Čačak

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Чачак
Čačak
Чачак
Čačak coat of arms
Čačak (Serbia)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Serbia
Okrug : Moravica
Coordinates : 43 ° 53 '  N , 20 ° 21'  E Coordinates: 43 ° 53 '16 "  N , 20 ° 20' 42"  E
Height : 204  m. i. J.
Area : 636  km²
Residents : 72,148 (2011)
Agglomeration : 117,072 (2011)
Population density : 113 inhabitants per km²
Telephone code : (+381) (0) 32
Postal code : 32101
License plate : ČA
Structure and administration
Community type: city
Mayor : Velimir Stanojević ( NS )
Website :

Čačak ( Serbian - Cyrillic Чачак ; German outdated Zazach ) is a city in central Serbia . It is the eighth largest city in Serbia and the administrative seat of the Okrug Moravica . According to the 2011 census, there were 72,148 inhabitants in the city.

Geographical location

In the west of the city is the administrative seat of Požega des Okrug Zlatibor . In the east lies the town of Knić in Okrug Šumadija and in the southeast the administrative seat of Kraljevo of Okrug Raška .

The city center lies at an altitude of 204 m above sea level. The total area of ​​the city and its surroundings extends over 636 km² and can be divided into the following landscapes:

The names of the surrounding mountains are:

The Western Morava flows across the mountainous landscape.

The Čačanska Kotlina landscape is mainly used for agricultural purposes. The two mountains Kablar and Ovčar are covered by the nature protection law of Serbia. The nature reserve in which they are located is called Ovčarska-Kablanska Klisura . This heavily forested area is rich in vegetation and also offers protection for some endangered animal species. Therefore there is special state protection.

climate

Čačak falls in the continental climatic zone . The annual average temperature is 10.5 ° C and the average humidity 80.7%. Čačak is sheltered from the wind between four mountain ranges. The average wind strength of the southerly winds is only 2 m / s, that of the easterly 1.4 m / s.

history

Antiquity

Find from the Neolithic near Čačak

The oldest archaeological finds found in this area date from the Stone Age between the years 8000 and 3200 BC. There were also pieces of jewelry from the Bronze Age and a burial site from around 500 BC. BC, which was apparently built for former nobles, as the graves were full of gold jewelry, silver jewelry and coins.

Agricultural tools and numerous other artefacts from Roman times were also found.

The oldest finds, which suggest that Serbs settled here at this time, date from the 10th century.

middle Ages

At the time of Stefan Nemanja , this area was under the leadership of his brother Stracimir Nemanja between 1168 and 1189 , who built the Gradac monastery here.

Čačak is documented with its present name for the first time on December 18, 1408 in a document in the Dubrovica archive .

At the time of the Ottoman Empire there was a large number of skirmishes and unrest between the Ottomans and Austria , especially during the Vienna War in the years 1683–1699. At that time the imperial army advanced as far as Čačak, when there were also increased Serb revolts against the Ottomans. But after two years, the Ottomans recaptured the entire area. In 1716 the war broke out again. At that time Čačak consisted of only about 150 houses and was liberated shortly after the Peace of Passarowitz in 1717. A renewed offensive by the Ottomans shortly afterwards was the city's undoing, as it was completely set on fire in 1738.

After this region was again in Ottoman hands, it remained a wasteland for a long time and was not settled until the second half of the 18th century by settlers from the rest of Serbia, Montenegro , Herzegovina , Bosnia and other parts of the Balkans, whose descendants are still 90 today Percent of the population of Čačak. Around 1788 the inner city was set on fire by supporters of Aleks Nenadović .

In 1804 the city was liberated during the first Serbian uprising . According to a 1808 census, only 250 people lived in Čačak.

In 1813 Serbia was attacked again by the Ottoman authorities and Čačak fell under their rule again. The subsequent Ottoman reprisals gave rise to the idea of ​​a renewed Serbian uprising.

In 1814 there was a small uprising of the peasants in a village near Čačak, but they were quickly disarmed and beheaded before the people of Čačak knew about it. In 1815 the nucleus of the second Serbian uprising arose in Takovo , which spread over a large part of Serbia. The Great Battle of Čačak lasted from April 24th to June 13th and ended in favor of the Serbs, as the Ottoman army commander Imsir fell in the battle and the remnants of his army withdrew to the interior.

Younger story

After the second Serbian uprising , the city developed rapidly, although it only had 900 inhabitants after the final march of the Ottomans from Serbia.

In 1834 the old monastery was completely restored. In 1837 the construction of the new grammar school began . As early as the middle of the 19th century, the city had 1500 inhabitants. Even today, the Inner City is still reminiscent of the Serbian architecture of the 19th century and the rule of Miloš Obrenović .

After the Berlin Congress and Serbia's declaration of independence in 1878, Čačak became the economic and agricultural trading center in western Serbia.

In 1911 the first narrow-gauge railway line was opened. As a result, Čačak developed into an important railway junction in the Serbian and Yugoslav railway network. Due to the economic boom, the city continued to grow and the number of inhabitants doubled and tripled between 1830 and 1890. In 1910 the population was already 5,671.

After three years of Austrian occupation, the city was conquered on October 25, 1918 and from then on developed rapidly, but this time in a completely new environment, since the borders of Serbia and the new state of Yugoslavia were now officially set.

In 1921 the city was electrified . As a result, new industrial operations were opened shortly afterwards in 1930 (paper mill, arms and armaments factory). The intellectual further education was not neglected during this time, as further schools and high schools were founded. The monastery and the newer churches have been restored or renovated. From 1927 new extensive residential complexes were built. From 1918 to 1941 the population grew from 6,000 to 13,000.

In 1941 the city became the center of the civil war between partisans and Chetniks . During the Second World War , the German occupying forces suppressed the civilian population, liquidated many residents who resisted and stole the city's economic goods.

On December 4, 1944 Čačak was the Allied troops of the Red Army conquered and the partisans.

From 1945 onwards, the city recovered as it did after the numerous previous conflicts. It was rebuilt, creating businesses, cultural institutions, sports facilities, and more. The population continued to develop positively (1961: 27,642, 1991: 71,392, 2002: 117,072).

The following important information is missing from this article or section:
The story after 1945 lacks any context. Socialism and the Balkan Wars will not have passed the city by.
Help Wikipedia by researching and pasting it .

Culture

  • National Museum ( Народни музеј , built in 1835): Archaeological finds, First and Second Serbian Uprising, partisan wars , old documents
  • Art Gallery ( Уметничка галерија “Надежда Петровић” ): Nadežda Petrović's picture gallery
  • Municipal library ( Градска библиотека ): books, magazines (late 19th century to today), over 120,000 titles
  • Culture house ( Дом културе ): event hall, two cinemas
  • Salon of Photographs ( Салон фотографије ): Photo collection and historical archive

Sports

basketball

Within Serbia, Čačak is regarded as the stronghold of basketball, which enjoys a high status in Serbia as a sport due to many international successes. KK Borac plays in the highest Serbian league and has produced important players, led by Dragan Kićanović and Željko Obradović . In the recent past, other Serbian national players from Čačak have joined them:

Soccer

The largest football club in the city is Borac Čačak .

Town twinning

Sons and daughters of the church

Web links

Commons : Čačak  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ 2011 census ( memento of the original from January 30, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / static.politika.co.rs
  2. ↑ Basketball-Bundesliga.de: The legend of Cacak  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Article by Sebastian Finis for FORWARD magazine, published on the BBL website on December 15, 2010, accessed on August 11, 2011@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.basketball-bundesliga.de