Arnold Durig

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Arnold Durig (born November 12, 1872 in Innsbruck , † October 18, 1961 in Schruns ) was an Austrian physiologist .

Life

Childhood and studies in Innsbruck

Arnold Durig was the son of Josef Durig, director of the teacher training institute in Innsbruck, and Karoline Durig, née Haselwandter. The father came from a small farming family from Tschagguns in the Montafon . After attending elementary school and high school in Innsbruck, Arnold Durig studied medicine at the Leopold-Franzens University there . In Innsbruck he became a member of the striking student union Akademischer Gesangsverein . He also worked at the Hygienic and Chemical Institute. He passed all medical exams with distinction and received his doctorate on January 26, 1898 as a doctor of general medicine. He then worked as a secondary doctor and volunteer at various Innsbruck clinics. At times he worked as a dentist and finally as a country doctor in Lower Austria . He had been a member of the Austrian Alpine Club since 1891 .

Scientific career in Vienna

In 1900 Durig moved to the Physiological Institute of the University of Vienna , where he completed his habilitation in physiology on June 25, 1902. After studying in Oxford , he worked with Nathan Zuntz at the Agricultural University in Berlin .

In 1903 Durig was appointed to the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences in Vienna and was appointed associate professor in March 1904 and full professor in January 1905. In the same year he married Alexandra Rohorska, with whom he subsequently had a daughter, Ilse.

During the First World War , from July 1915, he was department head in the military hospital of the Sarajevo fortress . Towards the end of the war, as senior staff doctor , he headed the Austro-Hungarian War Hospital Grinzing , with 60 barracks for 6,000 wounded soldiers, probably the largest emergency hospital in the monarchy.

The University of Vienna appointed him to the chair of physiology at the medical faculty on December 2, 1918, succeeding Siegmund Exner-Ewarten . During the interwar period, his institute was one of the most enthusiastic at the Medical University.

1924 called Durig a report on the so-called lay analysis ( psychoanalysis by non-physicians is exercised) by Sigmund Freud and discussed later with Freud about it. Durig was very likely the model for that “impartial” in Freud's tendency paper The Question of Lay Analysis: Conversations with an Intermediate (1926).

Time of National Socialism in Tschagguns

Before the Anschluss in February 1938, Durig had been elected chairman of the Provincial Health Council for Vienna, a body that was suspended when Austria was annexed to the German Reich . On May 31, 1938, he was forced to retire as a full professor of physiology and was temporarily arrested. On the other hand, he is said not to have been hostile to the National Socialists and, for example , to have broken off contact with Jewish colleagues such as the director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Biochemistry, Carl Neuberg , who was dismissed in 1934 . Durig retired to Latschau , from where he kept in contact with colleagues and students. On May 1, 1945, he was retired for reasons of age.

Post-war period in Tschagguns

As an honorary pensioner, Durig was authorized by the state school board to inspect local schools, in the sense of reporting, without power of attorney. He gave the parish church of Tschagguns a picture which reminds of the hardship in wars. In 1960 he gave the speech on Edwin Albrich's honorary citizenship .

plant

The participants of the expedition to Tenerife 1910, in the back row as third from the right Arnold Durig.

Durig's work includes around 1,000 publications on nutritional , metabolic and altitude physiology. In the area of ​​high altitude physiology in particular, he must be counted among the pioneers alongside his teacher Zuntz, Adolf Loewy and Angelo Mosso . He undertook several expeditions into the high mountains to conduct field research, including on his own body. In 1903 he spent three weeks with Zuntz in the Capanna Regina Margherita refuge on the Signalkuppe (4,554 m above sea level) in the Monte Rosa massif of the Valais Alps . The aim of the researchers was to supplement the breathing and metabolism experiments by Zuntz and Loewy from 1901. The follow-up expedition in 1906 was already headed by Durig. In 1910 Durig was part of an expedition to Tenerife alongside Zuntz, Carl Neuberg and the Viennese physiologist Hermann von Schrötter . During the journey by ship, he and Zuntz completed a carefully planned program on the physiological effects of the maritime climate. The focus of the investigations on Tenerife was again the influence of altitude, but under - in terms of temperature and light intensity - completely different climatic conditions than before in the Alps.

In the post-war years he was concerned with the problem of people's nutrition. He held his inaugural lecture at the University of Vienna in 1918 on the subject of physiology as a subject. Surveys on the nutrition of the Viennese population . Later he turned increasingly to work-physiological issues.

His work focused on gas exchange physiology and metabolism physiology , work and sport physiology , issues of fatigue and the circulatory system .

Honors

Durig was honored many times during his lifetime and posthumously for his services. In 1906 he received the Ignaz L. Lieben Prize from the Imperial Academy of Sciences in Vienna . This made him a corresponding member in 1911 and a full member in 1915. Durig had been a member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina since 1917 and a corresponding member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences since 1953 .

For his service in the First World War, he received the Officer's Cross of the Franz Joseph Order with war decoration, the Military Merit Medal on the Ribbon of the Medal of Bravery, the Cross of Honor 1st Class of Honor for Services to the Red Cross and the Prussian Red Cross Medal II . and 1st class.

Durig was an honorary citizen of the City of Vienna (1932) and an honorary citizen of Tschagguns. In the Montafon streets are named after him: the Hofrat-Durig-Weg in Schruns and the Hofrat-Durig-Straße in Tschagguns, district Latschau.

In honor of him and Lorenz Böhler , the Durig Böhler Prize has been awarded in Vorarlberg for years . The Austrian Society for Nutrition presents the Arnold Durig Award at regular intervals. A total of 31 commemorative lectures were held in memory of Arnold Durig at their annual meetings between 1972 and 2006.

literature

Fonts (selection)

  • Contributions to the physiology of humans in high mountains , Pflügers Arch . 113 (1906) 213-316.
  • Physiological results of the Monte Rosa expedition carried out in 1906 , Hölder, Vienna, 1909.
  • with N. Zuntz: the physiological effect of the sea climate , Biochem Z . 39 (1912) 422-434.
  • with H. v. Schrötter and N. Zuntz: About the effect of intensive exposure on gas exchange and breathing mechanics , Biochem. Line 39 (1912) 469-495.
  • Fatigue , Hölder, Vienna, 1916.
  • On the physiological basis of the nutrition of tuberculous people , Perles, Vienna, 1930.
  • About blood pressure and blood pressure measurement , Perles, Vienna, 1932.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Albin Kulhanek: Chronicle of the AGV Innsbruck 1863-1906 . Innsbruck 2003, p. 50 .
  2. ↑ Soukup, p. 132.
  3. ↑ Soukup, p. 130.
  4. ^ Arnold Durig exhibition, Schruns-Dorf secondary school, in the Montafon health and social center, 2008.
  5. ^ Franz Mazanec: Vienna- Döbling , archive pictures, earlier conditions , Sutton Verlag Erfurt 2005, page 36, ISBN 3-89702-823-9 .
  6. ↑ Most joyful to work page 152 in the chapter: The Vienna Medical School in The Austria Book by Ernst Marboe (Ed.), Vienna 1948.
  7. ^ Sigmund Freud: Gesammelte Werke , supplementary volume (pp. 715–716). Frankfurt am Main 1987.
  8. ↑ Helmut Gröger: The consequences of National Socialism for the Viennese health system. S. 163. In: Sonia Horn and Peter Malina: Medicine in National Socialism - Ways to work up. ÖAK Vienna 2001, ISBN 3-901488-21-9 .
  9. ^ Judith Bauer-Merinsky: The effects of the annexation of Austria by the German Reich on the medical faculty of the University of Vienna in 1938: Biographies of dismissed professors and lecturers. Wien, Diss., 1980, pp. 38–40 (PDF; 85 kB).
  10. ^ H. Conrads, B. Lohff and T. Ripperger: Carl Neuberg: Biochemistry, Politics and History. Steiner, 2006, ISBN 3515088946 , p. 22. From a letter from Neuberg to H. Wastel on April 22, 1946: “At that time Durig was by no means averse to the 'innovations' and a short time later I received a letter from him that it was sent to It was time to break off the correspondence with me. By no means do I want to claim that he was a Nazi, but he has not shown any great courage. "
  11. ↑ AUSTRIA CATHOLICA: Our Lady of Tschagguns .
  12. ↑ H.-C. Gunga, life and work of the Berlin physiologist Nathan Zuntz (1847–1920) , Husum, Matthiesen, 1989, pp. 284–285. ISBN 3-7868-4058-X .
  13. ^ Elisabeth Simons: Sunburn for Research - Self-Experiments in Medicine ( Memento from February 17, 2006 in the Internet Archive ).
  14. ↑ RW Rosner, RW Schlögl and RW Soukup The Ignaz L. Lieben Prize - an Austrian Nobel Prize ( Memento from March 9, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
  15. ↑ Information on the website of the Austrian Nutrition Society, accessed on January 7, 2016.
personal data
SURNAME Durig, Arnold
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian physiologist
DATE OF BIRTH November 12, 1872
PLACE OF BIRTH innsbruck
DATE OF DEATH October 18, 1961
Place of death Schruns