Biblioteca Palatina (Parma)
| Biblioteca Palatina | |
|---|---|
 Entrance to the Biblioteca Palatina
|
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| founding | 1761 |
| Duration | about 800,000 volumes |
| Library type | Public library |
| place |
Palazzo della Pilotta , Parma 
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| ISIL | IT-PR0072 |
| operator | Ministry of Cultural Goods and Activities |
| Website | www.bibliotecapalatina.beniculturali.it |
The Biblioteca Palatina di Parma is a public library in the center of Parma . It is located inside the Palazzo della Pilotta .
history
Early history
The Palazzo della Pilotta originally housed the Farnese family's private library . After the only son of Odoardo II Farnese died at the age of two, the line of succession initially passed to Odoardo's unmarried brothers Francesco (Duke from 1694–1827) and Antonio (Duke from 1827–1831). Only after the death of Antonio Farnese would Odoardo's daughter Elisabetta , wife of King Philip V of Spain , have been the direct heir. However, the duchy did not accept this, as is claimed in the Serapeum , but gave it to her son Charles III. further, who took it over in 1831 at the age of fifteen. Four years later, Charles III. In the Vienna Preliminary Peace of 1735, the Kingdom of Naples and Sicily was transferred as a secondary school and he had the family's extensive private library transferred there as part of his move to Naples. Today it is exhibited as part of the Farnese Collections .
18th century
The history of the Biblioteca Palatina begins on 1 August 1761, when Paolo Maria Paciaudi , a Theatines from Turin , by Philip, Duke of Parma to the librarian and archivist was appointed. The establishment of a library was part of an extensive cultural project that Guillaume du Tillot had suggested to the Duke.
After his appointment, Paciaudi initially undertook extensive trips to various libraries in Italy and France, where he had their cataloging and listing methods explained to him and where he bought several thousand books for the Palatina. Paciaudi's efforts to acquire the library of Cardinal Domenico Passionei on the one hand and that of the Pertusati family on the other, failed. The latter would later become the basis for the Biblioteca Nazionale Braidense in Milan .
In 1762 Paciaudi finally returned to Parma and began to divide the acquired books into the seven categories of theology , nomology , philosophy , history , philology , liberal arts , and craftsmanship . However, instead of using these categories to structure a traditional volume catalog , Paciaudi opted for a card catalog and made the Biblioteca Palatina the first Italian library to use this novel system for cataloging.
In parallel to these preparations, the French architect Ennemond Alexandre Petitot designed shelves for the reading room (today the Galleria Petitot after its designer ), which are in the neoclassical style and were intended to house the books purchased by Paciaudi. The designs for the frescoes are also by Petitot, but were completed by Drugmann after his death.
In 1765 Duke Philipp died, who had started the project without having seen the grand opening, which was to take place four years later under Philipp's son Ferdinand . Emperor Joseph II was among the guests of honor .
In 1774 Paciaudi retired in favor of the Benedictine s Andrea Mazza , probably in response to the hostilities of Duke Ferdinand . Mazza was released after four years, according to Otto Hartwig even "chased out", and Paciaudi reinstated.
After Paciaudi's death, Ireneo Affò took over the management of the library and received approval to set up an additional reading room. He had part of the library moved to the Galleria dell'Incoronata , which previously housed the Farnese family's collection of paintings.
19th century
Under the rule of Marie-Luise of Austria , the library, now called Biblioteca Ducale , was given special support in 1818 . In addition to acquiring the libraries of Bartolomeo Gamba and Francesco Albergati Capacelli , Marie-Luise also managed to acquire the collection of the orientalist Giovanni Bernardo De Rossi , which includes over 1,000 valuable Hebraica . The typographical collection of the printer 's Giambattista Bodoni , which is about 90,000 engravings by Paolo Toschi contains and his students, was acquired in these years.
A new reading room was built especially for the De Rossi collection and decorated with frescoes by Giovanni Battista Borghesi. A little later, the Salone Maria Luigia was built . In addition, Pezzana was given his own heated room as head librarian, which was decorated by Francesco Scaramuzza with scenes from Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy and is now called Sala Dante after the frescoes . On the north wall of the room Dante and Virgil can be seen with the deceased poets, on the west wall an allegory of divine mercy with the martyrs Lucia and Beatrix . The corresponding text from the Divine Comedy can be found under each picture in golden letters .
Pezzana also changed the systematic created by Paciaudi and reduced it to five major categories. Only theology and history remained of the original order, while the remaining categories were combined in the area of "science and art". The fact that one of the new categories was devoted to fiction and law shows the growing social interest in these areas.
In 1848, the expulsion of the then Duke Charles II from Parma led to the establishment of a provisional government that canceled the Jesuit order and transferred 12,000 volumes from its possession to the Biblioteca Palatina.
When Parma joined the United Provinces of Central Italy , the Biblioteca Palatina was converted into a primarily bibliographic facility. In addition to a library history, a catalog of the manuscript collection, which had been reorganized under Odorici, was also created at this time. After the death of Robert I , the extensive library of the Dukes of Bourbon-Parma also went to the Palatina, which at that time was allowed to call itself the national library. In 1889 the library was expanded to include a music department.
20th century
In the early 20th century, the then mayor of Parma demolished the building that housed the De Rossi collection. Adjacent to the Salone Maria Luigia , a new room was built, which exactly matched the dimensions of the one that had been torn down and made it possible to reuse the entire facility. However, this wasn't the only austerity that librarians faced during the war years. In addition to the cancellation of numerous subscriptions to prestigious journals, the Palatina had to give over a hundred valuable manuscripts to other Italian libraries, including the state archives in Parma and Lucca .
The fascist regime under Benito Mussolini had strict rules set up for the management of the library, which the then librarian Pietro Zorzanello opposed, which resulted in his transfer. He was succeeded by Giovanni Masi, who ran the library during World War II . British bombings in the spring of 1944 resulted in around 21,000 volumes and most of the premises being destroyed. Masi directed the rebuilding of the library, which was reopened in 1952 by Maria Teresa Danieli Polidori.
21st century
From 2000 onwards, the Biblioteca Palatina made greater efforts to ensure the digital availability of its catalogs and holdings. In 2009 a website was set up under Andrea De Pasquale, which was continued by his successor Sabina Magrini and was last extensively renewed in February 2015. As part of the Internet Culturale project , the library had its collection of Judaica and various local newspapers digitized .
Librarians
The history of the Biblioteca Palatina was heavily dependent on the respective historical and political context, which often not only decided the distribution of funding, but also influenced the choice of library management. Among other things, it was directed by the Jesuit Matteo Luigi Canonici (1798–1805) and the Romanist Carlo Frati (1915–1918).
Web links
- Literature from and about Biblioteca Palatina in the bibliographic database WorldCat
Individual evidence
- ^ Ferdinand Neigebaur : The libraries in Parma . In: Robert Naumann (Ed.): Serapeum . Journal for library studies, manuscript studies and older literature. tape 19 , no. 23 . Weigel, Leipzig December 15, 1858, p. 354 .
- ↑ a b c d e Ferdinand Neigebaur: The libraries in Parma . In: Robert Naumann (Ed.): Serapeum . Journal for library studies, manuscript studies and older literature. tape 19 , no. 23 . Weigel, Leipzig December 15, 1858, p. 355 f .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Il Settecento. Paciaudi e la fondazione della Biblioteca. In: Storia. Biblioteca Palatina, May 10, 2017, accessed on May 15, 2020 (Italian, English).
- ↑ Chi siamo. La storia della Braidense. In: Biblioteca Nazionale Braidense. Biblioteca Nazionale Braidense, accessed on May 16, 2020 (Italian, English).
- ↑ a b c d e f Sale e arredi. In: Patrimonio artistico. Biblioteca Palatina, May 24, 2013, accessed on May 21, 2020 (Italian, English).
- ↑ a b Otto Hartwig : About the not insignificant Biblioteca Palatina in Parma . In: Otto Hartwig (Hrsg.): Centralblatt für Bibliothekswesen . tape 4 , no. 11/12 . Harrassowitz Verlag , Leipzig 1887, p. 563 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h L'Ottocento. Pezzana e lo sviluppo. In: Storia. Biblioteca Palatina, May 10, 2017, accessed on May 21, 2020 (Italian, English).
- ^ Collezione De Rossi. In: Patrimonio bibliografico | Fondi. Biblioteca Palatina, May 24, 2013, accessed on May 21, 2020 (Italian).
- ↑ a b c d e Il Novecento. Il Bombardamento e la ricostruzione. In: Storia. Biblioteca Palatina, April 10, 2017, accessed on May 28, 2020 (Italian, English).
- ↑ Home. In: Biblioteca Palatina. Biblioteca Palatina, February 13, 2015, accessed on May 31, 2020 (Italian, English).
- ^ Collezioni digitali. In: Biblioteca Palatina. Biblioteca Palatina, April 21, 2020, accessed on May 31, 2020 (Italian, English).