Deutschlandsberg Castle

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Deutschlandsberg Castle
Deutschlandsberg Castle (1681)

Deutschlandsberg Castle (1681)

Alternative name (s): Lonsperch Castle, Landsberg
Creation time : around 1100 to 1188
Castle type : Höhenburg, rocky location
Conservation status: Received or received substantial parts
Standing position : Ministerials
Construction: layered quarry stone masonry with large corner stones
Place: Deutschlandsberg
Geographical location 46 ° 48 '48 "  N , 15 ° 11' 48"  E Coordinates: 46 ° 48 '48 "  N , 15 ° 11' 48"  E
Height: 511  m above sea level A.
Deutschlandsberg Castle (Styria)
Deutschlandsberg Castle

The Castle Mountain Germany is a rock castle in Germany Mountain in the Austrian state of Styria .

location

The castle is located at 511  m above sea level. A. high rock ledge above the Laßnitz , which paves the way to the east through the so-called Klause , a wildly romantic valley. Deutschlandsberg, whose landmark is the castle, extends at the foot of the castle hill.

The castle is a listed building. It lies on the plots .2 / 1; .2 / 2; 233/7; 233/11; 243/9; 331 of the deposit number (EZ) 95 in the cadastral community (KG) 61005 Burgegg. Other plots of land on which there are (already thoroughly examined) locations, such as plot 243/8 or no finds are to be expected (street plots) are outside the listed area, but are specified in the literature as the location of the castle. The area of ​​the historical site of the Altburg (dance floor, dance floor) is shown in the zoning plan.

history

Traces of settlement on a level place in the northeast of today's facility, the "Tanzplatz" (also called "Tanzkogel" or "Tanzboden" and not to be confused with the old castle of the same name in Hollenegg-Neuberg ), prove a settlement from prehistoric times. A fortified settlement as a wood-earth system is assumed there. This facility is also known as the "Altburg Deutschlandsberg". Finds date from the Neolithic (Lasinja culture, around 3900-3300 BC) and later periods, such as. B. Pottery shards of furrow-cut ceramics of the type of the Retz-Gajary culture widespread in Styria from the early Copper Age approx. 2800-2400 BC. In the Hallstatt period , a fortified settlement was built with a system of walls. In the area of ​​today's car park and on the southern slope of the castle area, buildings dating from the late Latène period are documented. In the south of the castle area there are those sites that, due to their finds, were a predecessor from the 10/11. Century. Research to date shows that there were not two castles in this area, but that both areas can be used in parallel (at least in phases). Further traces could be found from Roman times and subsequent centuries up to the early Middle Ages (7th century).

Around 970 Emperor Otto I donated the area of ​​today's Deutschlandsberg to the Archdiocese of Salzburg . In the first half of the 12th century a building with a main stone tower was probably built under Archbishop Konrad I and handed over to the ministerial family of the "Lonsbergers" (named after the place). In 1153 a Fridericus de Lonsberch is documented as a burgrave. In the same year, a chapel dedicated to St. Laurentius was set up at Lonsperch Castle . There are indications that the first fortifications in this area, located on the other side of the Laßnitz valley, still existed at that time and that two defensive systems existed in this area at the same time: Deutschlandsberg Castle and the Nidrinhof suspected to be from the Frauental Castle in the area of ​​the St. Ulrich branch church Time Bavarian colonization in the 10th century.

The castle is located above the vineyards and the villas to the west of the city

In the years 1185 and 1188 the castle was first mentioned as the castle (castrum) "Lonsperch". 1292 was in her Landsberger Federation as the basis of the revolt of the Styrian nobility against Duke Albrecht I finished. After a fire in the western part of the castle in the 13th century, a new Gothic castle was built in the 14th century and the tower was restored. After the occupation by the Hungarian king Matthias Corvinus from 1479 to 1490, the Salzburg castle was given back and fortified again. Under Hans Jacob von Kuenburg , a new construction of the castle chapel began in 1597 and its construction was completed in 1607. This chapel was dedicated to St. Ruprecht , the patron saint of Salzburg.

In 1532 the complex resisted an attack by the Turks. Numerous renovations and new buildings were subsequently carried out. The Vienna Recess in 1535 clarified the legal status of castle ownership insofar as the area was then to be treated as part of Styria (and not as an exclave of Salzburg). The Kuenburger family bought the castle in 1595 and the Archdiocese of Salzburg bought it back in 1630. The castle then became the center of the Salzburg property in western Styria. In 1803 the facility passed into state ownership ( Arar ), in 1811 it was purchased by Count Moritz von Fries until it finally came into the hands of the Princely House of Liechtenstein in 1820 .

Up until the first half of the 19th century there was a knight's hall in the medieval part of the castle, on the ceiling of which the remains of a painting depicting a battle from the Thirty Years War can be seen. There were still a few portraits of Salzburg archbishops in a prince's room. A picture was kept in the castle chapel that reminded of the return of the castle captain Fröhlich von Fröhlichsberg, who set out in 1683 with 300 men to liberate Vienna from the second Turkish siege and came back happy.

In 1876 the round tower in the north of the complex was shortened, in 1885/1890 the Romanesque tower with the remains of the first castle chapel was blown up. In 1932 the municipality of Deutschlandsberg acquired the castle. Up until then, the complex had belonged to the Fideikommissgut of the Liechtenstein rulership. By 1945 the castle was in serious disrepair. During the time of Mayor Paul Dittrich (1946–1948), the facility was at least secured with building block campaigns, castle festivals and voluntary helpers, heaps of rubble were removed and the height difference in the castle courtyard of 2.68 meters was compensated for by terraces and steps. The Romanesque tower was rebuilt in 2011/12 according to plans from around 1803, and the castle cistern, which was expanded in 1631, was made accessible again and explained on the day of the monument in 2014 in guided tours. The cistern collected the water from the roof surfaces in a sophisticated system, in which it was purified by several clarifiers and a sand filter.

The new tower building has four floors, is covered with a tent-like roof and is used for museum purposes. The expense of € 800,000 was largely financed by funding from the EU ( regional fund ERDF ) and the state of Styria. The Romanesque core castle at its feet is also being renovated, the new construction of its circular wall on the steep drop to the Laßnitz Gorge began in 2014.

In 2017 the tower was provided with a 15 m high, 60 degree steep roof made of titanium zinc sheet , the appearance of which is based on the roof shape in the 19th century and whose service life was estimated to be centuries. An amount of 270,000 euros was named as a cost, which was made available by the state of Styria and 80 percent came from funding from the European Union.

Tower with a new roof from 2017

The name of the castle in the word "Land-" does not go back to the German word for an area, but to a Slavic expression that is also included in the name Laßnitz and that occurs several times in southern Austria. It denotes a clearing site, a wet meadow, a forest stream, etc. The syllable "Deutsch-" was only placed in front of the name in the 19th century to distinguish the Landsberg from the place of the same name in Slovenia, "Windisch-Landsberg": today's Podčetrtek was also still in (Lower) Styria at the time .

investment

Buildings of Deutschlandsberg Castle (to the dance floor on the top right)
The castle around 1820, Lith. Institution JF Kaiser, Graz

A gate on the northeast side provides access to the castle. The oldest parts of the complex that are still visible are in the southwest. There is the tower house from the Gothic period, which characterizes the appearance of the complex.

Behind this building (southwest of it) the remains of the oldest structures were discovered: a polygonal tower, which is dated to the beginning of the 12th century. This tower was protected by a moat, over which a castle chapel was built in the High Middle Ages . This was followed by a residential building ( Palas ). The moat in front of the tower is already the second moat . The name "Landsberg und Thurn" is documented for the complex at the beginning of the 19th century. This is attributed to the fact that it comprised two towers that were later connected by several residential buildings. Whether this can be interpreted as an indication that two initially separate settlements or fortifications were originally built at the current location of the castle cannot be proven.

The tower house corresponds to the type common in western Styria. It was built in the first half of the 14th century, as evidenced by Gothic pointed arches . To the north of the tower house there are extensions from the Renaissance , dated 1604 , which are connected to the old building by a corridor. This area is called Kienburg . In the south of this wing there is a converted “knight's hall wing”, a stable wing to the northwest of it has been demolished, but still appears in older depictions with its rows of windows. Today's entrance area is located in the outer bailey to the north-east. There, too, the foundations of a building from the Middle Ages and found objects were recovered, which - together with finds from the "Tanzplatz", the prehistoric settlement in the vicinity - suggested several buildings (with two tiled stoves).

The finds show that Deutschlandsberg Castle stretched from the oldest southern part to the area of ​​the dance floor in the Middle Ages.

The complex has been thoroughly examined through a series of archaeological excavations. The resulting publications make Deutschlandsberg Castle one of the best-documented castles in Styria. Finds are exhibited in the castle museum.

The castle is easily accessible from Deutschlandsberg by road and several hiking trails. Deutschlandsberg train station is about two kilometers away.

The district of the Landsberg district court from the 16th to the 18th century

function

From the 12th century to 1803 the castle was the administrative seat for the possessions of the Archdiocese of Salzburg in western Styria . It was the center of a judicial district whose area of ​​responsibility extended from Deutschlandsberg to the border with Carinthia on the Koralpe: the regional court (Deutsch-) Landsberg. This special position was attributed to the immunity of the area since the 12th century (1178, uncertain) under the rule of the Archdiocese of Salzburg.

Like a number of other fortifications in the area (e.g. Schwanberg , Spangstein , Wessenstein ), Deutschlandsberg Castle was also located at the beginning of paths across the coral train from Styria to Carinthia: These were the road via Trahütten and the Weinebene south of the castle and the Road across Freiland , Kloster and the Hebalm north of her.

On the mountain south across from Deutschlandsberg Castle, beyond the deeply cut valley of the Laßnitz, there is also an old settlement at Kraxnerkogel . This location is approx. 750 m as the crow flies from Deutschlandsberg Castle on the road to Trahütten and the Weinebene, it was used until the Middle Ages. The location of a tower castle is assumed to be there. Whether and what relationship the two places had to one another is not documented in the literature.

Starting in 1958, the municipality of Deutschlandsberg expanded the complex into a museum (“Archeo Norico”) and event rooms with a restaurant, while maintaining the building structure.

Castle Museum

Hortensia: Caryatid , 1979

In 1981 the castle museum (today "Archeo Norico") was opened. It contains the following permanent exhibitions:

  • Exhibition for prehistory and early history
  • a Celtic exhibition (myth of the Celts)
  • Arms exhibition
  • Torture chamber
  • Antique gold, silver and bronze jewelry
  • From forest glass to the first industrial glass - 3000 years of Styrian glass

Changing special exhibitions complete the offer. The castle museum contains exhibits from the time of 5000 BC on 1600 m² of exhibition space. Until the 19th century. The museum focuses on the Bronze Age , Urnfield Culture and the Latène Age . The gold and bronze finds are counted among the most impressive metal finds of these times. Most of the historical finds come from the Steffan Brothers Foundation for Prehistory and Early History , through which family-owned exhibits are accessible in cooperation with the Federal Monuments Office .

A pencil drawing from 1662 is exhibited in the museum, the original of which was handed over to the museum at the opening of the exhibition on the castle in 2018, together with some of the furnishings from the former castle chapel ( candlesticks , velum , canon boards , viewing book).

The 185 cm high bronze sculpture “Caryatid”, created by the sculptor Hortensia ( Hortensia Fussy ) 1979-1984, has graced the entrance to the museum since 2009 and has become a popular photo motif there.

literature

The publication by Hebert, Burgen in der Weststeiermark , (FÖMat A 2) 1994 provides an overview of the state of research prior to 1994.

  • Johanna Kraschitzer: Deutschlandsberg Castle - results of the excavations in the hall and in the cistern room 1988–1990. Contributions to medieval archeology in Austria BMÖ. Volume 26, year 2010, Austrian Society for Medieval Archeology, ÖGM, Vienna, ISSN  1011-0062 , pp. 91–96.
  • Werner Murgg: Castle ruins in Styria. In: Nikolaus Hofer (Ed.): Find reports from Austria. Material booklet series B volume (FÖMat B 2, 2009). Published by the Federal Monuments Office, Department for Ground Monuments. Berger Verlag, Vienna 2009, ISSN  1993-1263 , pp. 30-33.
  • Andreas Bernhard: KG Burgegg . In: Find reports from Austria FÖ. Volume 44, year 2005. Published by the Federal Monuments Office. Berger Verlag, Vienna 2006, ISSN  0429-8926 , p. 604.
  • Andreas Bernhard: A brief overview of the history of the settlement of Deutschlandsberg Castle. Messages from the Styrian Castle Association MStBV. Volume 22, year 2004, ISSN  0490-9348 , p. 11.
  • Günther Bernhard: Deutschlandsberg Castle and its material equipment in modern times. MStBV. Volume 22, year 2004, pp. 12-25.
  • Edith Ottenbacher, Rebekka Tritthart: Historical inventory of the Deutschlandsberg castle. MStBV. Volume 22, year 2004, pp. 26–37.
  • Jürgen Moravi, Heribert Szakmary: Deutschlandsberg Castle through the ages . MStBV. Volume 22, year 2004, pp. 38–52.
  • Andreas Bernhard: Archaeological excavations at Deutschlandsberg Castle since 1999. MStBV. Volume 22, year 2004, pp. 52-64.
  • Andreas Bernhard: KG Burgegg . In: Find reports from Austria . Volume 42, year 2003, Vienna 2004, p. 791.
  • Andreas Bernhard: KG Burgegg . In: Find reports from Austria . Volume 41, year 2002, Vienna 2003, pp. 726–727.
  • Andreas Bernhard: KG Burgegg . In: Find reports from Austria . Volume 40, year 2001, Vienna 2002, pp. 713–716.
  • Andreas Bernhard: KG Burgegg . In: Find reports from Austria . Volume 39, year 2000, Vienna 2001, pp. 731–733.
  • Bernhard Hebert: KG Burgegg . In: Find reports from Austria . Volume 38, year 1999, Vienna 2000, p. 49.
  • Susanna Berndt: The Celts in the southern Styrian part of the Norikum Kingdom. Special exhibition by the Steffan Brothers Foundation in the Deutschlandsberg Castle Museum, Deutschlandsberg / Graz 1998. Catalog for the exhibition in the Deutschlandsberg Castle Museum. Published by the Styrian Board of Trustees for Prehistory and Early History, 1998.
  • Anton Steffan: Deutschlandsberg. Hotel and Museum. MStBV. Volume 19, year 1996, p. 52.
  • Werner Murgg, Bernhard Hebert: Deutschlandsberg, dance floor. In: Medieval and early modern fortifications in the Deutschlandsberg district: recording of the ground monuments. With drawings by Stefan Karl. Contributions to medieval archeology in Austria BMÖ. Volume 10, year 1994. Ed .: Austrian Society for Medieval Archeology , Vienna, ISSN  1011-0062 , pp. 61–62. Site sketch p. 84.
  • Bernhard Hebert: Castles in western Styria. New finds from Deutschlandsberg Castle and considerations for its interpretation. In: Castle research and its problems. Excavation-Conservation-Restoration. In: Find reports from Austria . Material booklets. Row A, issue 2 (FÖMat A 2). Edited by the Federal Monuments Office, Department for Ground Monuments. Berger Verlag, Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-85028-247-3 , pp. 67-74.
  • Werner Tscherne : From Lonsperch to Deutschlandsberg. Self-published by the municipality of Deutschlandsberg, 1990.
  • Bernhard Hebert: KG Burgegg . In: Find reports from Austria . Volume 29, year 1990, Vienna 1991, p. 284.
  • Bernhard Hebert: Deutschlandsberg, castle, investigation, adaptation. Austrian magazine for art and monument preservation ÖZKD. Published by the Federal Monuments Office. Volume 44, year 1990. ISSN  0029-9626 . P. 103.
  • Bernhard Hebert: KG Burgegg . In: Find reports from Austria. Volume 28, year 1989, Vienna 1990, pp. 273-274.
  • Jörg Obereder: KG Burgegg . In: Find reports from Austria. Volume 27, born in 1988, Vienna 1989, p. 335.
  • Kurt Woisetschläger, Peter Krenn: Dehio-Handbuch - Die Kunstdenkmäler Austria: Steiermark (without Graz). Topographical inventory of monuments, ed. from the Federal Monuments Office, Department for Monument Research. Publisher Anton Schroll. Vienna 1982, ISBN 3-7031-0532-1 , pages 70–71.
  • Herwig Ebner: Castles and palaces in Styria. Part III. Graz, Leibnitz, West Styria. Birken-Verlag, Vienna 1967 (2nd edition 1982, ISBN 3-85030-028-5 ), pp. 17-20.
  • Robert Baravalle: Castles and palaces of Styria. An encyclopaedic collection of the Styrian fortifications and properties, which were endowed with various privileges. Graz 1961, Stiasny publishing house. Pp. 60-63.
  • Franz Otto Roth: On the decline of Deutschlandsberg Castle in the 19th century. MStBV, Volume 14, year 1972. 8–15.
  • Werner Knapp: The Altburg places of Deutschlandsberg and Schwanberg. Leaves for local history BlHK. Volume 27, year 1953, p. 20.
  • Robert Baravalle: Castle ruins and castles in Styria. Part X. Grazer writing calendar 1932, p. 225.

Web links

Commons : Burg Deutschlandsberg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Murgg: Castle ruins. P. 30, names the plots: 2 / 1-2, 233 / 6–8, 233 / 11–13, 243/1, 243 / 9–10, 319/1, 331.
  2. ↑ Digitaler Atlas Steiermark ( Memento of the original dated June 30, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Map service ( GIS-Steiermark ), planning and cadastre, extensive visualization. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.gis.steiermark.at
  3. ^ Knapp: Altburgstellen , p. 20.
  4. ^ Paul Dittrich: The Altburgstelle next to the Deutschlandsberg castle. In: Blätter für Heimatkunde BlHK. Volume 26, year 1952. p. 56.
  5. ^ Murgg: Castle ruins. P. 30.
  6. ↑ a b A. Bernhard: Settlement history overview… . MStBV 2004, p. 11.
  7. ↑ Archeology in Vulkanland Copper Age settlement in the 'Waltra Cave' near Jamm, market town of St. Anna am Aigen .
  8. ^ Find report. In: Bundesdenkmalamt (Ed.): Find reports from Austria. (FÖ) Volume 51, year 2012. Vienna 2013. ISSN  0429-8926 , ZDB -ID 213982-0 . Page 316.
  9. ↑ a b Murgg: Castle ruins p. 31.
  10. ↑ Murgg, Hebert: fortifications BMÖ 1994 S. 61st
  11. ^ Stations in the development of the Deutschlandsberg parish (accessed December 30, 2016).
  12. ^ Murgg: Castle ruins. Footnote 3 on p. 17 with reference to: Bernhard: Siedlungsgeschichtlicher overview.
  13. ^ Gerhard Fischer: Travel memories of Johann Ritter von Kalchberg. The writer and historian Johann Nepomuk Ritter von Kalchberg was the owner of Feilhofen Castle from 1805 to 1810 . His travel memories are from the year 1815. In: Weststeirische Rundschau . August 17, 2018. No. 33/2018. P. 2.
  14. ↑ From hobby to job. (Article about the archaeologist Andreas Bernhard, who among other things deals with archaeological work in the castle area). In: Weststeirische Rundschau . September 18, 2015. No. 38/2014. P. 3.
  15. ^ "The dream of a secular pilgrimage site Burg". In: Weststeirische Rundschau . February 23, 2018. No. 8/2018. P. 3.
  16. ^ Andreas Bernhard, Petra Laubenstein: The cisterns on the Deutschlandsberg castle In: Restored. No. 36. Published by the Federal Monuments Office. Vienna 2014.
  17. ↑ The castle complex is taking on more and more of its original shape: The castle museum is celebrating its 35th "birthday" this year . In: Weststeirische Rundschau . October 31, 2014. No. 44/2014. P. 1.
  18. ↑ Thomas Wieser: A new roof for 270,000 euros . In: Small newspaper . Local part Deutschlandsberg, November 3, 2016. ZDB -ID 2246454-2 .
  19. ↑ Tscherne: From Lonsperch to Deutschlandsberg. P. 40.
  20. ^ Gerhard Fischer: Travel memories of Johann Ritter von Kalchberg. In: Weststeirische Rundschau . August 17, 2018. No. 33/2018. P. 2.
  21. ↑ Murgg, Hebert: Defense structures. BMÖ 1994, p. 52.
  22. ^ Hebert: Castles in West Styria. Pages 67-73.
  23. ^ Anton Mell : High and lower criminal jurisdictions. Regional courts and truces in Styria. In: Anton Mell, Hans Pirchegger: Styrian court descriptions . As sources for the Historical Atlas of the Austrian Alpine Countries . Pages XIX-XLIV; I. Department. District court map: Styria. In the series: Sources on the constitutional and administrative history of Styria. I. Volume. Published by the Historical State Commission for Styria. Graz 1914. General: pp. XX – XLIV. For District Court Germany Berg: S. 245 -246 and 473 respectively (Burgfried Germany Berg) 246 -248 and 495th
  24. ^ Eduard Richter, Anton Mell, Julius Strnadt , Hans Pirchegger: Explanations for the Historical Atlas of the Austrian Alpine Countries. I. Department. The district court card. 1. Part Salzburg, Upper Austria, Styria. Second edition. Edited by the Imperial Academy of Sciences in Vienna. Publishing house Adolf Holzhausen. Vienna 1917. Overview table in the appendix (VI. Kärntner Mark, XII. Century).
  25. ^ Eduard Richter, Anton Mell, Julius Strnadt, Hans Pirchegger: Explanations for the Historical Atlas of the Austrian Alpine Countries. 1. Part Salzburg, Upper Austria, Styria. Second edition. Edited by the Imperial Academy of Sciences in Vienna. I. Department. The district court card. Publishing house Adolf Holzhausen. Vienna 1917. S. 239 (in the documents is Germany Landsberg or D.Landsberg used, although the place at that time only Landsberg said, because it is also a circuit court Windisch-Landsberg was).
  26. ↑ From horticulture to archeology. Weekly newspaper Weststeirische Rundschau from March 25, 2011, 84th volume, No. 12, page 3.
  27. ^ Exhibition opening "The Castle - Deutschlandsberg's landmark". The long way from the use of the castle hill to the ruins to the landmark of the city. In: Weekly newspaper Weststeirische Rundschau , March 2, 2018. No. 9. Page 3.