Old Sammit
Coordinates: 53 ° 39 ' N , 12 ° 14' E
Alt Sammit is a district of the city of Krakow am See in the Rostock district in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania , Germany .
geography
The place Alt Sammit is located in the center of the Mecklenburg Lake District southwest of Krakow am See on the northern edge of the Nossentiner / Schwinzer Heide nature reserve . In the south there are five lakes: Schwarzer See , Langsee , Alter Dorfsee , Kemlower See and Derliener See . To the west of the village are the elevations Hästerberg (75 m), Mühlenberg (74 m) and Galgenberg (65 m). To the east of Alt Sammit you can find the Krakower Buchenberg (81 m) and the Schleusenberg (63 m).
The built-up location is about 50–65 m above sea level. NHN
On the outskirts of Alt Sammit there is an entrance area of the nature park with information about the area of the Schwinzer Heide.
history
On December 15, 1274, Sammit was first mentioned in a document. Nikolaus von Werle and his sons Heinrich and Johann extended the privilege of the Dobbertin monastery from 1247 with three hooves in Sammit.
The name Samith (1274) is Slavic from the word Sammut and means Samotha or Samita as self-employed . In the archive of those of Weltzien , Tzamytte was the preferred spelling. The von Weltzien family came from Westphalia in the course of Christianization and acquired land in the former Slavic village of Samith. Many excavations and pits show early settlement on the edge of the valley.
The Sammit families of Weltzien were also closely connected with the Dobbertin monastery, because Adelheid von Weltzien was mentioned as a nun before 1409 and she was the prioress of the monastery from 1409 to 1428. The nuns were Ilsabe in 1461, Cristine and Anna in 1491 and Margarete von Weltzien in 1514 in the Dobbertiner monastery. After the Reformation, now as a noble women's monastery, from 1818 to 1822 Elenore von Weltzien was the deputy of the convent as prioress. She died at the age of 85 on November 15, 1822 in Dobbertin. Margarethe Ulrike Wilhelmine lived as a conventual until 1849, Hedwig Elisabeth Sophie until 1871, Sophie Ida Friederike until 1876 and Friederike Caroline Wilhelmine von Weltzin until 1893 in the Dobbertin Monastery.
Village
In the Middle Ages , Sammit was a farming village. In 1441 there were 19 farmers , four kossats and a total of 100 residents. In 1584 there were still ten farmers, 13 kossats and 125 inhabitants. A feudal letter was not issued until 1568. In 1586, after a site inspection and questioning of witnesses, a dispute between the Dobbertin monastery and the von Weltzien about logging rights and a drift over the Sammiter field was settled. Both sides want to be neighborly and not harm.
The tower hill castle , the chapel and the village were plundered and destroyed by the Swedes in the Thirty Years War in 1638. In 1649 the place was still described as desolate and deserted. After 1650, the reconstruction in Sammit began under Daniel von Weltzien and his wife Ilsabe. At the most important crossroads of the Sammiter and Bossower forest districts, the green hunter, Alexander von Weltzien had a jug built in the Dannen in 1693 .
In 1725, the Vorwerk Neu Sammit was built on the south bank of the Langsee and after 1750 the reforestation of the barren soil began there. In 1751 there were four farmers in the village, in 1855 only one. The farmers were in favor of the goods specified Service. The village remained in the possession of the von Weltzien families until 1793.
In 1798 the Schwinzer forester Gundlach and his hunter Colschhorn filed a lawsuit against Sammit residents for interfering with monastic hunting and for stealing wood in the Schwinz forest district.
In the first Mecklenburg-Schwerin census of 1819, the population was (according to lists in the Schwerin State Archives): 160 people; in the second Mecklenburg-Schwerin census of 1867: 162 people (plus 32 people who were absent for more than a year at the time of the census) - thus a considerable population growth in the first half of the 19th century, but no subsistence in the village itself could find.
In 1853 there was a school and a smithy in the village next to the estate and the small churches. In 1901 the teaching position went to the school assistant Glawe. In 1921 the assistant teacher W. Groth was also the sexton of the small stone church.
In 1945 there were 60 locals living in the village, 522 refugees from the eastern regions.
grange
The baroque Alt Sammiter Castle , built around 1674 by the Weltzien families, was a mansion that fell into disrepair in the mid-19th century. In addition to the horse stables and barns, the farm workers' cottages were located outside the estate.
The owners of the property were subsequently:
- 1793 Hofjägermeister Franz Heinrich von Plessen
- 1799 businessman Hermann Flügge from Hamburg
- 1800 Johann Christoph Alexander Koenemann
- 1826 Heinrich Seeliger
- 1833 Ludwig Friedrich Lübbe
- 1835 Dr. Georg Heinrich Franz Wertheimer
Until then, old and new Sammit and Grüner Jäger stayed in one hand. Alt Sammit was run as an independent estate under Wertheimer.
Other owners were:
- 1839 Georg Karl Riedel
- 1852 Eduard Diederichs
- 1874 Karl August Friedrich Wilhelm Albert von Meyenn
- 1878 Eduard Krause
- 1891 Johann Paul Wilhelm Günther Ehlermann
- 1898 Heinrich Eickhoff
- 1903 Councilor Dr. Otto Hecht
- 1939 daughter of Dr. Otto Hecht until 1945
In 1894, the Sammit estate still comprised 1,753 hectares of land, 844 hectares of which were arable land, 638 hectares of forest and 225 hectares of so-called surrounding land with bodies of water from the nine lakes. In 1903 the Alt Sammit estate was 936 hectares in size.
In 1945 the property was expropriated without compensation and 81 families were allocated ten hectares each.
In 1953 the first Alt Sammits farmers founded an LPG and in 1958 all farmers were members. After 1990 an agrarian society was established which continued the tradition of horse breeding by the von Weltzien family. In addition to the branch of the Ganschow stud, there is also a riding school and a horse clinic in Alt Sammit.
Buildings in the village
In the village there are four farm workers' houses from different construction times, in which 15 families lived. The years 1914 and 1920 can be read on two katen . They have been preserved in a modified and heavily modified form. Next to it is a two-story Schnitter carousel made of light clinker bricks, which was built in 1913 and is still used for residential purposes.
The village image is particularly shaped by the heavily modified single-family houses built as part of the Neubauer building program .
Incorporation
The previously independent community Alt Sammit was incorporated into Krakow am See on July 1, 1950.
Attractions
church
The first chapel of those von Weltzien is said to have stood at the foot of the Schleusenberg. In the middle of the 15th century, the Sammit branch church was already connected with the mother church in Krakow. The reformer Johann Babe was unable to assert himself in Krakow and carried out the Reformation in 1541 under the protection of von Weltzien from Sammit.
In 1638 the church was destroyed during the Thirty Years War and rebuilt after 1650 under Daniel von Weltzien. Re-consecrated in 1674, it was the burial place of the von Weltzien families until 1794. The family crypt was to be renewed in 1917 according to a design by V. von Weltzien.
The village church Alt Sammit is a simple field stone building on the basic shape of an elongated square from the 13th century and originally had an east gable as a half-timbered gable. The interior forms a closed space with the flat wooden ceiling. Their light openings are in the form of square windows in round arch niches. The almost Romanesque arch forms certainly date from around 1300. The tower was only built in front in 1863 and had two bells . The larger one without inscription, the smaller one was cast in 1863 by PM Hausbrandt in Wismar .
Inside the church there is the pulpit , a handcrafted renaissance carving in oak from the end of the 17th century. The altarpiece and pulpit are donations from the Weltzien party family. The wooden Pietà with the depiction of the mourning Maria from the 14th century was incorporated into a shrine in 1988 after restoration by the then Institute for Monument Preservation Schwerin. The altar painting donated by Ilsabe von Weltzien - Christ the Evangelists around the central sun - was made by JF Wilde in 1689. The crucifix from 1690 was made by Riedtmeister.
After 20 years of non-use and neglect, the roof structure of the field stone church collapsed in 1984. The commemorative plaque and Weltzien's coat of arms disappeared before 1980. The church ruins were rebuilt from 1984 to 1992 by the parish together with the local parish and with the help of the local LPG despite great difficulties. This joint achievement of a village in GDR times was honored in 1990 with a diploma from EUROPA NOSTRA and the Europa Nostra Prize .
After the fall of the Wall, the top floor was further expanded into a hiking area, where you can stay overnight in return for a donation.
There is a burial place of the von Weltzien family in the churchyard . On it are five members of the family who died between 1954 and 2004. The best known among them is Wolf Lüdeke von Weltzien (1926–2004), who was a genealogist and author.
Mansion
Today's two-storey mansion , a red brick building with 13 axes, a base made of granite blocks and a hipped roof was built according to a design by the Wismar architect Heinrich Thormann from 1859. For structural reasons, during the change of ownership between Eduard Krause and Günther Ehlermann, the mighty tower above the entrance in the middle of the house was demolished after 1888. After 1905, the manor house got its current appearance with neo-Gothic accents through multiple modifications. The central and two side projections were given triangular gables on the courtyard side.
After the Second World War , the manor house was inhabited by displaced people and refugees . From 1969, the state-owned Gestüt Ganschow used the building as a holiday and training home. Until the fall of the Berlin Wall, the Karow district had the largest riding tourism center in the GDR . In 1991 the stud farm stopped operating. After five years of vacancy, the manor house went into private ownership in 1996, was renovated and is now used for tourism.
The restored linden avenue, as a splendid driveway in the axis of the manor house, with the green area in the middle of the spacious driveway, is a remnant of the park that was created around 1882 towards Lake Kemlow.
Architectural monuments
The manor complex with manor house, granary, stable, farm building, the park and the cobblestone avenue as well as the church with the cemetery gate and the farm workers' house are under monument protection.
traffic
Alt Sammit is connected to state road 37, which runs through Krakow am See, via a connecting road. The federal motorway 19 ( Berlin - Rostock ) can be reached via the Krakow motorway junction in Kuchelmiß , which is twelve kilometers away .
The Berlin-Copenhagen cycle route runs through the town .
Since public transport between Krakow am See and Güstrow ( Güstrow – Meyenburg railway line ) was discontinued in 2000, the nearest train stations are in Langhagen and the district town of Güstrow.
Literature and Sources
literature
- Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Munich, Berlin 2000. p. 12.
- Franz Engel: German and Slavic influences in the Dobbertiner cultural landscape. Würzburg 1934, VII, 174 pp. (Writings of the Geographical Institute of the University of Kiel; Volume II, Issue 3)
- Friedrich Schlie : The art and history monuments of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Volume 4. Schwerin 1901. pp. 319-320.
- Fred Ruchhöft: The development of the cultural landscape in the Goldberg-Plau area in the Middle Ages. Ed .: Kersten Krüger / Stefan Kroll , Rostocker Studien zur Regionalgeschichte, Volume 5, Rostock 2001. P. 312.
- Hans Schulz: In: The manor villages, manor complexes and parks in the nature park and its surroundings, 6.2 Alt Sammit. Ed .: Nossentiner / Schwinzer Heide Nature Park. Karow, 2007. (From culture and science; Issue 5) pp. 44–46.
- Wolf Lüdeke von Weltzien: Families from Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania, genealogies of extinct and living generations. Volume III. 1992, pp. 13, 14.
Unprinted sources
- State Main Archive Schwerin
- LHAS 1.5-4 / 3 documents Dobbertin monastery
- LHAS 3.2-3 / 1 Provincial Monastery / Monastery Office Dobbertin
- LHAS 5.11-2 Landtag assemblies , Landtag negotiations , Landtag minutes , Landtag committee
- LHAS 5.12-4 / 2 Mecklenburg Ministry of Agriculture, Domains and Forests
- State Church Archive Schwerin
- Specialia, Dept. 1 and 2, Alt Sammit
Printed sources
- Mecklenburg record book (MUB)
cards
- Topographical, economic and military chart of the Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 1758, Dobbertin monastery office with the Sandpropstei of Count Schmettau.
- Wiebeking map of Mecklenburg, 1786.
- Economic map of the Dobbertin Forestry Office 1927/1928.
- Official cycling and hiking map of the Nossentiner / Schwinzer Heide nature park, 2010.
Web links
- Literature about Alt Sammit in the state bibliography MV
- Herrenhaus Alt Sammit at gutshaeuser.de
- Alt Sammit at orte-in-mv.de
- Alt Sammit at emecklenburg.de
Individual evidence
- ↑ MUB X. (1877) No. 1347
- ^ Wolf Lüdeke von Weltzien: Families from Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania, Genealogies. Volume III. Pp. 13, 14 and letter of gift dated August 14, 1996 to the Museum Goldberg.
- ↑ Horst Alsleben : Compilation of nuns and conventuals from the registered book of the Dobertin monastery from 1696-1918 and the von Weltzienschen family archive. Schwerin 2011.
- ↑ LHAS 1.5-4 / 3 documents Dobbertin monastery. Regesten No. 233
- ↑ a b Information board on site
- ↑ LHAS 3.2-3 / 1 Landeskloster / Klosteramt Dobbertin. No. 3542
- ^ Ancestry.com. Mecklenburg-Schwerin census, 1819
- ↑ display board in place
- ↑ Alt Sammit in the Genealogical Place Directory
- ^ Friedrich Schlie: The art and history monuments of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Volume 4. Schwerin 1901. p. 320
- ^ Georg Dehio: Handbook of the German Art Monuments, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Munich, Berlin 2000. p. 12
- ↑ Güstrower country courier of the district Güstrow, no. 1 of 13 December 1991
- ^ Felix Lüdemann: Heinrich Gustav Thormann, Wismar private architect. Hamburg 2007/2008, p. 167.