Adolf von Bomhard

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left to right: Wilhelm Stuckart , Wilhelm Frick , Bomhard , Konrad Henlein , Hans Krebs on a state visit on September 23, 1938

Adolf Theodor Ernst von Bomhard (born January 6, 1891 in Augsburg , † July 19, 1976 in Prien am Chiemsee ) was a German SS group leader and lieutenant general of the police in the Third Reich . In the Federal Republic he was mayor of Prien am Chiemsee from 1960 to 1966.

Life

Origin and family

Adolf von Bomhard was the son of the later Bavarian major general Karl Eduard Christoph von Bomhard (1866-1938) and his wife Marie Ludovika Mathilde, born von Heinleth (born June 13, 1867 in Augsburg). She was the daughter of the later Bavarian General of Infantry and Minister of War Adolf von Heinleth . Adolf was the grandson of a sister of the author Felix Dahn .

Bomhard married Emilie Franziska Hengeler on March 28, 1917 (born May 16, 1890 in Munich). She was the daughter of the painter Adolf Hengeler .

First World War and Weimar Republic (1891–1932)

After attending high school in Munich, he completed a semester at the Technical University of Munich and joined on 18 July 1910 as a cadet in the Infantry Regiment body of the Bavarian army , and in 1912 to lieutenant promoted. During the First World War he took part with his regiment as platoon , company and battalion commander, battalion adjutant, orderly officer and regimental adjutant in the battles in France, Tyrol, Serbia, Macedonia, Veneto, Romania and Hungary. He was wounded several times. Bomhard ended the war as a captain (since October 18, 1918) and awarded both classes of the Iron Cross and the Order of Military Merit IV class.

After the armistice in Compiègne , Bomhard returned home with his regiment and was head of the demobilization there before he was released from active service in September 1919. His regimental commander during World War I was Franz von Epp , whose Freikorps Bomhard joined in 1920. He then served in various functions in the Bavarian State Police . In 1921 he was made a knight of honor in the Order of St. John . In the same year Bomhard wrote the official regimental history of the Infantry Leib Regiment.

Police career in the Third Reich (1933–1945)

Bomhard with Kurt Daluege in France in May 1940

From 1933 Bomhard was chief of staff at the Brandenburg State Police Inspection. In the same year he also became a supporting member of the SS . He had been a member of the NSDAP since 1937 and the SS since March 1938 . From the appointment of RFSS Himmler as head of the German police in June 1936 to October 1942, Bomhard headed the command office in the main police department of the Ministry of the Interior, his superior was Kurt Daluege . From 1939 the main task of the command office was to provide and manage the deployment of police units in the war.

In April 1937 he was appointed major general of the police, and two years later he was appointed lieutenant general. In November 1940 he was appointed SS-Gruppenführer and in November 1942 he was appointed Commander of the Ordnungspolizei (BdO) in the Reichskommissariat Ukraine in Kiev , where he replaced SS-Gruppenführer and Police General Otto von Oelhafen . In the late summer of 1943 the office was relocated to Rowno . In October 1943 Bomhard was replaced in the Ukraine by Colonel Werner Lorge. In 1944 Bomhard was appointed inspector of the police schools, from 1944 to 1945 he was head of the police in occupied Moravia .

Post-war period and participation in Nazi trials (from 1945)

Bomhard was denazified in Rosenheim .

At the Nuremberg trial of the main war criminals on August 26, 1946, the defense attorney for the SS Horst Pelckmann , who had been accused of being a criminal organization, argued that the SS police regiments had been mistakenly viewed as SS regiments by the prosecution. Proof of the thesis should also be the supposedly compulsory and automatic grade adjustment of police ranks to those of the SS. To this end, he put a sworn statement before Bomhards, later by numerous SS functionaries of the police as a clean bill of health was used. This was a deliberate false statement.

Bomhard appeared as an expert or witness in further Nazi trials against members of the regulatory police, for example in the proceedings against Johann Josef Kuhr and other former members of Police Battalion 306 , Police Rider Department 2 and the SD office of Pinsk at the Frankfurt am Main regional court 1962-1973.

He worked in an advisory capacity on the book published in 1957 by Hans Joachim Neufeldt , Jürgen Huck and Georg Tessin for the Federal Archives : Zur Geschichte der Ordnungspolizei 1936–1945 .

In April 1962 he sent a memorandum to Werner Best , which dealt with the statute of limitations on complicity in murder and the emergency under orders. Best was an advocate of general amnesty for Nazi perpetrators. Bomhard headed the German department of the “Salzburger Kreis”, a loose association of around 80 former German and Austrian police officers who complained about the reenactments of “perverted justice” against Nazi perpetrators, especially colleagues.

Mayor and honorary citizen of Prien am Chiemsee (1960–1971)

In 1958, Bomhard was co-author of the commemorative publication for the 800th anniversary of Prien am Chiemsee , which was published on behalf of the municipality.

From 1960 to 1966 Adolf von Bomhard was mayor of Prien am Chiemsee. In 1971 he was made an "honorary citizen" of Prien am Chiemsee because of his involvement in local history and the mayor's office.

reception

As a "past-political actor on his own behalf" (Marc von Miquel), Bomhard was part of the clergy and collusion cartels of police members who had been involved in crimes and were looking for their way back into the police service after 1945.

In 2001 in Prien am Chiemsee there was still a “Von-Bomhard-Weg” named after this family, against which Jakob Knab and an initiative against false glory protested.

In May 2013, the local council unanimously distanced itself “from the actions and orders” Bomhard “which led to the violation of human rights in the Third Reich. Based on the new findings, from today's perspective, honorary citizenship would no longer be granted. "

literature

  • Florian Dierl: Adolf von Bomhard: Chief of Staff of the Ordnungspolizei. In Klaus-Michael Mallmann & Gerhard Paul , eds .: Careers of violence. National Socialist perpetrator biographies. WBG , Darmstadt 2004. ISBN 3-534-16654-X ; unv. new edition 2005; including special edition by Primus, Darmstadt 2011 ISBN 978-3-89678-726-2 and by WBG 2011
  • Martin Hölzl: Green skirt and white vest: Adolf von Bomhard and the legend of the clean order police . In: Journal of History , Vol. 50, Issue 1, Berlin 2002, ISSN  0044-2828 pp. 22–43
  • Stefan Klemp: "Not determined". Police Battalions and the Post War Justice . 2nd edition, Klartext Verlag, Essen 2011, ISBN 978-3-8375-0663-1
  • Jakob Knab: Conscious forgetting: Adolf von Bomhard - involved in mass murder in 1942, made an honorary citizen of Prien in 1971 . In: "Geschichte quer" magazine of the Bavarian history workshops. No. 8, Aschaffenburg 2000. ZDB -ID 1211308-6
  • Dermot Bradley (ed.), Andreas Schulz , Günter Wegmann: The generals of the Waffen-SS and the police. The military careers of the generals, as well as the doctors, veterinarians, intendants, judges and ministerial officials with the rank of general. Volume 1: Abraham – Gutenberger. Biblio Publishing House. Bissendorf 2003. ISBN 3-7648-2373-9 . Pp. 130-134.

Writings and Estate

Web links

Commons : Adolf von Bomhard  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ^ Ernst Klee : Das Personenlexikon zum Third Reich , Frankfurt am Main 2007, p. 63
  2. ↑ a b In hardness and size . In: Der Spiegel . No. 17 , 1968, p. 96-98 ( Online - Apr. 22, 1968 ).
  3. ^ Adolf von Bomhard: The Royal Bavarian Infantry Body Regiment . Edited from the official war diaries on behalf of the former Infantry Leib Regiment in the publishing house of the Bavarian War Archives. Lindauer, Munich 1921.
  4. ↑ membership no. 111,671
  5. ↑ NSDAP membership number 3,933,982, SS membership number 292,711.
  6. ↑ Hans-Joachim Neufeldt, Development and Organization of the Main Office Ordnungspolizei, in: Neufeldt, Huck, Tessin, Zur Geschichte der Ordnungspolizei 1936 - 1945, series of publications of the Federal Archives 3, Koblenz 1957, page 50f., Page 102.
  7. ↑ Florian Dierl: Adolf von Bomhard - "Chief of Staff" of the Ordnungspolizei , Darmstadt 2004, p. 60f.
  8. ^ Affidavit SS-82 Minutes of the afternoon meeting of August 26, 1946
  9. ^ Detlev Graf von Schwerin: Friends and helpers of the regime? The police in the Nazi state. P. 99-108, here 104. In: Manuel Becker, Christoph Studt: The handling of the Third Reich with the enemies of the regime. XXII. Königswinterer Tagung (February 2009), p. 104 ( online )
  10. ↑ Torsten Schäfer: “In any case, I also took part in the shooting”. The NSG proceedings against Johann Josef Kuhr and other former members of Police Battalion 306, Police Rider Department 2 and the SD department of Pinsk at the Frankfurt am Main Regional Court 1962–1973; a text analytical case study on the history of mentality . LIT-Verlag, Münster 2007, ISBN 978-3-8258-0604-0 (also dissertation at TU Darmstadt 2006), p. 22 [1] .
  11. ↑ (= writings of the Federal Archives 3) Torsten Schäfer: “In any case, I also took part in the shooting”. The NSG proceedings against Johann Josef Kuhr and other former members of Police Battalion 306, Police Rider Department 2 and the SD department of Pinsk at the Frankfurt am Main Regional Court 1962–1973; a text analytical case study on the history of mentality . LIT-Verlag, Münster 2007, ISBN 978-3-8258-0604-0 . (At the same time dissertation at TU Darmstadt 2006.), p. 22
  12. ↑ Marc von Miquel: Ahnden or amnesty ?: West German justice and politics of the past in the sixties. Wallstein Verlag, 2004 p. 210 online
  13. ^ Prien am Chiemsee: A home book. Published on behalf of the municipality of Prien am Chiemsee on the occasion of the 800th anniversary with the participation of Adolf Sandberger and Adolf von Bomhard u. a. Publishing house of the market town. 1958. Review, Sniplet in the magazine for Bavarian regional history, Volume 23, CH Beck, 1960
  14. ↑ Marc von Miquel: Ahnden or amnesty ?: West German justice and politics of the past in the sixties . Wallstein Verlag, 2004 p. 11
  15. ↑ Federal Archives: Judicial files from NSG proceedings: A source-related handout for archive users. (PDF; 7.2 MB) Messages from the Federal Archives - Special Issue 2008, footnote 45.
  16. ↑ Christian Huber: "A first-class desk operator" . In: Oberbayerisches Volksblatt (Rosenheim), January 30, 2001.
  17. ↑ Council distances itself from "actions" . OVB May 18, 2013.
  18. ↑ http://www.bundesarchiv.de/imperia/md/content/bundesarchiv_de/oeffentlichkeitsarbeit/fach-publikationen/broschuere_flyer_berichte/taetigkeitsberichte/taetigkeitsbericht2005_06.pdf
personal data
SURNAME Bomhard, Adolf von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bomhard, Adolf Theodor Ernst von (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German SS group leader and lieutenant general in the Third Reich, later mayor and honorary citizen of Prien am Chiemsee
DATE OF BIRTH January 6, 1891
PLACE OF BIRTH augsburg
DATE OF DEATH July 19, 1976
Place of death Prien am Chiemsee