Apostolic Nunciature in Munich

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The Apostolic Nunciature in Munich was the official diplomatic representation of the Holy See in Bavaria and existed from 1785 to 1934 with different names and interruptions from 1800 to 1818.

history

The Bavarian court nunciature (1785–1800)

The establishment of the Munich nunciature arose from the radical church policy of Emperor Joseph II and the simultaneous efforts of the imperial bishops to emancipate the Pope ( Febronianism ). The Electorate of Bavaria was the largest Catholic territory in the empire after Austria and therefore became an important partner for the Catholic Church. The Wittelsbachers had also sought direct papal representation in Bavaria for several decades, which until then had only existed in Vienna and Cologne. In 1785 a so-called court nunciature was set up in Munich .

Napoleonic period (1800-1818)

During Napoleon's "rule" in Europe with the resulting difficulties of the papacy ( secularization , mediatization , conflicts with Napoleon), the nunciature in Munich was vacant . Only after the Congress of Vienna and the Bavarian Concordat of 1817 was the nunciature reopened on October 3, 1818.

German Confederation / German Empire (1818–1919)

Officially, the area of ​​the nunciature coincided with the Kingdom of Bavaria . However, since the Cologne nunciature had been abolished in 1795, the Bavarian nunciature soon saw itself as responsible for the entire area of ​​the German Confederation . This effort intensified after the founding of the Empire in 1871.

Weimar Republic (1920–1933)

Several attempts by the German Reich to found an embassy at the Holy See failed. In 1920, however, the Munich nuncio Eugenio Pacelli (later Pope Pius XII) also became nuncio to the German Empire . This normalized the relationship between the German Reich and the Papal States . Despite the establishment of the Berlin nunciature , the Munich nunciature (although now limited to Bavaria) was retained.

National Socialism (1934–1936)

With the law on the rebuilding of the Reich of January 30, 1934, the German states (and thus also Bavaria) lost the right to maintain their own diplomatic missions and to accredit foreign envoys . On May 30, 1934, the papal nunciature in Munich was therefore dissolved. Nevertheless, the then papal state secretary Eugenio Pacelli succeeded in securing the Munich nuncio his extraterritorial rights even after the official end of his activity. As part of general measures taken by the Nazi state against the Catholic Church in Germany in 1935/36, the last Munich nuncio Vassallo di Torregrossa left the city on October 23, 1936.

Apostolic nuncios in Munich

Surname Remarks appointed by accredited at Appointed Arrivals Accredited Leave post
Giulio Cesare Zoglio Zollio Pius VI Karl Theodor Dec 10, 1785 May 20, 1786 May 22, 1786 Apr 13, 1795
Leo XII. as Annibale della Genga May 18, 1795 June 20, 1795 Apr 26, 1796
Emidio Ziucci Jan. 12, 1797 Apr 26, 1796 Apr 30, 1800
Francesco Serra Cassano Pius VII Maximilian I. Joseph Oct 6, 1818 Oct 3, 1818 Nov 10, 1818 Apr 4, 1827
Carlo Giuseppe Benedetto Mercy d'Argenteau Leo XII. Ludwig I. Oct 3, 1826 Apr 4, 1827 Apr 27, 1837
Luigi Santarelli Charge d'Affaires to 1845 Uditor Gregory XVI. Apr 27, 1837 Aug 9, 1838
Michele Viale-Prelà until February 1841 Internuntius, from 1841 titular archbishop and nuncio in Bavaria Nunciature Ottostraße R. 1 July 23, 1838 Aug 9, 1838 June 20, 1841
Michele Viale-Prelà from February 1841 titular archbishop and nuncio in Bavaria nunciature Ottostraße R. 1 Feb. 1, 1841 Aug 9, 1841 June 25, 1845
Carlo Luigi Morichini May 23, 1845 June 22, 1845 July 11, 1847
Antonio Maria Valenziani Chargé d'affaires Pius IX July 11, 1847 Jan. 30, 1848
Carlo Sacconi Internuncius Maximilian II Joseph Jan. 13, 1848 Jan. 30, 1848 Oct 10, 1851
Carlo Sacconi Internuncius July 6, 1851 Oct. 24, 1853
Clemente Fares Chargé d'affaires Oct. 24, 1853 May 18, 1854
Antonio Saverio De Luca Dec. 24, 1853 May 13, 1854 Oct 25, 1856
Giacinto Luzi Chargé d'affaires Oct 26, 1856
Flavio Chigi Apr 24, 1856 Nov 5, 1856 Oct 12, 1861
Gaetano Aloisi Masella Chargé d'affaires Oct 12, 1861
Matteo Eustachio Gonella Oct. 1, 1861 Jan. 5, 1862 June 22, 1932 July 17, 1866
Luigi Antonini Chargé d'affaires Ludwig II. July 17, 1866 Dec 10, 1866
Pier Francesco Meglia Oct. 26, 1866 Nov 16, 1866 Dec 11, 1866 May 3, 1874
Emidio Taliani Chargé d'affaires Apr 22, 1874 Dec 28, 1874
Angelo Bianchi Nov 13, 1874 Dec 28, 1874 Jan. 30, 1875 July 19, 1877
Gaetano Aloisi Masella June 5, 1877 June 27, 1877 June 30, 1877 Aug 18, 1879
Sebastiano Spagnoletti Chargé d'affaires Leo XIII. Aug 18, 1879 29 Aug 1879
Cesare Roncetti Aug 8, 1879 29 Aug 1879 May 30, 1881
Francesco Tarnassi Chargé d'affaires June 1, 1881 Jan. 18, 1881
Francesco Spolverini Chargé d'affaires Nov 19, 1881 March 28, 1882
Angelo Di Pietro March 21, 1882 March 28, 1882 May 12, 1887
Achille Locatelli Chargé d'affaires Luitpold May 12, 1887 25 Aug 1887
Fulco Luigi Ruffo-Scilla May 23, 1887 25 Aug 1887 Apr 3, 1889
Giovanni Battista Guidi Chargé d'affaires Apr 3, 1889 May 8, 1889
Antonio Agliardi Apr 4, 1889 May 8, 1889 May 11, 1889 June 5, 1893
Andrea Aiuti May 16, 1893 4th July 1893 July 7, 1893 Nov. 27, 1896
Giovanni Battista Guidi Chargé d'affaires Nov. 27, 1896 Dec. 19, 1896
Benedetto Lorenzelli Oct. 1, 1896 Dec. 19, 1896 23 Dec 1896 June 5, 1899
Sebastian Nicotra Chargé d'affaires June 5, 1899 Jan. 11, 1900
Cesare Sambucetti Jan. 7, 1900 Jan. 11, 1900 Jan. 13, 1900 Oct 22, 1901
Sebastian Nicotra Chargé d'affaires June 5, 1899 Jan. 11, 1900
Giuseppe Macchi Pius X. Aug 26, 1902 Oct. 1, 1902 Oct. 30, 1902 Jan. 10, 1904
Alberto Vassallo di Torregrossa Chargé d'affaires Jan. 10, 1904 23 Feb 1904
Carlo Caputo Jan 15, 1904 23 Feb 1904 Feb. 28, 1904 Aug 24, 1907
Domenico Gualtieri Chargé d'affaires Aug 24, 1907 Dec 14, 1907
Andreas Franz Frühwirth Oct. 26, 1907 Dec 14, 1907 Nov 28, 1916
Lorenzo Schioppa Chargé d'affaires Benedict XV Ludwig III. Nov 28, 1916 Jan. 17, 1917
Giuseppe Aversa Dec. 4, 1916 Jan. 17, 1917 Jan. 23, 1917 Apr 9, 1917
Pius XII. as Eugenio Pacelli Benedict XV April 20, 1917 May 25, 1917 May 29, 1917 Aug 18, 1925
Alberto Vassallo di Torregrossa Pius XI. June 8, 1925 22 Aug 1925 Aug 31, 1925 May 31, 1934

See also

literature

  • Michael F. Feldkamp : The abolition of the Apostolic Nunciature in Munich in 1934. With an appendix of the official data of the nuncios, internunts and chargées 1786–1934. In: Reimund Haas , Karl Josef Rivinius, Hermann-Josef Scheidgen (eds.): Awakening anew in the memory of the church. Studies on the history of Christianity in Central and Eastern Europe. Commemoration for Gabriel Adriányi (Bonn Contributions to Church History 22). Verlag Böhlau, Cologne 2000, ISBN 3-412-04100-9 , pp. 185-234.
  • Rupert Hacker: The relations between Bavaria and the Holy See in the reign of Ludwig I (1825-1848) (Library of the German Historical Institute in Rome 27). Niemeyer Verlag, Tübingen 1967 (also dissertation, LMU Munich 1963).
  • Egon Johannes Greipl: The holdings of the archive of the Munich Nunciature from 1877 to 1904 . In: Roman quarterly for Christian antiquity and church history , vol. 78 (1983), pp. 192-269, ISSN  0035-7812 .
  • Egon Johannes Greipl : The archive of the Munich Nunciature from 1904 to 1934 . In: Sources and research from Italian archives and libraries , Vol. 66 (1986), pp. 402-406, ISSN  0079-9068 .
  • Bernhard Zittel: The representation of the Holy See in Munich 1785–1934 . In: The monk in the coat of arms. From the past and present of Catholic Munich . Schnell & Steiner publishing house, Munich 1960, pp. 419–494.
  • Hubert Wolf : Pope & Devil: the Vatican Archives and the Third Reich .2. Edition. CH Beck, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-406-57742-0 .

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