Vorsfelder Werder
Vorsfelder Werder is a historical landscape of a Geestplatte , 15 m higher, surrounded by lowlands in eastern Lower Saxony on the border with Saxony-Anhalt . The approximately 80 km² large Werder is a historical landscape that has belonged to the aristocratic family von Bartensleben from nearby Wolfsburg since the Middle Ages . Later, the Vorsfelde office administered the area from the main town of Vorsfelde until the regional reform of July 1, 1972. After that, the area came to the city of Wolfsburg and the district of Gifhorn in roughly equal parts .
Settlements on the Werder
|
|
The villages are almost all on the edge of the Werder. They are located close to lowlands where there are favorable groundwater conditions and at the same time in areas that are flood-free. 12 of the 14 settlements that still exist today have the shape of a round village . Like the Slavic field names, this indicates that the area was previously settled by turning .
Surname
De werder tu varsuelde (Werder zu Vorsfelde) was first documented in 1309, when the Brunswick duke temporarily ceded his rule over the area to the Brandenburg margrave . Occasionally, in later historical documents, the higher-lying landscape was also referred to as Wolfsburg Werder . This was due to the fact that the area was fiefdom of the noble family von Bartensleben von der Wolfsburg . After the extinction of the male line in 1742 it was only called Vorsfelder Werder .
location
The Geestrücken of the Vorsfelder Werder lies at an average of 70 m above sea level. NN and thus around 15 meters higher than the surrounding lowlands. Elevations are the Stahlberg (76 m above sea level) near Brackstedt and the White Mountain east of Tiddische (70 m above sea level). With an extension of 7 by 12 kilometers, the Werder takes up an area of around 80 km². The area is limited in the west to the Boldecker Land by the Kleine Aller , in the north by the Rhodian Aller and the Landgraben, in the east by the damp Drömling lowlands (formerly the border to the Kingdom of Prussia ) and in the south by the Aller river valley .
From a natural point of view, the Werder is an extension of the Lüneburg Heath , the southernmost point of which it represents, where it merges into the Drömling wetland at the Upper Allerniederung . As part of the Südheide , the Werder forms the end of the southern Ostheide . The current landscape was created in the penultimate Ice Age , the Saale Ice Age . The ice masses formed the Werder over 100,000 years ago with their ground moraines . That is why the soils are today, if not loamy and water-retaining, then sandy and stony. In the Middle Ages, the arable soils were consistently poor and not very fertile. Therefore, in the first field surveys in the 18th century, the extensive wastelands on the Werder were referred to as heather , although no heather grew on them. Because of the barren soil, around 1800 there was reforestation with extensive pine forests between Tiddische and Rorien , which today occupy around 15 km². Even today, the soil needs fertilization when used for agricultural purposes, for example through sewage irrigation on sewage fields near Brackstedt.
A special feature of the middle of the Werder between Velstove , Brechtorf and Eischott presented to the 19th century, the Wipper pond . It was up to its drainage in 1841 with 200 hectares of space, the largest lake in the Duchy of Brunswick . The pond with a 500 meter long dam was used for fish farming and the operation of the nearby Wippermühle .
Historical development
In prehistoric times, Werder was sparsely populated. Before the turn of the ages, a Germanic population and since the Migration Period an advancement of Slavic tribes from the east can be assumed. In the medieval inner colonization in the 12th century 18 villages built on the Werder with the spots Vorsfelde as market, legal, and church town. The villages were laid out in the form of a round settlement and were probably occupied by the Slavic tribe of the Wends . Field and village names support this assumption. Similar developments are suspected in the entire German-Slavic contact zone between the Baltic Sea and the Ore Mountains during the Middle Ages (see the formation of rounds ).
For almost the entire Middle Ages Werder and its main town, Vorsfelde, belonged to the Duchy of Braunschweig-Lüneburg . The Brunswick dukes gave the land as a fief to the von Bartensleben family who resided in nearby Wolfsburg . In the 14th century Werder was temporarily in the possession of the city of Braunschweig , which wanted to secure the Aller ford on an important trade route to Salzwedel . In 1366 there are documentary mentions of some Werderdörfer, which the Braunschweig town clerk wrote down because of their tithe payments . The Wendish Werderdörfer are not mentioned because they were tax-free.
When the von Bartensleben line ended in 1742 with the death of the last male representative Gebhard Werner von Bartensleben , Werder fell back to the Duchy of Braunschweig. The Duke set up the Vorsfelde office in the main town as an administrative, market and court location .
Historical description
The Magdeburg school principal and home chronicle, Samuel Walther, described the land of Werder in his Magdeburg merchandise part VII of 1737 as follows:
- The land from Wolfsburg to Brome is sandy, has little wood, harvests a lot of Buch-Weitzen , but between Vorfeld and Grafhorst there is more wood .
literature
- Tietze, Kühlhorn (Hrsg.): Historical and regional excursion map of Lower Saxony, sheet Wolfsburg. Explanatory booklet, Lax, Hildesheim 1977, ISBN 3-7848-3626-7 .
- Johann Dietrich Bödeker: The land of Brome and the upper Vorsfelder Werder. History of the room at Ohre, Drömling and Kleiner Aller. Braunschweig 1985, ISBN 3-87884-028-4 .
- Axel Hindemith: Vorsfelder Werder. in: Wolfsburger Nachrichten of May 9, July 18, July 23, 1987.
- History of the apron. Volume 1. Wolfsburg City Archives, Wolfsburg 1995, ISBN 3-929464-01-2 .
- Maria Schlelein: Under the Bartensleben yoke. On the situation of the population in Vorsfelde and the Werder villages in the miserable times of the 17th century. Wolfsburg 2002.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ M. Fimpel: Bartensleben, Gebhard Werner von. in: Horst-Rüdiger Jarck , Dieter Lent et al. (Ed.): Braunschweigisches Biographisches Lexikon - 8th to 18th century . Appelhans Verlag, Braunschweig 2006, ISBN 3-937664-46-7 , p. 69 .
Coordinates: 52 ° 30 ′ 4 ″ N , 10 ° 50 ′ 24 ″ E