) ; Don Rosa: The Vigilante of Pizen Bluff (Eng .: The Avenger of Windy City ) .
  26. ^ Carl Barks: The Loony Lunar Gold Rush (German: The call of the moon gold ) ; Don Rosa: Dreamtime Duck of the Never Never (Eng .: The hunter of the sacred opal ) .
  27. ↑ Carl Barks: Back to the Klondike (German: Wiedersehen mit Klondyke ) , p. 12, 3rd panel (where Dagobert speaks of a chicken egg in the German translation (cf. Barks' Onkel Dagobert - Volume 1. 2009, p. 53)); Don Rosa: The Argonaut of White Agony Creek (German: The Hermit on White Agony Creek ) , p. 24 f.
  28. ↑ Don Rosa: The Billionaire of Dismal Downs (German : The Billionaire in the Hochmoor ) , P. 2, 4th panel.
  29. ^ Carl Barks: The Loony Lunar Gold Rush (German: The call of the moon gold ) ; Don Rosa: The Billionaire of Dismal Downs (Eng . : The Billionaire in the Hochmoor ) , p. 3, 3rd panel.
  30. ^ Carl Barks: The Money Well (German: The source of money ) ; Ders .: Migrating Millions (German: Modern Times ) .
  31. ↑ Don Rosa: The Billionaire of Dismal Downs (Eng . : The Billionaire in the Hochmoor ) , p. 13, 2nd panel.
  32. ↑ Don Rosa: The Invader of Fort Duckburg (German: The Conqueror of Fort Duckburg ), p. 14 f.
  33. ↑ Don Rosa: The Empire-Builder from Calisota / The Richest Duck in the World (German: The businessman without a conscience / The unscrupulous businessman from Duckburg ) .
  34. ↑ Carl Barks: Christmas on Bear Mountain (German: The test of courage ) .
  35. ↑ First seen in Carl Barks: Back to the Klondike (German: Wiedersehen mit Klondyke ) , p. 5, 3rd panel.
  36. ↑ From Carl Barks: The Pixilated Parrot (German: The mathematical wonder animal ) .
  37. ^ Carl Barks: The Golden Fleecing (German: The golden fleece ) ; Ders .: The Lemming With the Locket ( Eng . : The cheese from Kirkebö ) .
  38. ↑ See also Don Rosa: The Billionaire of Dismal Downs (dt .: The billionaire in the bog ) , page 5, fourth panel (frock coat) and ibid .: The Empire Builder from Calisota / The Richest Duck in the World (dt .: The businessman without a conscience / The unscrupulous businessman from Duckburg ) , p. 15, 1st panel (cylinder and stick).
  39. ↑ Carl Barks: The Money Well (German: The source of money )
  40. ↑ Carl Barks: Micro-Ducks from Outer Space (German: visit from the planet Diana ) .
  41. ↑ Carl Barks: The Pixilated Parrot (German: The mathematical wonder animal ) .
  42. ↑ Carl Barks: Gladstone's Terrible Secret (German: An embarrassing disclosure ) .
  43. ↑ Carl Barks: Uncle Scrooge goes to Disneyland (German: Uncle Dagobert and the magic mirror .
  44. ↑ Cf. Don Rosa: The Universal Solvent (German: The journey to the center of the earth ) , p. 3, 2nd panel and p. 23, 9th panel.
  45. ↑ In Carl Barks: The Midas Touch (German: The Midas Effect ) ; The only other appearance at Barks (mentioning her name Mrs. Quackfaster , initially translated literally as Fräulein Quackeschnell by Erika Fuchs ) in Ders .: A Spicy Tale (German: A spicy story ) .
  46. ↑ In Rodolfo Cimino / Massimo De Vita: Zio Paperone e l'angolare di sicurezza .
  47. ↑ For example in Don Rosa: The Invader Of Fort Duckburg (German: The Conqueror of Fort Duckburg ) , pp. 2-4.
  48. ↑ Carl Barks: Back to the Klondike (German: Reunion with Klondyke ) , p. 6, 5th panel.
  49. ↑ Carl Barks: Back to the Klondike (German: reunion with Klondyke ) , p. 6 f. and 11-15.
  50. ↑ Especially in Don Rosa: The Argonaut of White Agony Creek (German: The Hermit on White Agony Creek ) and Ders .: Hearts of the Yukon (German: Conspiracy of the crooks / The two hearts of the Yukon ) .
  51. ↑ In Don Rosa: Last sled to Dawson (German: The last sled to Dawson ) , Ders .: A Little Something Special (German: His golden jubilee ) and Ders .: The Dream of a Lifetime (German: Lifelong dreams ) .
  52. ^ In Romano Scarpa: Paperino e la farfalla di Colombo (German: The Columbus Butterfly ) .
  53. ↑ For the first time in Carl Barks: Terror of the Beagle Boys (German: The Self Shot ) , Walt Disney's Comics and Stories 134 (1951).
  54. ↑ In Carl Barks: The Midas Touch (German: The Midas Effect ) .
  55. ↑ For example in Don Rosa: The Invader Of Fort Duckburg (German: The Conqueror of Fort Duckburg ) , p. 9, 4th panel.
  56. ↑ E.g. in Don Rosa: On a Silver Platter (German: The magic tunnel ) , p. 5, 4th panel.
  57. ^ For the first time in Carl Barks: Mystery of the Ghost Town Railroad / Gold Town Railroad (German: The secret of the railroad shares ) .
  58. ↑ Mac Moneysac appears for the first time in Carl Barks: The Second-richest Duck (German: The second richest man in the world ) , Klaas Klever is introduced in Ders .: Boat Buster (German: The boat race ) .
  59. ↑ In Don Rosa: The King of the Copper Hill (German: Der Kupferkönig / Der Kupferkönig von Montana ) , p. 6, 9th panel and p. 7, 1st panel (Klaas Klever) and Ders .: The Terror of the Transvaal (Eng .: The Terror of the Transvaal ) (Mac Moneysac).
  60. ↑ See e.g. B. Paul Halas / Vicar: Nantucket Nellie (German: The second richest man in the world ) (Mac Moneysac); Bruno Sarda / Valerio Held: Zio Paperone e il giorno della concordia (German: rivals of love ) (Klaas Klever).
  61. ↑ For example in Osvaldo Pavese / Giuseppe Perego: Zio Paperone e il bisbilione (German: Club of Billionaires ) .
  62. ↑ For example in A Little Something Special (German: His golden jubilee ) .
  63. ↑ Carl Barks: The Big Bin on Killmotor Hill (German: Frozen Money ) .
  64. ^ Carl Barks: Migrating Millions (German: Modern Times ) .
  65. ^ For example in Carl Barks: Trouble Indemnity (German: professional worries ) .
  66. ↑ Especially in Carl Barks: Christmas on Bear Mountain (German: The test of courage ) .
  67. ↑ Carl Barks: Billions to Sneeze At (German: Woe to him who gets into debt ) (translation by Erika Fuchs in Micky Mouse 23/1990).
  68. ^ In Carl Barks: Billions to Sneeze At (German: Woe to him who gets into debt ) .
  69. ^ Carl Barks: The Menehune Mystery (German: Company Island Peace ) , p. 3, 4th panel.
  70. ↑ In Carl Barks: The Big Bin on Killmotor Hill ( Eng .: Frozen Money )
  71. ↑ ZB in Carl Barks: Some Heir over the Rainbow (German: The right legacy )
  72. ↑ For example in Daniel Branca: Captain Capon's Treasure (German: Safe Times ) , Micky Mouse 2/1985, p. 2, 2nd panel.
  73. ↑ For example in Carl Barks: The Many Faces of Magica de Spell (German: The many faces of Gundel Gaukeley ) , Micky Mouse 39/1976, p. 2, 4th panel.
  74. ↑ For example in Don Rosa: The Treasury Of Croesus (German: The message of the pillars ) , Micky Mouse 2/1995, p. 1, 6th panel.
  75. ↑ Don Rosa: The Empire-Builder from Calisota / The Richest Duck in the World (German: The businessman without a conscience / The unscrupulous businessman from Duckburg ) , p. 8, 2nd panel: “'Lucky' Dime ?! What thimble-headed gherkin invented 'that' supreme bit of absolute balderdash ?! ”(translation by Peter Daibenzeiher in Uncle Dagobert - His life, his billion (2003)).
  76. ↑ Don Rosa: The Last of the Clan McDuck (dt .: The Last of the Clan of the Ducks ) , p.6, 5th and 6th Panel.
  77. ↑ Don Rosa: The Last of the Clan McDuck (German: The last of the Ducks clan ) , p. 12, 4th and 5th panel.
  78. ↑ Carl Barks: Cattle King (German: The Cattle King ) .
  79. ↑ Vic Lockman / Pete Alvarado: The Yacht Plot (German: A serious failure ) , German first publication in Micky Mouse 36/1969.
  80. ↑ Don Rosa: The Treasure of the Ten Avatars (German: Expedition to Shambala ) .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Cf. Andreas Platthaus: Congratulations, Mr. Duck! , in: 60 Jahre Onkel Dagobert , pp. 4–7 (p. 4).
  2. ↑ a b Cf. Andreas Platthaus: Wer wird Billiardär , in: Barks' Onkel Dagobert - Volume 1 , p. 4 f. (P. 4).
  3. ↑ See Peter Mühlbauer: Dagobert Duck is 60 , heise.de , December 24, 2007 (accessed December 10, 2010).
  4. ↑ Cf. for example Alberto Becattini: Barks and the sources of his inspiration , in: Carl Barks - Der Vater der Ducks , pp. 138-145 (p. 138).
  5. ↑ a b Cf. Alberto Becattini: The figures of the master: Das luntere Völkchen des Carl Barks , in: Carl Barks - Der Vater der Ducks , S. 182-185 (S. 185).
  6. ↑ a b c Andreas Platthaus: Who Wants to Be a Billionaire , in: Barks' Onkel Dagobert - Volume 1 , p. 4 f. (P. 5).
  7. ↑ See also David Kunzle: Carl Barks Dagobert and Donald Duck - Welteroberung aus Entenperspektiven , p. 10.
  8. ↑ Ernst Horst: Just no sentimentalities - As Dr. Erika Fuchs moved Duckburg to Germany , p. 191.
  9. ↑ a b c Cf. Matthias Heine: Ducks like Dagobert are not grasshoppers , Welt Online, December 24, 2007 (accessed December 16, 2011).
  10. ↑ a b c Andreas Platthaus: Who Wants to Be a Billionaire , in: Barks' Onkel Dagobert - Volume 1 , p. 4 f. (P. 4).
  11. ↑ Andreas Platthaus: Congratulations, Mr. Duck! , in: 60 Jahre Onkel Dagobert , pp. 4–7 (p. 4).
  12. ^ Carl Barks, quoted from Carsten Laqua: Carl Barks - the Author , in: Gottfried Helnwein: Wer ist Carl Barks , pp. 238–241.
  13. ↑ a b c Jochen Bölsche: Das Ende der Ente , Spiegel Online , July 28, 2009, Part 2: A comic as a textbook (accessed December 11, 2011).
  14. ↑ a b See INDUCKS-Index: Scrooge McDuck (accessed December 11, 2011).
  15. ↑ a b c d e cf. Andreas Platthaus: Wer wird Billiardär , in: Barks' Onkel Dagobert - Volume 1 , p. 4 f. (P. 5).
  16. ↑ Cf. Geoffrey Blum: Bodenschätze , in: Carl Barks Library Special: Onkel Dagobert 14 (2000), pp. 29–31 (p. 29).
  17. ↑ Cf. Andreas Platthaus: In the shadow of the money store , in: Onkel Dagobert - billion robbery in Entenhausen , pp. 5–10 (p. 7).
  18. ↑ Don Rosa: Three anniversaries , in: Onkel Dagobert - Billions robbery in Entenhausen , p. 11-14 (p. 11).
  19. ↑ See Henning Hagerup: Don Rosa - Thoroughness and Enthusiasm , in: Hall of Fame 7: Don Rosa , p. 4–8 (p. 6 f.).
  20. ↑ a b c Cf. Andreas Platthaus: Congratulations, Mr. Duck! , in: 60 Jahre Onkel Dagobert , pp. 4–7 (p. 5).
  21. ↑ Cf. Jochen Bölsche: Das Ende der Ente , Spiegel Online, July 28, 2009, Part 2: A comic as a textbook (accessed on December 11, 2011).
  22. ↑ Carl Barks, quoted from Jochen Bölsche: Das Ende der Ente , Spiegel Online, July 28, 2009, Part 2: A comic as a textbook (accessed December 11, 2011).
  23. ↑ Cf. Don Rosa: Foreword to Uncle Dagobert - His life, his billion / The biography of Don Rosa (2008), pp. 5-7 (p. 5).
  24. ↑ a b Cf. Johnny A. Grote: Don Rosa - Der Lockruf Entenhausen , in: Onkel Dagobert - His life, his billion (2003), pp. 6-10 (p. 7).
  25. ↑ See Ernst Horst: Just no sentimentalities - As Dr. Erika Fuchs moved Duckburg to Germany , p. 265.
  26. ↑ See INDUCKS-Index: Don Rosa (accessed December 11, 2011).
  27. ↑ a b Cf. Don Rosa: Foreword to Onkel Dagobert - His life, his billion / The biography of Don Rosa (2008), pp. 5-7 (p. 6).
  28. ↑ a b See Jochen Bölsche: Das Ende der Ente , Spiegel Online , July 28, 2009, Part 2: A comic as a textbook (accessed on December 11, 2011).
  29. ↑ a b See Jochen Bölsche: Das Ende der Ente , Spiegel Online , July 28, 2009, 2nd and 3rd part (accessed December 10, 2011).
  30. ↑ a b Jörg Böckem: Dagobert-Duck-Biography: Image campaign for bankers , Spiegel Online, February 2, 2009 (accessed December 11, 2011).
  31. ↑ Cf. Don Rosa: Behind the Scenes of The Unscrupulous Businessman from Duckburg , in: Onkel Dagobert - His Life, His Billions / The Biography of Don Rosa (2008), p. 239 f. (P. 239).
  32. ↑ Don Rosa: Behind the Scenes of The Unscrupulous Businessman from Duckburg , in: Onkel Dagobert - His Life, His Billions / The Biography of Don Rosa (2008), p. 239 f. (P. 239).
  33. ↑ Cf. Don Rosa: Behind the Scenes of The Hermit of the Villa Duck , in: Onkel Dagobert - His Life, His Billions / The Biography of Don Rosa (2008), p. 262 f.
  34. ↑ a b See Jochen Bölsche: Das Ende der Ente , Spiegel Online , July 28, 2009, Part 3: Changes in an Arch Capitalist (accessed on December 11, 2011).
  35. ↑ Jochen Bölsche: Das Ende der Ente , Spiegel Online , July 28, 2009, Part 3: Changes of an Arch Capitalist (accessed on December 18, 2011).
  36. ↑ Ehapa.de - Comic News: Daniel Branca ( Memento of the original from February 19, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (accessed December 13, 2011). @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ehapa.de
  37. ↑ a b Cf. Andreas Platthaus: Congratulations, Mr. Duck! , in: 60 Jahre Onkel Dagobert , 2007 pp. 4–7 (p. 7).
  38. ↑ a b Cf. on Vicar also Lidia Cannatella: Barks' "Vize": Vicar , in: Carl Barks - Der Vater der Ducks , p. 248.
  39. ↑ Cf. Lidia Cannatella: With love from Venice: Giorgio Cavazzano , in: Carl Barks - Der Vater der Ducks , p. 208.
  40. ↑ Cf. Lidia Cannatella: An unconventional author: Massimo De Vita , in: Carl Barks - Der Vater der Ducks , p. 198.
  41. ↑ Cf. INDUCKS: Gitta Gans (accessed December 14, 2011).
  42. ↑ See Lidia Cannatella: With love from Venice: Giorgio Cavazzano , in: Carl Barks - Der Vater der Ducks , p. 208.
  43. ↑ Scrooge McDuck and Money on YouTube : Part 1 , Part 2 .
  44. ↑ Cf. Don Rosa: A tour through the saga , in: Onkel Dagobert - His life, his billion (2003), p. 15.
  45. ↑ Cf. Johnny A. Grote: Don Rosa - Der Lockruf Entenhausen , in: Onkel Dagobert - His life, his billion (2003), pp. 6-10 (p. 9).
  46. ↑ Cf. Johnny A. Grote: Don Rosa - Der Lockruf Entenhausen , in: Onkel Dagobert - His life, his billion (2003), pp. 6-10 (pp. 9 f.).
  47. ↑ Cf. 65 years of Dagobert Duck: Ten secrets about the rich duck - image 1 , sueddeutsche.de, November 23, 2012 (accessed on November 23, 2012).
  48. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Cf. Michael Fabricius: How did Dagobert get so rich , in: Welt am Sonntag, September 25, 2011, p. 75.
  49. ↑ a b See Glasgow claims McDuck as it owns , BBC News , October 1, 2007 (accessed December 16, 2011).
  50. ↑ 50 years of Onkel Dagobert, Ehapa Verlag, Stuttgart, 1997, p. 4
  51. ↑ Cf. Don Rosa: Once upon a time in Glasgow , in: Ders .: Onkel Dagobert - His Life, His Billions , 2003, pp. 16-18 (p. 16): "The first" Barks'sche fact ", [ ...] is the existence of the two Dagobert sisters [...]. The source used was a family tree that Barks made in the 50s [sic!] ".
  52. ↑ Cf. Don Rosa: Dagobert, der Magnat , in: Onkel Dagobert - His life, his billion (2003), pp. 218–220 (p. 218).
  53. ↑ Michael Barrier: Carl Barks and the Art of the Comic Book , p. 45: "an elderly duck who looked like Donald with side whiskers and glasses"
  54. ↑ See Henner Löffler: How ducks dwell - The Ducks from A to Z , p. 71 f.
  55. ↑ For example in Don Rosa: Uncle Dagobert - His life, his billions (2003).
  56. ↑ See Henner Löffler: How ducks live - The Ducks from A to Z , p. 70.
  57. ↑ a b cf. Henner Löffler: How ducks dwell - The Ducks from A to Z , p. 75 f.
  58. ↑ a b Bernd Dolle-Weidenkauff: Dagobert Duck: From curmudgeon to fantastic billionaire - Some chapters from the prehistory of the richest duck in the world (PDF; 11.0 MB), Research Frankfurt 2/2012, p. 124 (p. 126).
  59. ↑ See Henner Löffler: How ducks live - The Ducks from A to Z , p. 91.
  60. ↑ a b Michael Noer / David M. Ewalt: The Forbes Fictional 15 , forbes.com, April 1, 2011 (accessed January 4, 2012).
  61. ↑ Michael Noer / David M. Ewalt: Scrooge McDuck , forbes.com, April 1, 2011 (accessed January 4, 2012).
  62. ↑ a b Andreas Platthaus: Congratulations, Mr. Duck! , in: 60 Jahre Onkel Dagobert , 2007, pp. 4–7 (p. 6).
  63. ↑ Bernd Dolle-Weidenkauff: Dagobert Duck: From curmudgeon to fantastic billionaire - Some chapters from the prehistory of the richest duck in the world (PDF; 11.0 MB), Research Frankfurt 2/2012, p. 124 (p. 125).
  64. ↑ See Henner Löffler: How ducks live - The Ducks from A to Z , p. 77.
  65. ↑ a b Cf. Dirk Müller , in: Immer schön nach dem Schnabel , Sonntags-Echo [weekend magazine of the Darmstädter Echos], November 24, 2012, p. 5.
  66. ↑ Alberto Becattini: The figures of the master: The lively people of Carl Barks , in: Carl Barks - Der Vater der Ducks , S. 182-185 (S. 183).
  67. ↑ a b Cf. Alberto Becattini: The figures of the master: Das luntere Völkchen des Carl Barks , in: Carl Barks - Der Vater der Ducks , S. 182-185 (S. 183).
  68. ↑ Cf. Luca Boschi: In the universe of speech bubbles - Die Comics von Carl Barks , in: Carl Barks - Der Vater der Ducks , P. 68-75 (P. 74).
  69. ↑ Cf. Michael Bregel: Primus von Quack - family expert for everything , in: Die Ducks - Eine Familienchronik , p. 240 f. (P. 240)).
  70. ↑ a b Cf. Dagobert Duck - Reicher Erbonkel with a rich family heritage , in: Die Ducks - Eine Familienchronik , p. 165 f. (P. 166).
  71. ↑ Cf. Don Rosa: Dagobert, der Magnat , in: Onkel Dagobert - His life, his billion (2003), pp. 218–220 (p. 220).
  72. ↑ Don Rosa: Die Eroberung Entenhausen , in: Onkel Dagobert - His life, his billion (2003), pp. 200-202 (p. 201).
  73. ↑ See also Michael Bregel: Oma Duck - The good soul of the clan , in: Die Ducks - Eine Familienchronik , p. 254 f. (P. 255); Dagobert Duck - Rich Erbonkel with a rich family heritage , ibid., P. 165 f. (P. 166); The Ducks - a family drama in an infinite number of acts , ibid., Pp. 5–10 (p. 9).
  74. ↑ In the episode Back to the Klondike (German: Im Goldrausch ; Season 1, Episode 58).
  75. ↑ Cf. Andreas Platthaus: In the shadow of the money store , in: Onkel Dagobert - billion robbery in Entenhausen , p. 5–10 (p. 6).
  76. ↑ See Don Rosa: Drei Jubilees , in: Onkel Dagobert - Billions robbery in Entenhausen , p. 11-14 (p. 12).
  77. ↑ Cf. Don Rosa: Drei Jubilees , in: Onkel Dagobert - Billions robbery in Entenhausen , p. 11-14 (p. 13).
  78. ↑ a b Cf. Alberto Becattini: The figures of the master: Das luntere Völkchen des Carl Barks , in: Carl Barks - Der Vater der Ducks , S. 182-185 (S. 182).
  79. ↑ Don Rosa: Three Anniversaries , in: Onkel Dagobert - Billion Robbery in Entenhausen , 2011, pp. 11-14 (p. 13).
  80. ↑ Cf. Don Rosa: Drei Jubilees , in: Onkel Dagobert –Million robbery in Duckburg , pp. 11-14 (p. 13).
  81. ↑ Cf. Don Rosa: Between cattle and cowboys in Montana ... , in: Onkel Dagobert - His life, his billion (2003), pp. 66–68 (p. 66).
  82. ↑ a b c Cf. Wolfgang J. Fuchs: Klaas Klever - Dagoberts eternal competitor , in: Heimliche Helden , Volume 10: Klaas Klever, p. 4–10 (p. 4 f.)
  83. ↑ See Wolfgang J. Fuchs: Klaas Klever - Dagoberts eternal competitor , in: Heimliche Helden , Volume 10: Klaas Klever, p. 4–10 (p. 5 f.)
  84. ↑ See Wolfgang J. Fuchs: Klaas Klever - Dagoberts eternal competitor , in: Heimliche Helden , Volume 10: Klaas Klever, pp. 4–10 (pp. 4–7, 9).
  85. ↑ See Wolfgang J. Fuchs: Klaas Klever - Dagoberts eternal competitor , in: Heimliche Helden , Volume 10: Klaas Klever, p. 4–10 (p. 8 f.).
  86. ↑ See Wolfgang J. Fuchs: Klaas Klever - Dagoberts eternal competitor , in: Heimliche Helden , Volume 10: Klaas Klever, pp. 4–10 (p. 10).
  87. ↑ See Wolfgang J. Fuchs: Klaas Klever - Dagoberts eternal competitor , in: Heimliche Helden , Volume 10: Klaas Klever, p. 4–10 (p. 8).
  88. ↑ Cf. Andreas Platthaus: In the shadow of the money store , in: Onkel Dagobert - Billion robbery in Entenhausen , p. 5–10 (p. 8).
  89. ↑ Cf. Andreas Platthaus: In the shadow of the money store , in: Onkel Dagobert - billion robbery in Entenhausen , pp. 5–10 (p. 5).
  90. ↑ a b Cf. Don Rosa: Die Eroberung Entenhausen , in: Ders .: Onkel Dagobert - His life, his billion , 2003, pp. 200-202 (p. 202).
  91. ↑ See Don Rosa: Drei Jubilees , in: Onkel Dagobert - Billions robbery in Entenhausen , p. 11-14 (p. 14).
  92. ↑ a b Cf. Henner Löffler: How ducks live - The Ducks from A to Z , p. 79.
  93. ↑ See Henner Löffler: How ducks live - The Ducks from A to Z , p. 71.
  94. ↑ Cf. Wolfgang J. Fuchs: 100 years of Carl Barks: The most famous building in Entenhausen , in: Lustiges Taschenbuch No. 285, p. 3 f.
  95. ↑ Cf. 65 years of Dagobert Duck: Ten secrets about the rich duck - picture 5 , sueddeutsche.de, November 23, 2012 (accessed on November 23, 2012).
  96. ↑ See Henner Löffler: How ducks dwell - The Ducks from A to Z , p. 73.
  97. ↑ Cf. Bernd Dolle-Weidenkauff: Dagobert Duck: From curmudgeon to a fantastic billionaire - some chapters from the prehistory of the richest duck in the world (PDF; 11.0 MB), Research Frankfurt 2/2012, p. 124 (p. 125).
  98. ↑ See Henner Löffler: How ducks dwell - The Ducks from A to Z , pp. 82–84.
  99. ↑ a b cf. Henner Löffler: How ducks live - The Ducks from A to Z , p. 84.
  100. ↑ See also Andreas Platthaus: In the shadow of the money storage , in: Onkel Dagobert - billion robbery in Entenhausen , p. 5–10 (p. 9).
  101. ↑ See Henner Löffler: How ducks dwell - The Ducks from A to Z , p. 82 f.
  102. ↑ For a compilation of various information, especially in German-language comics, cf. Duckipdia: Dagobert Duck / The greatest fortune in the world / Wealth quantifications ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed December 16, 2011 . @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.duckipedia.de
  103. ↑ Fenton Crackshell in the episode Liquid Assets (German: breakthrough successful - intention missed ; season 2, episode 71).
  104. ↑ See Henner Löffler: How ducks live - The Ducks from A to Z , p. 83.
  105. ↑ See Henner Löffler: How ducks dwell - The Ducks from A to Z , pp. 89–91
  106. ↑ See Henner Löffler: How ducks dwell - The Ducks from A to Z , p. 204.
  107. ↑ See Henning Hagerup: Don Rosa - Thoroughness and Enthusiasm , in: Hall of Fame 7: Don Rosa , p. 4–8 (p. 6).
  108. ↑ a b c d Matthias Heine: Ducks like Dagobert are not grasshoppers , Welt Online, December 24, 2007 (accessed December 16, 2011).
  109. ↑ See also Bernd Dolle-Weidenkauff: Dagobert Duck: From curmudgeon to fantastic billionaire - some chapters from the prehistory of the richest duck in the world (PDF; 11.0 MB), Research Frankfurt 2/2012, p. 124.
  110. ↑ Quoted from COMICS / "MICKY MAUS": Disciple Maos . In: Der Spiegel . No. 43 , 1969, p. 65-67 ( Online - Oct. 20, 1969 ). (P. 67).
  111. ↑ a b c Cf. Robert Boyd: Uncle $ crooge, Imperialist - How to Read Donald Duck , in: The Comics Journal No. 138: 52-55 (1990) (p. 52).
  112. ↑ a b See David Kunzle: Dispossession by Ducks: The Imperialist Treasure Hunt in Southeast Asia , in: Art Journal Vol. 49 (1990), No. 2: Depictions of the Dispossessed , pp. 159-166 (p. 159).
  113. ^ A b See Robert Boyd: Uncle $ crooge, Imperialist - How to Read Donald Duck , in: The Comics Journal No. 138: 52-55 (1990) (p. 55).
  114. ↑ a b c Cf. also Russell W. Belk: Material Values ​​in Comics: A Content Analysis of Comic Books Featuring Themes of Wealth , in: Journal of Consumer Research Vol. 14 (1987), No. 1, pp. 26-42 (p. 35).
  115. ^ Robert Boyd: Uncle $ crooge, Imperialist - How to Read Donald Duck , in: The Comics Journal No. 138 (1990), pp. 52-55 (p. 53): "The authors' purpose was to expose the ideology they believed to be inherent in Disney comics. [… They discovered] Disney comics were a sort of borgeois fantasy land where all traces of production […] were excluded ” .
  116. ^ Robert Boyd: Uncle $ crooge, Imperialist - How to Read Donald Duck , in: The Comics Journal No. 138 (1990), pp. 52-55 (p. 53): "Disney ends up creating a aberrant, sexless world."
  117. ^ A b c d Robert Boyd: Uncle $ crooge, Imperialist - How to Read Donald Duck , in: The Comics Journal No. 138: 52-55 (1990) (p. 53).
  118. ^ A b Robert Boyd: Uncle $ crooge, Imperialist - How to Read Donald Duck , in: The Comics Journal No. 138: 52-55 (1990) (p. 54).
  119. ^ Robert Boyd: Uncle $ crooge, Imperialist - How to Read Donald Duck , in: The Comics Journal No. 138 (1990), pp. 52-55 (p. 53): "The treasures that Donald is constantly finding are not the products of any living person, but of long dead civilizations that left no heirs."
  120. ^ Similar to Geoffrey Blum: Bodenschätze , in: Carl Barks Library Special: Onkel Dagobert 14 (2000), pp. 29–31 (p. 31).
  121. ↑ David Kunzle: Carl Barks Dagobert and Donald Duck - World Conquest from a duck's perspective , p. 12.
  122. ↑ David Kunzle: Carl Barks Dagobert and Donald Duck - World Conquest from a duck's perspective , p. 15.
  123. ↑ David Kunzle: Carl Barks Dagobert and Donald Duck - World Conquest from a duck's perspective , p. 17.
  124. ↑ David Kunzle: Carl Barks Dagobert and Donald Duck - World Conquest from a duck's perspective , p. 16.
  125. ^ David Kunzle: Dispossession by Ducks: The Imperialist Treasure Hunt in Southeast Asia , in: Art Journal Vol. 49 (1990), No. 2: Depictions of the Dispossessed , pp. 159-166 (p. 160).
  126. ↑ Quoted from Jochen Bölsche: Das Ende der Ente , Spiegel Online , July 28, 2009, Part 1 (accessed December 17, 2011).
  127. ↑ Cf. Geoffrey Blum: Kalter Krieg, warmes Herz , in Carl Barks Library Special: Onkel Dagobert 12 (2000), p. 30 f. (P. 31).
  128. ↑ a b Cf. Russell W. Belk: Material Values ​​in Comics: A Content Analysis of Comic Books Featuring Themes of Wealth , in: Journal of Consumer Research Vol. 14 (1987), No. 1, pp. 26-42 (pp. 33-36).
  129. ↑ Cf. Geoffrey Blum: Bodenschätze , in: Carl Barks Library Special: Onkel Dagobert 14 (2000), pp. 29–31 (p. 31).
  130. ↑ See also Matthias Heine: Ducks like Dagobert are not grasshoppers , Welt Online, December 24, 2007 (accessed December 16, 2011).
  131. ↑ See also Peter Mühlbauer: Dagobert Duck is 60 , heise.de , December 24, 2007 (accessed December 10, 2010).
  132. ^ Similar to Geoffrey Blum: The source of the golden waterfall - Part I: The suffering king , in: Carl Barks Library Special: Onkel Dagobert 14 (2000), pp. 60-62 (p. 61).
  133. ↑ Cf. Russell W. Belk: Material Values ​​in Comics: A Content Analysis of Comic Books Featuring Themes of Wealth , in: Journal of Consumer Research Vol. 14 (1987), No. 1, pp. 26-42 (p. 36).
  134. ↑ See Rupert Koppold: A Capitalist? No, a saver! , Stuttgarter-Zeitung.de, November 23, 2012 (accessed November 12, 2012).
  135. ↑ Andreas Platthaus: Congratulations, Mr. Duck! , in: 60 Jahre Onkel Dagobert , pp. 4–7 (p. 5).
  136. ↑ Ernst Horst: Just no sentimentalities - As Dr. Erika Fuchs moved Duckburg to Germany , 230.
  137. ↑ Cf. Geoffrey Blum: Kalter Krieg, warmes Herz , in Carl Barks Library Special: Onkel Dagobert 12 (2000), p. 30 f. (P. 30).
  138. ↑ Cf. Russell W. Belk: Material Values ​​in Comics: A Content Analysis of Comic Books Featuring Themes of Wealth , in: Journal of Consumer Research Vol. 14 (1987), No. 1, pp. 26-42 (p. 33).
  139. ↑ David Kunzle: Carl Barks Dagobert and Donald Duck - World Conquest from a duck's perspective , p. 9.
  140. ↑ David Kunzle: Carl Barks Dagobert and Donald Duck - Welteroberung from a duck's perspective , p. 9 f.
  141. ^ Similar to Ernst Horst: Just no sentimentalities - As Dr. Erika Fuchs moved Duckburg to Germany , 220–231
  142. ↑ David Kunzle: Carl Barks Dagobert and Donald Duck - World Conquest from a Duck's Perspective , p. 10.
  143. ↑ Quoted from COMICS / "MICKY MAUS": Disciple Maos . In: Der Spiegel . No. 43 , 1969, p. 65-67 ( Online - Oct. 20, 1969 ). (P. 65).
  144. ↑ See also Ernst Horst: Just no sentimentalities - As Dr. Erika Fuchs moved Duckburg to Germany , 229 f.
  145. ↑ Cf. Russell W. Belk: Material Values ​​in Comics: A Content Analysis of Comic Books Featuring Themes of Wealth , in: Journal of Consumer Research Vol. 14 (1987), No. 1, pp. 26-42 (pp. 35 f.).
  146. ↑ Volker App: A Talerbad Every Day - Dagobert Duck for his 60th birthday , dradio.de , December 23, 2007 (accessed December 10, 2011).
  147. ↑ Cf. Luca Boschi: The life of the master: Carl Barks, from the errand boy ... to the comic artist , in: Carl Barks - Der Vater der Ducks , p. 10-17 (p. 14).
  148. ↑ See 65 years of Dagobert Duck: Ten secrets about the rich duck - picture 7 , sueddeutsche.de, November 23, 2012 (accessed on November 23, 2012).
  149. ↑ See Andreas Platthaus: Congratulations, Mr. Duck! , in: 60 Jahre Onkel Dagobert , p. 4–7 (p. 6).
  150. ↑ See Peter Mühlbauer: Dagobert Duck is 60 , heise.de , December 24, 2007 (accessed on August 13, 2010).
  151. ↑ Cf. Michael Fabricius: How did Dagobert get so rich? , in: Welt am Sonntag, September 25, 2011, p. 75.
  152. ^ Forbes Fictional 15 (2007) , forbes.com (accessed August 14, 2010).
  153. ↑ Michael Noer: Fictional 15 - No. 2 McDuck, Scrooge , forbes.com, December 18, 2008 (accessed August 14, 2010).
  154. ↑ Fictional 15 - No. 2 McDuck, Scrooge , forbes.com, April 14, 2010 (accessed August 14, 2010).
  155. ↑ Michael Noer: Fictional 15 - No. 1 Uncle Sam , forbes.com, December 18, 2008 (accessed August 14, 2010).
  156. ↑ Fictional 15 - No. 1 Cullen, Carlisle , forbes.com, April 14, 2010 (accessed August 14, 2010).
  157. ↑ David M. Ewalt: The 2012 Forbes Fictional 15 , forbes.com, April 20, 2012 (accessed June 17, 2014).
  158. ↑ David M. Ewalt: The 2013 Forbes Fictional 15 , forbes.com, July 31, 2013 (accessed June 17, 2014).
  159. ↑ See Henry Sutton: Notes toward the Destitution of Culture , in: The Kenyon Review , Vol. 30 (1968), No. 1, pp. 108-115 (p. 115).
  160. ↑ See Walter Block : A Critique of the Legal and Philosophical Case for Rent Control , in: Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 40 (2002), No. 1, pp. 75-90 (p. 83).
  161. ↑ Through the gully . In: Der Spiegel . No. 17 , 1993, p. 106 f . ( online ).
  162. ↑ Duckburg is everywhere . In: Der Spiegel . No. 52 , 1993, pp. 74–81 ( online - here p. 77).
  163. ↑ Tuomas Holopainen on chartsurfer.de (accessed June 17, 2014).
  164. ↑ See e.g. B. Henner Löffler: How ducks live - The Ducks from A to Z , p. 414 f .: “The arbitrariness of the total dissolution of picture orders and sizes, the painting of entire panels, finds its equal counterpart in the ruthlessness with which here Barks' text became the occasion for his own dubious formulations. "
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