Arnold Deichmann

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Ludewig Wilhelm Arnold Heinrich Deichmann (also: Heinrich Deichmann ) (* May 20, 1800 in Hanover ; † June 18, 1870 ibid) was a German teacher , officer , author , geodist and cartographer . For the Lower Saxony state capital, it is of particular importance due to its maps of the city, some of which are still useful today .

Life

Military and teaching career

Arnold Heinrich Deichmann was the son of a clerk of the government . On May 1, 1814, before he was 14 years old and before his confirmation , he entered the military during the so-called French period ; in the Anglo-German King's German Legion as a gunner and cadet . On the train to the battle of Waterloo against the troops of Napoleon Bonaparte he was hired as a "field guide", and after his return from Brabant in Hanover employed as a draftsman in the royal library of the Duke of Cambridge .

City map Hanover 1834; on the westernmost Ravelin in the extension of Calenberger Straße the " military school ;"
Verlag Hahn'sche Hofbuchhandlung

Deichmann held the position as a draftsman in the Royal Library until he was promoted to second lieutenant of the artillery on June 18, 1816 after the Kingdom of Hanover, which was newly established by the Congress of Vienna . He stayed in his garrison in Hanover and attended the artillery school there . In 1818 he was promoted to "Ecole-Adjutant".

In 1820 Deichmann was promoted again to Premier Lieutenant and at the same time transferred to Stade . There he was, in addition to his military service, commissioned by civil authorities, offices and communities with various "commissions" for which special mathematical and technical knowledge was necessary. Finally, in 1829 Deichmann got a job as a mathematics teacher at the newly established cavalry academy in Stade , until it was merged with the "general military academy" in Hanover in 1833.

At the instigation of his former teacher and then deceased Major of the General Staff, Wilhelm Müller , Deichmann took up a civilian position at the Höhere Gewerbeschule (today: Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University of Hanover ) in Hanover and therefore initially quit his military service with the rank of captain . However, after four years of only civilian teaching in the practical mathematical subjects of geometry and geometric drawing , Deichmann founded his own privately operated educational institution for the scientific training of cadets of both artillery and cavalry . In addition to teaching at the higher trade school, he was director of the private institute until 1843.

Around Easter 1843, Deichman was appointed captain and company commander by his sovereign, King Ernst August of Hanover , and at the same time appointed to the newly founded “royal cadet institute ” in this rank . This renewed " active military service " in turn necessitated a renunciation of the previous teaching post at the higher vocational school.

On May 27, 1854 Deichmann was finally promoted to major and retired on May 20, 1856 .

Book Foundation

A gift from Arnold Heinrich Deichmann to the library of the former artillery school in Hanover can now be found in the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Library . The former officer of the artillery brigade had expressed "his special bond" as follows:

"His former superiors and comrades the Royal. Artillery Brigade in the most sincere respect Hanover June 10, 1856 the author A. Deichmann Major a. D. "

“Retirement” and city mapping

After the city of Hanover in 1859 incorporated 13 surrounding former localities in one fell swoop with the so-called “Vorstadt” , the retired military in 1859 was commissioned with an exact survey of the city: On June 23, 1860, he set up the first city surveying office and started in Order of the city council for the "first systematic and scientifically correct survey of the city area".

In the next ten years, Deichmann measured the newly incorporated towns in particular until his death. Among other things, he carried out a “network densification” through alignment , created local and general maps and made special house plans. Some of the results of his work can still be used today (status: 2009).

Works

  • New panels to facilitate the practice of sailing in the largest circle , Hanover: 1856 (printed manuscript in German and English)

Honors

  • Deichmannstrasse , originally named after Major Arnold Deichmann, was laid out in 1935 in the northern part of Hanover. In 1936 it was renamed Mohrmannstrasse after the architect Karl Mohrmann . Instead of the street first named after the major, the Deichmannstrasse, laid out in 1938 in the List district, honored the major and cartographer with its name.

literature

  • Karl Karmarsch : Arnold Heinrich Deichmann. In: Die Polytechnische Schule zu Hannover , 2nd, very expanded edition, Hannover: Hahn'sche Hofbuchhandlung , 1856, p. 149 and others; online through google books
  • University of Hanover: Catalogus Professorum 1831–1981. Festschrift for the 150th anniversary of the University of Hanover , Vol. 2, Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 1981, ISBN 3-17-007321-4 , p. 44
  • L. Rosenthal: The development of the surveying system of the city of Hanover. In: Hannoversche Geschichtsblätter , New Series 14 (1960), pp. 157-272
  • H. Freiherr von Stillfried and Rattonitz: The city surveying in Hanover by Major Deichmann , diploma thesis , 1952
  • Franz Rudolf Zankl : Hanover's city plan and ... by Wilhelm Deichmann 1860 (a directory). In: Hannoversche Geschichtsblätter , New Series 32 (1978), pp. 95–154
  • Dirk Böttcher : DEICHMANN, Ludewig Wilhelm Arnold Heinrich. In: Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon , p. 91f.
  • Dirk Böttcher: Deichmann, Ludewig Wilhelm Arnold Heinrich. In: Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein (eds.) U. a .: City Lexicon Hanover . From the beginning to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 2009, ISBN 978-3-89993-662-9 , p. 123f.

References and comments

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h Dirk Böttcher: DEICHMANN ... (see literature)
  2. ↑ a b Dieter Brosius : 1859. In: Hannover Chronik , p. 127; online through google books
  3. ↑ a b Dirk Böttcher: Deichmann ... (see literature)
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Karl Karmarsch: Arnold Heinrich Deichmann (see literature)
  5. ↑ Note: Both the Stadtlexikon Hanover and the Hanover Biographical Encyclopedia (see literature) enter with almost homonymous short biography to other years of data on military-entry; The details of Karl Karmarsch are (more) credible in their level of detail.
  6. ^ Hugo Thielen : Leibniz University Hannover. In: Stadtlexikon Hannover , p. 394f.
  7. ↑ a b Georg Ruppelt (Ed.): The institutionalization of military reconnaissance, education, schools and military libraries. In: Library and the military: Military book collections in Hanover from the 18th century .... In: Journal for libraries and bibliography. Special volumes , ed. by Georg Ruppelt, special volume 93, ISSN  0514-6364 or ISBN 978-3-465-03580-0 , pp. 37-70; here: p. 68; online through google books
  8. ^ NN : Incorporations since 1824. In: Stadtlexikon Hannover , table on p. 153
  9. ↑ Note: is probably in error both in Stadtlexikon Hannover and in Hannover Biographical Encyclopedia in Articles to Deichmann (see literature) the year 185 6 called.
  10. ^ Helmut Zimmermann : Mohrmannstrasse. In: The street names of the state capital Hanover , Verlag Hahnsche Buchhandlung , Hanover 1992, ISBN 3-7752-6120-6 , p. 176
  11. ^ Helmut Zimmermann: Deichmannstrasse. In: The street names ... , p. 59
personal data
SURNAME Deichmann, Arnold
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Deichmann, Ludewig Wilhelm Arnold Heinrich; Deichmann, Heinrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German teacher, major in the Kingdom of Hanover, geodesist and cartographer
DATE OF BIRTH May 20, 1800
PLACE OF BIRTH Hanover
DATE OF DEATH June 18, 1870
Place of death Hanover