Office of Vorsfelde
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Principality of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel ; Duchy of Brunswick |
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| Office of Vorsfelde | |
| main place | Vorsfelde |
| founding | 1742 |
| resolution | 1807 |
| Incorporated into | Canton of Vorsfelde |
| Villages and hamlets | 14th |
 
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Position of the main town on a map of today's Lower Saxony
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The Vorsfelde office was an office of the former Principality of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel and the later Duchy of Braunschweig . It was established in Vorsfelde in 1742 after the fall of the Bartensleben fiefdom and comprised the 14 localities of the Vorsfelder Werder including Vorsfelde. During the French era , the French occupying power dissolved the office and transferred it to the Canton of Vorsfelde in 1807 , which existed until 1813. According to this, at the beginning of the 19th century there were administrative institutions with similar names in Vorsfelde, such as the district court of Vorsfelde and the district office of Vorsfelde, with different tasks and territorial layouts.
Geographical location
The office was in what is now eastern Lower Saxony on the border with Saxony-Anhalt on the edge of the southern Ostheide .
history
prehistory
Since 1389 Vorsfelde and the Vorsfelder Werder belonged to a hereditary fiefdom that the noble family von Bartensleben had received from Duke Friedrich I of Brunswick . Initially, von Bartensleben sat on the castle in Vorsfelde, which no longer exists today, and later on the nearby Wolfsburg .
Gebhard Werner von Bartensleben was the last male representative of his gender since the 1720s . Of his seven children, including three sons, all but their daughter Anna Adelheid Catharina (1685–1741) had died; in 1718 she had married the Prussian Lieutenant General Adolph Friedrich von der Schulenburg . The death of Herr von Bartensleben threatened the loss of the fiefdom of Vorsfelde and Werder, and with it the income of around 10,000 Reichstalers annually. Because of Bartens' poor health, the Principality of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel secretly prepared from 1739 for a quick takeover of the fief. It was informed by spies , including doctors, about the state of health of Gebhard Werner von Bartensleben. At the end of 1741, von Bartensleben went to Hanover , the then royal seat of the Electorate of Hanover , to be cured by trustworthy doctors. He stayed in the London tavern , where he died on January 6, 1742 at the age of 66. After 353 years, the fiefdom fell back on the Principality of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, which immediately took over the property. For this, the principality had to pay compensation to von der Schulenburg in 1778 after lengthy trials .
founding
Immediately after the death of Herr von Bartensleben at the beginning of January 1742, the Principality of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel formed the office of Vorsfelde and designated Vorsfelde as the official seat that belonged to the Schöningen district. The 14 places of Werder and the Wippermühle belonged to the office. In 1747 the Vorsfelde office was merged with the Neuhaus office. The Vorsfelder bailiff took duties to the jurisdiction and the bailiff in Neuhaus , which is based on the Burg Neuhaus had took care of business tasks.
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| The location of the Vorsfelde office in the Principality of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel around 1795. |
Associated places
Map with all coordinates: OSM | WikiMap
From its founding in 1742 to its dissolution in 1807 by the French occupying power, the Vorsfelde office included the following places and institutions:
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Canton of Vorsfelde
In 1807 the French occupying power dissolved the Vorsfelde office and incorporated it with the Principality of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel into the Kingdom of Westphalia created by Napoleon . As a result, the office of Vorsfelde by royal decree of December 24, 1807 became the canton of Vorsfelde in the Helmstedt district in the Oker department . The canton existed from 1807 to 1813.
Subsequent administrative bodies
After the withdrawal of the French occupation forces, the district court of Vorsfelde was established in 1814 from the former cantons of Vorsfelde, Bahrdorf and Calvörde . It had judicial and administrative functions. In 1825, the district courts were renamed district offices and in 1827 the office of Calvörde was separated. In 1833, as part of the establishment of district directorates, the old name, Amt Vorsfelde, which disappeared in 1807, was returned.
With the Courts Constitution Act of August 21, 1849 and its implementation on July 1, 1850, administration and justice in the Duchy of Braunschweig were consistently separated. The office of Vorsfelde and the other offices of the duchy then lost their importance. In 1855 the office included 32 villages with 9812 inhabitants.
Today the boundaries of the Provosty Vorsfelde , a subdistrict of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Braunschweig , in its northern area still roughly correspond to the area of the former Vorsfelde office.
tasks
In February 1742, the Principality of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel appointed a bailiff in the newly formed office of Vorsfelde. Right at the beginning there were disputes about some areas and rights of Gebhard von Bartensleben, as he also held fiefs from the neighboring countries of Hanover and Prussia. The first major task of the newly appointed bailiff was to prepare a description of ownership for the royal court chamber in Wolfenbüttel, which listed the princely property and the princely rights to it. The description also stated the expected income from it. The bailiff also described the three military and trade routes running through the office . These were the Lüneburg Heerstraße from Lüneburg to Leipzig , the Heerstraße from Magdeburg to Celle and the Heerstraße from Lüneburg to Braunschweig .
The main administrative activity of the office consisted in collecting money and taxes for the Princely Chamber in Wolfenbüttel. On the one hand, this concerned payment for the use of princely property, such as real estate. On the other hand, the office collected taxes from all citizens in the sense of today's taxes . These included in the Vorsfelde office the tithe for grain, cattle and poultry, house and penny interest, farm and meadow interest, blacksmith's interest, wood money, customs fees and rents for restaurants, fishing and sheep farming. The office also drew contributions for the troops, which were initially provided as grain of provisions and later in cash.
The general administrative tasks of the bailiff included the performance of legal tasks, in which he practically acted as a notary . He sealed will and inheritance matters and participated in the clarification of inheritance disputes. He had to agree to marriages and the sale of lands. Since these notarizations had to be made on stamp paper , this was also an important source of state income.
Only gradually, above all in the 19th century, did actual administrative activities in the sense of today's public administration, namely the supervision and enforcement of state regulations, be added.
Official seat
The Vorsfelde office, established in 1742, received a plot of land in the Amtsstraße. Then in 1750 the construction of the office building began, which was completed in 1755. The bailiff lived temporarily in the Vorsfelde district court on Amtsstrasse, which he leased. The office building was a half-timbered building . Furthermore, an outbuilding for the courtroom, the registry and a gate house with two prison cells were built on the property. In a major city fire in Vorsfelde in 1798, the office building burned down.
The office building was rebuilt between 1800 and 1801 and, in contrast to the previous building, was made of half-timbered stone. There was a two-story traufständiges building with dormer and hip roof that was representative when compared with the rest Vorsfelder buildings.
The office building later became the seat of the district court of Vorsfelde, which remained there until Vorsfeldes was incorporated by the city of Wolfsburg in 1972. After that, the building was the seat of Wolfsburg authorities and in 1987 was made available to Vorsfeld clubs. Around the 1990s, the building was renamed "Ludwig-Klingemann-Haus" to commemorate the workers' leader, USPD and SPD local chairman Ludwig Klingemann , who was arrested by the National Socialists in 1942 and beaten to death.
literature
- City archive (ed.): History of the Vorfeldes. Volume 1. From the Middle Ages to the end of the 19th century. Wolfsburg City Archives, Wolfsburg 1995, ISBN 3-929464-01-2 .
- Martin Fimpel: Wolfsburg Castle 1302–1945. In: Lower Saxony Yearbook for State History. Volume 75, Hannover 2003, pp. 127-159. ( online , 62.5 MB)
- Martin Fimpel: Lurking for vassal death. The end of the Lords of Bartensleben at Wolfsburg Castle. In: Braunschweigisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte. Volume 85. Hannover 2004, pp. 101-118. ( Online )
- Karl HG Venturini : The Duchy of Braunschweig in its past and present condition. Verlag CG Fleckeisen, Helmstedt 1847, ( Online , p. 212.)
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ see literature: Stadtarchiv (Hrsg.): Geschichte Vorsfeldes. Volume 1., p. 58
- ↑ Stefan Brüdermann (Ed.): History of Lower Saxony , Volume 4, From the beginning of the 19th century to the end of the First World War , Wallstein, Göttingen 2016, p. 256, ISBN 978-3-8353-1585-3
- ^ Georg von Viebahn : Statistics of the customs united and northern Germany . Reimer, Berlin 1858, p. 405
- ↑ Website of the Provoste Vorsfelde ( Memento of the original from June 7, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed June 3, 2014.
- ↑ See literature: History of Vorfeldes. Volume 1. , p. 63
Coordinates: 52 ° 26 ′ 23.3 " N , 10 ° 50 ′ 12.5" E