Bernard B. Brodie

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Bernard Beryl Brodie (also Steve Brodie ; born August 7, 1907 in Liverpool , † February 28, 1989 in Charlottesville , Virginia ) was a British biochemist and pharmacologist .

Life

Brodie's parents emigrated to Canada , where Bernard Brodie received his schooling. After high school, Brodie served three years in the Canadian Army before studying at McGill University in Montreal until 1931 . He received a Ph.D. from New York University (NYU). in organic chemistry . As a postdoctoral fellow , Brodie worked with pharmacologist George B. Wallace and became research assistant, lecturer, assistant professor and eventually associate professor at the NYU School of Medicine .

After the USA entered the Second World War, James A. brought Shannon Brodie to the Goldwater Memorial Hospital in New York City as a research group leader , where he dealt with drug therapy for malaria , in particular the pharmacokinetics of quinacrine . After the war, Brodie turned to the metabolism ( metabolism ) of drugs together with the later Nobel Prize winner Julius Axelrod . Shannon recruited Brodie in 1950, this time for the National Heart Institute (now the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute ), a facility of the National Institutes of Health based in Bethesda , Maryland , where Brodie was co-director of the Chemical Pharmacology Laboratory 40 employees took over. With poor health, Brodie retired in 1970. For several years he worked as a consultant at the NIH and for Roche in Nutley , New Jersey , and as visiting professor at the Pennsylvania State College of Medicine in Hershey and the University of Arizona Medical School in Tucson .

Brodie was married.

Act

Brodie drew the attention of pharmacology from the effect of the drug on the body to the effect of the body on the drug.

Brodie and co-workers were able to show that the analgesic effect of acetanilide and phenacetine are ultimately due to a breakdown product of these substances, paracetamol . Treatment with paracetamol has far fewer side effects than that with its precursors. Other important discoveries about the metabolism of phenylbutazone , imipramine and other psychotropic substances , barbiturates such as thiopental or procaine and procainamide, go back to Brodie. Brodie paid special attention to the lipid solubility of medicinal substances, which has a decisive influence on absorption , distribution , excretion and metabolism. Brodie discovered that highly fat-soluble drugs remain in adipose tissue for a very long time and can be released again with a delay. He systematically introduced the plasma concentration as a more reliable parameter to describe the drug effect compared to the dose . Brodie and Axelrod discovered energy- and oxygen-dependent enzymes in microsomes and thus created the basis for research into the cytochrome P450 system. Important work by Brody was concerned with neuropsychopharmacology ; with the effect of drugs (such as MAO inhibitors , methyldopa or tetrabenazine ) on the metabolism, storage, release and breakdown of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and norepinephrine , with the effect of neurotransmitters on the brain and its function, as well as with their agonists and antagonists . Brodie opened the scientific field of neuroendocrinology with his research on the influence of neurotransmitters on the hormonal balance . Brody's later work dealt with the hepatotoxicity of various substances and how they are induced or how they can be mitigated - for example by glutathione .

Awards (selection)

The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics awards the Bernard B. Brodie Award in Drug Metabolism for outstanding work on the metabolism of drugs. The Institute of Neuroscience at the University of Cagliari bears Brodie's name.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award 1967 Winner at the Lasker Foundation (laskerfoundation.org); Retrieved June 8, 2012
  2. ↑ Bernard B. Brodie at the National Science Foundation (nsf.gov); Retrieved June 8, 2012
  3. ^ Winner of the O. Schmiedeberg plaque at the German Society for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (dgpt-online.de); Retrieved June 8, 2012
  4. ^ ASPET - Bernard B. Brodie Award in Drug Metabolism. In: aspet.org. April 21, 2017, accessed January 3, 2018 .
  5. ^ Dipartimento di Neuroscienze "Bernard B. Brodie" - unica.it - ​​Università degli studi di Cagliari. In: unica.it. Retrieved February 14, 2016 .
personal data
SURNAME Brodie, Bernard B.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Brodie, Bernard; Brodie, Bernard Beryl (full name); Brodie, Steve
BRIEF DESCRIPTION British biochemist and pharmacologist
DATE OF BIRTH August 7, 1907
PLACE OF BIRTH Liverpool
DATE OF DEATH February 28, 1989
Place of death Charlottesville , Virginia