Outdoors near Deutschlandsberg

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Coat of arms of the former municipality of Freiland near Deutschlandsberg

Freiland bei Deutschlandsberg is a place in the district of Deutschlandsberg in western Styria , approx. 45 km from Graz . Until the end of 2014 it was a municipality with 153 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2015). As part of the Styrian municipal structural reform in accordance with the Styrian Municipal Structural Reform Act - StGsrG. Freiland was merged with the communities Deutschlandsberg , Bad Gams , Kloster , Osterwitz and Trahütten in 2015 . A complaint brought by the municipality against the amalgamation to the Constitutional Court was unsuccessful.

In terms of population, Freiland was one of the smallest independent municipalities in Styria until 2014. Your area lies on the eastern foothills of the Koralpe , it is bordered in the north by the torrent and in the south by the Laßnitz .

Neighboring places

monastery Bad Gams Bad Gams
Osterwitz Neighboring communities Deutschlandsberg
Trahütten Trahütten Deutschlandsberg

Small region

Freiland was one of the six members of the small region "Core area Bad Gams - Deutschlandsberg - Frauental" (with monastery and Osterwitz). In this community association the tasks of road maintenance, shopping and child and youth care should be done together. The association was constituted on December 9, 2010. It has legal personality and is based on a voluntary agreement, its seat is in Frauental, its legal basis is Section 38a of the municipal code.

Townscape

Freiland village center

Freiland is a typical rural place in western Styria. The village center consists of the St. Jakob in Freiland church with the surrounding cemetery, the former municipal office and the Freiland elementary school with an attached multi-purpose hall and farm yard, a Catholic youth center - Jakobihaus (former parsonage), an inn and the Herk farmhouse museum .

The church, the cemetery, the Herk farmhouse museum and the Catholic youth center are listed buildings .

The Jacobi statue, the village fountain with the symbolic representation of the two rivers Wildbach and Laßnitz and the Josef Krainer memorial stone as well as a war memorial for the fallen and missing of the two world wars complete the small village center.

Agriculture in the open air is characterized by mountain farming. The farms are single farms and are scattered across the entire municipality .

history

At the course of the torrent (torrent ditch) two " flint bulbs " made of jasper and other flint tools were found, which point to a settlement from prehistoric times in this area. Occurrences of flint are documented in a quarry on the Wildbachgraben.

Freiland was first mentioned in a document on March 30, 1188. This is a document which Adalbert III. von Böhmen , Archbishop of Salzburg in Pettau and which is now in the diocesan archive in Klagenfurt.

The initiative to clear and reclaim the forest area came from a Father Frodo from East Franconia. His work and the ownership regulations are described in a further document, which is not dated and is in the Admont Abbey Archives. The document speaks of the construction of 40  hubs in an area that today covers the areas of Freiland, Kloster and Rettenbach.

On January 6, 1203, the Archbishop of Salzburg handed over the Huben to the Admont Benedictine Abbey at the request of Father Frodo . At this point in time, the monastery already had large land holdings in the Gams area. It not only takes over the Huben, but also provides the parish with equipment. In 1207 the archbishop confirmed the donation again.

Initially, at least until the 16th century, members of the order looked after the church in Freiland. They were then replaced by secular priests, as the distance to the Admont Monastery made it difficult for the order members to maintain regular contact with the order. Since the monastery in Upper Styria was too far away for everyday decisions, the provost office of St. Martin in Straßgang near Graz was entrusted with the administration of the areas.

Wayside shrine of St. James

In the 15th and 16th centuries, after the quarter division of Styria in 1462 , Freiland was in the "Quarter between Mur and Traa" (Drau), the predecessor of the Marburg district . The parish was about 150 kilometers from the parent monastery. The shortest (riding) route was over three passes via Voitsberg , Köflach , the Gaberl , Judenburg , Hohentauern , the Triebener Tauernpass , Trieben and over the Kaiserauer Sattel south of Admont to the monastery. In the 16th century, urgent letters needed two days for this route, as the correspondence on the death of Abbot Leonhard (July 11, 1501) shows. The subsequent Admont abbot election dispute did not affect the parish. The pastor at the time, Vinzenz Reichenhauser, stayed in Freiland until 1513.

The princely visitation of 1529, which took place for the parish on June 19 and 20, 1529 in Stainz , names Mr. Thaman Furdmulnär as pastor and documents disputes from the collections for the parish: “Pharrer complains about dy pharrleut, the sy echoed in dy samung . “The number of people attending communion is given as 100. The visitation in 1544/45 dealt with the parish under “Pharr Sant Jacob im Freyen Lanndt”, mentions the incorporation into the Admont Abbey and that every abbot of this monastery is also Vogt, liege lord and confirmator. About 230 people are given as "Comunicanten". "Sant Oßwaldt im Freyen Lanndt" is named as a branch.

In the course of the Turkish wars , outdoor areas were also affected. In 1532 the church was burned down by the Turks. In the next two years the church was rebuilt. The consecration took place in 1534.

The disputes already mentioned during the visitation in 1529 escalated: A unique incident in the district occurred in 1539 when a day laborer killed the then pastor Thomas Furtmüller with a log. This led to a month-long church interdict , which forbade every priest to read masses in the area of ​​the community. Thomas (Thomam) Fuertmulner (Furtmillner, Furtmüllner, Furtmulner) came from Straden , he was ordained a subdeacon on March 3, 1515, a deacon on March 24, 1515, and a priest on April 7, 1515 by the Lavant bishop Peurl . In the same year it appears in the registers of the University of Vienna.

In 1733 there was a devastating fire, triggered by the drying of the flat in the "Brechlhütte" west of the village at the homestead vlg. Herk (still called "Mörthen Hube" in older writings). In addition to the rectory, school and the Herk homestead, the nave of the church also fell victim to the fire. The damage to the church tower was massive.

Description of the Freiland keep at the end of the 17th century

In the 16th and 17th centuries, the municipality belonged to the “Admontischen Burgfried Freiland” for the lower jurisdiction and to the Wildon District Court for the higher (blood) jurisdiction. However, this only applied outside the eaves : within it, the full lower jurisdiction lay with the respective landlord in the 16th century.

From 1770, in the first person and house registration in Austria , people, migrating cattle and houses from the field (under the name "Mitterspiel") are recorded independently. This registration took place within the framework of the army reforms under Maria Theresa and Joseph II . It led to the introduction of the " numbering sections " (also called Konskriptionsgemeinden). Mitterspiel was one such section. Together with other numbering sections such as Osterwitz, Rettenbach, Klosterwinkel, Trahütten, Warnblick, Burgegg or Feilhofen, the area belonged to the Landsberg advertising district . In the years that followed, the numbering section became the tax municipality of the same name and cadastral municipality of Mitterspiel.

The community of Freiland emerged in 1850 from the cadastral community of Mitterspiel. On January 1, 1951, the name was changed from Mitterspiel to Freiland bei Deutschlandsberg.

Location of the former municipality of Freiland in the Deutschlandsberg district with the municipality boundaries until the end of 2014

The parish was excorporated from the Admont Benedictine Abbey in 1981 and incorporated into the Graz-Seckau diocese .

Since 1945 the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP) has provided all mayors. Only the list of the ÖVP has been a candidate for the municipal council for over 20 years.

The elementary school in Freiland should have been closed in September 2012, a complaint to the Constitutional Court was initially successful, so that school operations could continue into the 2014/15 school year. Ultimately, however, the administrative court confirmed the closure, which took place in July 2015. In the end there were only three schoolchildren at the school.

Change of municipality boundaries

The area of Ober Mitterspiel was separated from the former municipality in 1891 and joined to the neighboring municipality of Kloster , cadastral municipality of Klosterwinkel . At the same time, the western area of ​​the cadastral community Hinterleiten, local community Wildbach , was added to the community Mitterspiel. The area and population figures from the time the municipality was established and up to 1891 refer to the original municipality area. The change in the boundary was added manually in the property tax cadastre ( Franziszeischer cadastre ):

  • Change of border between Mitterspiel-Klosterwinkel-Hinterleiten 1891

  • Title page of the decree of the k. k. Ministry of Finance on the border change

  • Sketch of the boundary change in 1891

  • Entry of the change of area in the cadastral folder at the municipality of Freiland

  • Ober Mitterspiel has been the southeastern part of the Kloster community since 1891

  • Ober Mitterspiel with the junction of the road from Carinthia over the Hebalm (at that time through Klosterwinkel)

  • Border of the cadastral communities of Rettenbach and Klosterwinkel to Mitterspiel before 1891

geology

The rocks on which the field lies have been scientifically examined in detail. The ridge of the Schwarzkogelzuges ("Freiländer Ridge"), on which the municipality lies, drops steeply in the south and north into the valleys of the Laßnitz and the wild brook. The steep slopes lead to landslides through which mineral discovery sites are opened up. Road constructions (especially for forest roads and the expansion of the Hebalmstraße in the Hinterleiten district) and quarries make discovery sites, e.g. B. for grenade , accessible. A small stalactite cave was temporarily uncovered during the construction of the Hebalmstrasse. Marble was quarried in several (former) quarries in the Wildbachtal , one of the quarries ("Gupper quarry" in the Hinterleiten district on a sharp right-hand bend in the Hebalmstrasse shortly after its ascent from the Wildbachtal) also opened up a pegmatite , which was the first finding of Spodumen in the Koralm area as well as, for example, tin stone , apatite , beryl , columbite . The pegmatite occurrence has largely disappeared due to the progress of the quarry operation, the formation conditions of the spodumene occurrence have been examined in detail. Furthermore, pyrite , arsenic gravel , chalcedony , chert, tourmaline and a number of other minerals were found in this quarry . At other sites, such as a small tunnel in the Wildbach Valley , small amounts of uranium minerals ( uranium mica , autunite , torbernite , uraninite ), uranium opals, zircon , dumortierite and other minerals were found.

Prince Liechtenstein Forest Railway in Laßnitz Valley

On October 24, 1921, the Austrian federal government granted approval for the construction of the Prince Liechtenstein Forest Railway in Laßnitztal , a forest railway for bringing wood. The transport systems were put into operation as early as 1923. From 1930 the railway was also authorized to transport wood and public passengers together.

The railway line was a narrow-gauge railway with a track width of 760 mm. The wood was carried on feeder routes with a track width of 600 mm from the forests on the Koralpe to a 3.5 km long cable car. The feeder routes were much longer than the actual forest railway: they reached with the northern branch in the municipality of Osterwitz past the Trahütter Hütte (1317 m) to just before the Stoffhütte (1424 m) at the Stoffkogel (1597 m) on the border with Carinthia , with the southern branch past glassworks to the Bärental, a feeder of the Schwarzen Sulm (Bärentalbahnhof). The cable car transported the wood down to the railroad, with the train it went on to Deutschlandsberg to the steam saw of the Prince Liechtenstein Forest Administration next to the GKB station.

In 1959 the operation was stopped and the railway facilities were removed. The route of the forest railway in Laßnitztal is now a hiking trail.

Culture and sights

  • Parish church Freiland near Deutschlandsberg : The church of St. Jakob in Freiland was raised to a parish in 1188. Your organ dates from 1757.
  • Works of art and cultural and historical sights can be found in various public places in the town.
  • About two kilometers northwest of the local area is the statue "Stele", a metal sculpture about four meters high by the Styrian artist Paul Trogger . The sculpture was erected in the course of the construction of Hinterleitenstrasse in 1986.
  • In the local area there is a painted wooden sculpture of St. James the Elder , created by the Graz artist Walter Pisk in 1988.
  • A two-meter-high, brick-built plague column that stands two kilometers southeast of the village on Freilandstrasse is of cultural and historical interest.
  • Immediately next to the church is the Herk farmhouse museum, where guided tours and cultural events take place in the listed building.

coat of arms

The municipal coat of arms was awarded on July 9, 1984. It is held in the colors of Admont Abbey, red and silver, and symbolizes the clearing of the forest to gain a rural livelihood through the clover leaf cut . His description is:

"A silver shield with a red border in a shamrock cut ".

Population development in the former community of Freiland

For Freiland (at that time Mitterspiel, in the old borders), 323 inhabitants ("souls") are named in 1770. Up until the second half of the 19th century, the censuses did not use a uniform basis. B. During the Napoleonic wars, significant parts of the male population could not be recorded at their place of residence and to what extent people were withheld for various reasons (military service, taxes) is not known.

The population development data show the typical picture of rural communities in which, on the one hand, the industrialization of Austria and, on the other hand, the increasing use of machines in agriculture has led to a significant decline in the rural population.

The numbers up to 1880 are based on the former municipality area on the basis of the numbering sections from 1770. The number of inhabitants decreased from 1951 to 2001 by 54%. This was accompanied by the typical problems of maintaining the infrastructure of the village. The outdoor area tried to counteract this by increasing construction activities and promoting the influx of young families. This resulted in the development of new building sites and their development northwest of the primary school.

Personalities

Honorary citizen

  • 1980: Friedrich Niederl (1920–2012), Governor of Styria 1971–1980
  • 1991: Franz Klug, Mayor 1960–1970, Deputy Mayor 1970–1975
  • 2002: Alois Krammer, municipal secretary 1963–2001, municipal councilor 1970–2000, ten years deputy mayor
  • Johann Kollar (December 24, 1935 - September 24, 2012), Konsistorialrat, 1973–2009 Dean of the Deanery Deutschlandsberg, pastor for 18 years in Freiland.
  • Governor Josef Krainer
  • Governor Waltraud Klasnic

societies

  • Free country folk dance group
  • Catholic women's movement
  • Steirischer Bauernbund , local group Freiland
  • Austrian Comradeship Association, Freiland local group
  • Rosary Association

Events

  • Jakobi festival on the first Sunday after July 15th
  • "Advent in the Rauchkuchl", a cheerful and contemplative program in the Herk farmhouse museum, which takes place annually in December.
  • "Es Herbstlt", an annual event of the farmers' union in the Herk farmhouse museum with poems, stories, skits, music, songs with food and drink.

literature

  • Maximilian Riederer, Gunther Riedlsperger, Johann Tomaschek: Freiländer Ortschronik. Self-published by the community of Freiland near Deutschlandsberg, 1988, no ISBN.
  • District topography : Helmut-Theobald Müller (Ed.), Gernot Peter Obersteiner (overall scientific management): History and topography of the Deutschlandsberg district. In: Great historical regional studies of Styria. Founded by Fritz Posch †. Volume 3, Steiermärkisches Landesarchiv and District Authority Deutschlandsberg, Graz / Deutschlandsberg 2005, ISBN 3-901938-15-X . Second part of the volume, Bezirkslexikon, pp. 96-100.
  • Manfred Hohn : Forest railways in Austria. Slezak publishing house, Vienna 1980, pp. 204-205.
  • Provincial Law Gazette for Styria. Born in 1984, 10th item, No. 44: Announcement of the award of the coat of arms.

Historical maps

Web links

Commons : Freiland bei Deutschlandsberg  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Section 3, Paragraph 2, Item 1 of the Act of December 17, 2013 on the reorganization of the municipalities of the State of Styria ( Styrian Municipal Structural Reform Act - StGsrG). Provincial Law Gazette for Styria dated April 2, 2014. No. 31, volume 2014. ZDB -ID 705127-x , p. 2.
  2. ^ Styrian municipal structural reform .
  3. ↑ of the Constitutional Court of 9 December 2014 G 149/2014, 155/2014 G, G 158/2014.
  4. ^ Weekly newspaper Weststeirische Rundschau . No. 50 of December 17, 2010. Volume 83 2010, page 1.
  5. ↑ Styrian municipal code in the version of the amendment in the State Law Gazette No. 92, issued on September 4, 2008, issue 27, page 304 in conjunction with Section 2, Paragraph 1 of the Styrian. Municipal Association Organization Act (GVOG) 1997.
  6. ↑ Michael Brandl: Silex deposits in Styria. Austrian Academy of Sciences ÖAW, Philosophical-Historical Class, Announcements of the Prehistoric Commission Volume 69. Presented at the meeting on June 20, 2008. Verlag der ÖAW, Vienna 2009, ISBN 978-3-7001-6489-0 , ISSN  0065-5376 , Pages 59–61, picture on page 72.
  7. ^ Roland Schäffer: The Admonter abbot election dispute 1501-1519. A contribution to the princely church policy in Styria before the Reformation. In: Berthold Sutter (ed.): Styria in the 16th century. Contributions to regional studies research. Research on the historical regional studies of Styria XXVII. Tape. Published by the Historical Commission for Styria - HLK. Self-published by HLK, Graz 1979, pages 20, footnote 12 and page 55.
  8. ^ Anton Albrecher: The princely visitation and inquisition of 1528 in Styria. Edition of the texts and presentation of the statements about the church conditions. In: Sources for the historical regional studies of Styria, published by the Historical Commission for Styria - HLK, XIII. Tape. Self-published by HLK, Graz 1997, ISBN 3-901251-10-3 , pages 231 and 414.
  9. ^ Rudolf Karl Höfer: The princely visitation of the parishes and monasteries in Styria in the years 1544/1545. Edition of the texts and representations on news about church life. Sources on the historical regional studies of Styria, published by the Historical Commission for Styria - HLK. XIV. Volume. Self-published by HLK, Graz 1992, ISBN 3-901251-02-2 , pages 166 and 193.
  10. ↑ Ferdinand Hutz: The ordination register of Lavant Bishop Leonhard Peurl 1509-1536. In: Sources for the historical regional studies of Styria, published by the Historical Commission for Styria - HLK, Volume X. Graz 1994. Self-published by HLK, ISBN 3-901251-06-5 , pages 106, 110, 112, 226, 267 and 306.
  11. ^ Anton Mell: High and lower criminal jurisdictions. Regional courts and truces in Styria. In: Anton Mell, Hans Pirchegger: Styrian court descriptions . As sources for the Historical Atlas of the Austrian Alpine Countries. I. Department. District court map: Styria. In the series: Sources on the constitutional and administrative history of Styria. I. Volume. Published by the Historical State Commission for Styria. Graz 1914. General: Pages XX – XLIV. On the Admont castle keep: page 239 .
  12. ^ Mell: Criminal Courts , Page XXVI.
  13. ↑ a b c Manfred Straka: Administrative boundaries and population development in Styria 1770-1850. Explanations for the first delivery of the Historical Atlas of Styria. Research on the historical regional studies of Styria, XXXI. Tape. Published by the Historical Commission for Styria - HLK. Self-published by the HLK, Graz 1978, pages 42–57 (methodology of the censuses) and 213 (table of inhabitants of the advertising district with the census results).
  14. ^ Manfred Straka: Numbering sections and advertising districts of Styria 1779/81. Maps on a scale of 1: 300,000. In: Historical Atlas of Styria . Published by the Historical Commission for Styria - HLK. Academic printing and publishing company. Graz 1977 1st delivery: Administrative boundaries and population development in Styria 1770–1850. Sheet 2 (sheet north).
  15. ^ Manfred Straka: Tax communities and advertising districts of Styria 1798–1810. Maps on a scale of 1: 300,000. In: Historical Atlas of Styria . Published by the Historical Commission for Styria - HLK. Academic printing and publishing company. Graz 1977. 1st delivery: Administrative boundaries and population development in Styria 1770–1850. Sheet 4 (sheet north)
  16. ^ Manfred Straka: cadastral communities and advertising districts of Styria 1818–1848. Maps on a scale of 1: 300,000. In: Historical Atlas of Styria . Published by the Historical Commission for Styria - HLK. Academic printing and publishing company. Graz 1977. 1st delivery: Administrative boundaries and population development in Styria 1770–1850. Sheet 6 (sheet north).
  17. ^ Announcement of October 11, 1950 . Provincial Law Gazette for Styria of November 17, 1950. Issue 24, No. 45, p. 174.
  18. ^ Order of the Constitutional Court of August 29, 2012, B 939/12.
  19. ^ Decision of the Constitutional Court of August 22, 2014, B 854 / 2012-17, B 939 / 2012-13, B 947 / 2012-17 (with assignment to the Administrative Court).
  20. ↑ knowledge of the Administrative Court of 22 April 2015 Ro 2014/10/0101.
  21. ↑ "AUS" also for the Freiland mountain school. In: Weekly newspaper Weststeirische Rundschau . No. 32 from August 7, 2015. Volume 88 2015, page 2.
  22. ↑ Decree of the imperial-royal finance minister (high kk. Finance ministerial decree, h.kk.FME) of 6 August 1891, Zl. 23630.
  23. ↑ Communal announcement 1850: Decree of the governor of September 20, 1850, which announces the new local congregations established according to the provisional law of March 17, 1849 with their allocation to the political court and tax office districts in the Crown Land of Styria. General state law and government gazette for the Crown Land of Styria. I. year 1850. XXI. Item no. 378, page 432. Supplement “Kreis Gratz” (supplement Graz).
  24. ↑ Peter Beck-Mannagetta: On the tectonics of the Stainzer and Gamser slab gneiss in the Koralpe (Styria). Yearbook of the Federal Geological Institute . 90th year, Vienna 1945, pages 151–180. ( PDF ).
  25. ↑ G (ernot) Weissensteiner: Minerals of the Koralpe . 1. Special volume of the club magazine Die Eisenblüte . Association of Styrian Mineral Collectors, Graz 1979.
  26. ↑ Helmut Höller: A spodumene beryl pegmatite and a mineral-rich marble in the torrent ditch near Deutschlandsberg. Bulletin of the Department of Mineralogy in the Landesmuseum Joanneum 1/1959, Graz, page 19 (only half-page first report).
  27. ↑ Haymo Heritsch: The formation conditions of the Spodumenpegmatites from the quarry Gupper, Koralpe, near Deutschlandsberg, West Styria. Announcements of the natural science association for Styria. Volume 114. Graz 1984, pp. 47-56. ( PDF )
  28. ^ Gerhard Niedermayr, Walter Postl, Franz Walter: New Mineral Finds from Austria XXXII. In: Carinthia II. Communications from the Natural Science Association for Carinthia. 173/93. Year, Klagenfurt 1983, point 549, pp. 356-357 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
  29. ↑ Gernot Weissensteiner: Mineral finds from the "Hohen Lassnitz", Koralpe. In: The Styrian Mineralogist. Collector's magazine for mineralogy and paleontology. Published by the Association of Styrian Mineral Collectors - VStM Graz. Year 10/2000, issue 14, pages 9-14.
  30. ↑ Heinrich Purkarthofer: The Styrian municipal coats of arms awarded in 1984 and 1985. (PDF) Landesarchiv Steiermark, p. 43 , accessed on March 20, 2015 .
  31. ↑ Weststeirische Rundschau, No. 6 (February 9, 1980), p. 1f.
  32. ^ Weekly newspaper Weststeirische Rundschau from September 28, 2012. Volume 85, No. 39, page 3.
  33. ↑ Weekly newspaper Weststeirische Rundschau from October 12, 2012. Volume 85, No. 41, page 2.