Apostolic Nunciature in Munich
The Apostolic Nunciature in Munich was the official diplomatic representation of the Holy See in Bavaria and existed from 1785 to 1934 with different names and interruptions from 1800 to 1818.
history
The Bavarian court nunciature (1785–1800)
The establishment of the Munich nunciature arose from the radical church policy of Emperor Joseph II and the simultaneous efforts of the imperial bishops to emancipate the Pope ( Febronianism ). The Electorate of Bavaria was the largest Catholic territory in the empire after Austria and therefore became an important partner for the Catholic Church. The Wittelsbachers had also sought direct papal representation in Bavaria for several decades, which until then had only existed in Vienna and Cologne. In 1785 a so-called court nunciature was set up in Munich .
Napoleonic period (1800-1818)
During Napoleon's "rule" in Europe with the resulting difficulties of the papacy ( secularization , mediatization , conflicts with Napoleon), the nunciature in Munich was vacant . Only after the Congress of Vienna and the Bavarian Concordat of 1817 was the nunciature reopened on October 3, 1818.
German Confederation / German Empire (1818–1919)
Officially, the area of the nunciature coincided with the Kingdom of Bavaria . However, since the Cologne nunciature had been abolished in 1795, the Bavarian nunciature soon saw itself as responsible for the entire area of the German Confederation . This effort intensified after the founding of the Empire in 1871.
Weimar Republic (1920–1933)
Several attempts by the German Reich to found an embassy at the Holy See failed. In 1920, however, the Munich nuncio Eugenio Pacelli (later Pope Pius XII) also became nuncio to the German Empire . This normalized the relationship between the German Reich and the Papal States . Despite the establishment of the Berlin nunciature , the Munich nunciature (although now limited to Bavaria) was retained.
National Socialism (1934–1936)
With the law on the rebuilding of the Reich of January 30, 1934, the German states (and thus also Bavaria) lost the right to maintain their own diplomatic missions and to accredit foreign envoys . On May 30, 1934, the papal nunciature in Munich was therefore dissolved. Nevertheless, the then papal state secretary Eugenio Pacelli succeeded in securing the Munich nuncio his extraterritorial rights even after the official end of his activity. As part of general measures taken by the Nazi state against the Catholic Church in Germany in 1935/36, the last Munich nuncio Vassallo di Torregrossa left the city on October 23, 1936.
Apostolic nuncios in Munich
Surname | Remarks | appointed by | accredited at | Appointed | Arrivals | Accredited | Leave post |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Giulio Cesare Zoglio | Zollio | Pius VI | Karl Theodor | Dec 10, 1785 | May 20, 1786 | May 22, 1786 | Apr 13, 1795 |
Leo XII. | as Annibale della Genga | May 18, 1795 | June 20, 1795 | Apr 26, 1796 | |||
Emidio Ziucci | Jan. 12, 1797 | Apr 26, 1796 | Apr 30, 1800 | ||||
Francesco Serra Cassano | Pius VII | Maximilian I. Joseph | Oct 6, 1818 | Oct 3, 1818 | Nov 10, 1818 | Apr 4, 1827 | |
Carlo Giuseppe Benedetto Mercy d'Argenteau | Leo XII. | Ludwig I. | Oct 3, 1826 | Apr 4, 1827 | Apr 27, 1837 | ||
Luigi Santarelli | Charge d'Affaires to 1845 Uditor | Gregory XVI. | Apr 27, 1837 | Aug 9, 1838 | |||
Michele Viale-Prelà | until February 1841 Internuntius, from 1841 titular archbishop and nuncio in Bavaria Nunciature Ottostraße R. 1 | July 23, 1838 | Aug 9, 1838 | June 20, 1841 | |||
Michele Viale-Prelà | from February 1841 titular archbishop and nuncio in Bavaria nunciature Ottostraße R. 1 | Feb. 1, 1841 | Aug 9, 1841 | June 25, 1845 | |||
Carlo Luigi Morichini | May 23, 1845 | June 22, 1845 | July 11, 1847 | ||||
Antonio Maria Valenziani | Chargé d'affaires | Pius IX | July 11, 1847 | Jan. 30, 1848 | |||
Carlo Sacconi | Internuncius | Maximilian II Joseph | Jan. 13, 1848 | Jan. 30, 1848 | Oct 10, 1851 | ||
Carlo Sacconi | Internuncius | July 6, 1851 | Oct. 24, 1853 | ||||
Clemente Fares | Chargé d'affaires | Oct. 24, 1853 | May 18, 1854 | ||||
Antonio Saverio De Luca | Dec. 24, 1853 | May 13, 1854 | Oct 25, 1856 | ||||
Giacinto Luzi | Chargé d'affaires | Oct 26, 1856 | |||||
Flavio Chigi | Apr 24, 1856 | Nov 5, 1856 | Oct 12, 1861 | ||||
Gaetano Aloisi Masella | Chargé d'affaires | Oct 12, 1861 | |||||
Matteo Eustachio Gonella | Oct. 1, 1861 | Jan. 5, 1862 | June 22, 1932 | July 17, 1866 | |||
Luigi Antonini | Chargé d'affaires | Ludwig II. | July 17, 1866 | Dec 10, 1866 | |||
Pier Francesco Meglia | Oct. 26, 1866 | Nov 16, 1866 | Dec 11, 1866 | May 3, 1874 | |||
Emidio Taliani | Chargé d'affaires | Apr 22, 1874 | Dec 28, 1874 | ||||
Angelo Bianchi | Nov 13, 1874 | Dec 28, 1874 | Jan. 30, 1875 | July 19, 1877 | |||
Gaetano Aloisi Masella | June 5, 1877 | June 27, 1877 | June 30, 1877 | Aug 18, 1879 | |||
Sebastiano Spagnoletti | Chargé d'affaires | Leo XIII. | Aug 18, 1879 | 29 Aug 1879 | |||
Cesare Roncetti | Aug 8, 1879 | 29 Aug 1879 | May 30, 1881 | ||||
Francesco Tarnassi | Chargé d'affaires | June 1, 1881 | Jan. 18, 1881 | ||||
Francesco Spolverini | Chargé d'affaires | Nov 19, 1881 | March 28, 1882 | ||||
Angelo Di Pietro | March 21, 1882 | March 28, 1882 | May 12, 1887 | ||||
Achille Locatelli | Chargé d'affaires | Luitpold | May 12, 1887 | 25 Aug 1887 | |||
Fulco Luigi Ruffo-Scilla | May 23, 1887 | 25 Aug 1887 | Apr 3, 1889 | ||||
Giovanni Battista Guidi | Chargé d'affaires | Apr 3, 1889 | May 8, 1889 | ||||
Antonio Agliardi | Apr 4, 1889 | May 8, 1889 | May 11, 1889 | June 5, 1893 | |||
Andrea Aiuti | May 16, 1893 | 4th July 1893 | July 7, 1893 | Nov. 27, 1896 | |||
Giovanni Battista Guidi | Chargé d'affaires | Nov. 27, 1896 | Dec. 19, 1896 | ||||
Benedetto Lorenzelli | Oct. 1, 1896 | Dec. 19, 1896 | 23 Dec 1896 | June 5, 1899 | |||
Sebastian Nicotra | Chargé d'affaires | June 5, 1899 | Jan. 11, 1900 | ||||
Cesare Sambucetti | Jan. 7, 1900 | Jan. 11, 1900 | Jan. 13, 1900 | Oct 22, 1901 | |||
Sebastian Nicotra | Chargé d'affaires | June 5, 1899 | Jan. 11, 1900 | ||||
Giuseppe Macchi | Pius X. | Aug 26, 1902 | Oct. 1, 1902 | Oct. 30, 1902 | Jan. 10, 1904 | ||
Alberto Vassallo di Torregrossa | Chargé d'affaires | Jan. 10, 1904 | 23 Feb 1904 | ||||
Carlo Caputo | Jan 15, 1904 | 23 Feb 1904 | Feb. 28, 1904 | Aug 24, 1907 | |||
Domenico Gualtieri | Chargé d'affaires | Aug 24, 1907 | Dec 14, 1907 | ||||
Andreas Franz Frühwirth | Oct. 26, 1907 | Dec 14, 1907 | Nov 28, 1916 | ||||
Lorenzo Schioppa | Chargé d'affaires | Benedict XV | Ludwig III. | Nov 28, 1916 | Jan. 17, 1917 | ||
Giuseppe Aversa | Dec. 4, 1916 | Jan. 17, 1917 | Jan. 23, 1917 | Apr 9, 1917 | |||
Pius XII. | as Eugenio Pacelli | Benedict XV | April 20, 1917 | May 25, 1917 | May 29, 1917 | Aug 18, 1925 | |
Alberto Vassallo di Torregrossa | Pius XI. | June 8, 1925 | 22 Aug 1925 | Aug 31, 1925 | May 31, 1934 |
See also
- List of Bavarian ambassadors to the Holy See (1605 to 1934)
literature
- Michael F. Feldkamp : The abolition of the Apostolic Nunciature in Munich in 1934. With an appendix of the official data of the nuncios, internunts and chargées 1786–1934. In: Reimund Haas , Karl Josef Rivinius, Hermann-Josef Scheidgen (eds.): Awakening anew in the memory of the church. Studies on the history of Christianity in Central and Eastern Europe. Commemoration for Gabriel Adriányi (Bonn Contributions to Church History 22). Verlag Böhlau, Cologne 2000, ISBN 3-412-04100-9 , pp. 185-234.
- Rupert Hacker: The relations between Bavaria and the Holy See in the reign of Ludwig I (1825-1848) (Library of the German Historical Institute in Rome 27). Niemeyer Verlag, Tübingen 1967 (also dissertation, LMU Munich 1963).
- Egon Johannes Greipl: The holdings of the archive of the Munich Nunciature from 1877 to 1904 . In: Roman quarterly for Christian antiquity and church history , vol. 78 (1983), pp. 192-269, ISSN 0035-7812 .
- Egon Johannes Greipl : The archive of the Munich Nunciature from 1904 to 1934 . In: Sources and research from Italian archives and libraries , Vol. 66 (1986), pp. 402-406, ISSN 0079-9068 .
- Bernhard Zittel: The representation of the Holy See in Munich 1785–1934 . In: The monk in the coat of arms. From the past and present of Catholic Munich . Schnell & Steiner publishing house, Munich 1960, pp. 419–494.
- Hubert Wolf : Pope & Devil: the Vatican Archives and the Third Reich .2. Edition. CH Beck, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-406-57742-0 .
Web links
- Michael F. Feldkamp: Apostolic Nunciature, Munich . In: Historical Lexicon of Bavaria
- pacelli-edition.de - Critical online edition of the Nunciature reports Eugenio Pacellis (1917–1929)