Klosterwinkel
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Klosterwinkel (ZH) locality cadastral community Klosterwinkel |
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| Basic data | |||
| Pole. District , state | Deutschlandsberg (DL), Styria | ||
| Pole. local community | monastery | ||
| Coordinates | 46 ° 54 '25 " N , 15 ° 5' 28" E | ||
| height | 1000 m above sea level A. | ||
| Residents of the village | 109 (January 1, 2020) | ||
| Area d. KG | 14.5 km² | ||
| Post Code | 8530 | ||
| Primaries | + 43 / +43 3469 | ||
| Statistical identification | |||
| Locality code | 14516 | ||
| Cadastral parish number | 61027 | ||
| Counting district / district | 60316 000 (60316) | ||
 Location of the cadastral municipality of Klosterwinkel in the former municipality of Kloster |
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| Source: STAT : index of places ; BEV : GEONAM ; GIS-Stmk | |||
Klosterwinkel is the name for a settlement area in the community of Deutschlandsberg in Styria, until 2014 it belonged to the former community of Kloster . The settlement area lies in the larger cadastral community of the same name, Klosterwinkel.
geography
Settlement area
Klosterwinkel is located on the northeast slope of the Schwarzkogel . In the north-west it borders on the Freiländer Alm on the Koralpe ridge and in the south-east on the town of St. Oswald in Freiland . In the south it is bordered by the Schwarzkogel and in the north by the torrent .
This area is also known as a “monastery”, like the previous parish in which it is located. This can lead to confusion between this part of the community and the former community itself. Klosterwinkel has no town center. In the official calendar and in statistical documents it is mentioned with the abbreviation "ZH" for "scattered houses" as part of the place "monastery". The Klosterbach flows in the middle of Klosterwinkel .
As a settlement area, Klosterwinkel is smaller than the cadastral community. According to the official statistics based on the 2001 census, it has 69 buildings, 44 of which are where people have their main residence. In 2001 there were 52 households and 75 apartments in Klosterwinkel. In 2001 there were 29 secondary residences in Klosterwinkel, 10 workplaces and 34 agricultural and forestry operations. In these census records, Klosterwinkel is listed as a “monastery”.
Cadastral parish
The cadastral community of Klosterwinkel encloses the Schwarzkogel in a semicircle from southeast to north to southwest.
The place St. Oswald in Freiland and the Freiländer Alm are also in the cadastral community of Klosterwinkel. The second cadastral municipality in the municipality of Kloster, Rettenbach , is enclosed on three sides by Klosterwinkel.
In the north, the cadastral municipality of Klosterwinkel borders the municipalities of Hirschegg-Pack (district Pack) and Edelschrott (district Modriach). The north-eastern border towards the Deutschlandsberg district of Bad Gams is essentially formed by the torrent . In the east is open land . In the south, the ridge of the Schwarzkogel forms the border with the cadastral community of Rettenbach. In the west and south-east, Klosterwinkel borders with Osterwitz on another district of the Deutschlandsberg community and in the south-west on Carinthia ( Preitenegg community ).
Sterzriegel
The Sterzriegel is a mountain ridge in the middle of Klosterwinkel. It begins on the northern slope of the Schwarzkogel and runs southeast. The Sterzriegel separates the source area of the torrent from the course of the Klosterbach, it ends at the confluence of the Klosterbach in the torrent. Plots of the farms Gratzen, Zachen, Rambacher (Reinbacher), Lichtenegger and Schmuckfastl were located on it.
Several explanations are given for the name of the sterling bar:
- Sterz is an old word for something that protrudes or branches off elsewhere, like the handle of a plow, the tail of an animal, a stalk, a stalk. This derivation can be based on the shape of the star bar, which protrudes from the Schwarzkogel massif.
- The name of the ridge should refer to its (compared to the other areas of the area) climatically favorable location, which was formerly used for the cultivation of kukuruz . Sterz was made from corn semolina . Maize had been declared a tenth free grain by imperial decree in 1733 and thus became a preferred crop.
The Sterzriegel may have been one of the early cultivation trial areas.
- Another interpretation indicates that the back has the shape of a corn cob, which lies in the valley of the torrent. This interpretation assumes that the back used to carry fields - if not with maize, then at least - with grain ( wheat , barley , rye , oats ), which in summer highlighted the area in yellow compared to the surrounding forests.
Via the Sterzriegel there was a connection to “Greimstraße”: This street was mentioned in 1225 on the occasion of a border dispute with the Admont Abbey (“landstrazze”). It began in Gams and led over the Greim and Sallegg up to the mountain heights. The " Hube an der Abetz" was located on this street . This name was the name of the old, no longer existing farm in the Rettenbach valley at the beginning of the Hebalm (also called Nikljosl, approx. 500 m southeast of today's Hebalm inn Rehbockhütte). This defines a course over the municipality of Kloster : The road can run west of the Schwarzkogel over the Freiländer Alm over the Klosterwinkel and the Sterzriegel or south over the area of Rettenbach.
history
General
The area of today's Klosterwinkel was, according to the land register of Admont Abbey from 1548, one of the three settlement areas of the possessions of this monastery in the area of Freiland: "in the lower place" (= today's Freiland), "in Rötenpach" and "in the monastery".
Klosterwinkel was an independent conscription community from 1770 until the formation of the municipality of Kloster . Tax collection and registration of soldiers took place in such communities.
Until 1891, Klosterwinkel bordered the district of " Ober Mitterspiel " in the municipality of Freiland (then called Mitterspiel). It was not until this year that this area, which lies south of the town of St. Oswald, became part of the cadastral community of Klosterwinkel. Information on areas and population numbers up to 1890 refer to the earlier, smaller area of the cadastral community.
Locations in the area can be ambiguous: The Josephinische Landesaufnahme from 1790 describes (only) the eastern part of today's Klosterwinkel as "In the monastery" and only the head of the valley of the torrent as Klosterwinkel. Conversely, only the head of the valley is shown as a “monastery” in cartographic documents from the 19th century.
The sheets of the Franziszeischen cadastre are evidence of the economic use.
Settlement and economic history are documented in names
The name Klosterwinkel is not derived from the extent (which is only easily recognizable on the cadastral map), but from the fact that the area is on the upper reaches, i.e. in the last, rear part of the Wildbach Valley and that this area was monastic property. This relationship has existed since the handover of the community area to the Admont Abbey in 1203. The area north of Klosterwinkel was already owned by the Rein bei Graz and Admont monasteries, so that the area was not only owned by the monastery itself, but also bordered on them.
The name of a valley head as an angle is common in Austria and can also be found in a district in Osterwitz or Heiligenblut .
- Limits and land use of Klosterwinkel around 1825 ( Franziszeischer Cadastre )
Overview of the cadastral sheets
Border to Mitterspiel before 1891, sheet X
Sterzriegel, sheet VII
Rametzen, Wolfsriegel, Christophlenz, Gratzen, sheet VI
Head of the Wildbach Valley , sheet III
Border to Edelschrott and Modriach , to III
The area of the Freiländer Alm , sheet I.
Freiland Alm with Filzmoos , sheet II
Stocker Alm, southern Hebalm, sheet IV
Freiländer Alm at Blochriegel north of Rettenbach , sheet V
The house names of the farms in Klosterwinkel are mostly derived from the (first) names of previous owners (Albrecht, Zach, Fastlannerl, Bartltoni, Urberfranz, Steffelbauer). Furthermore, the names refer to locations (Lichtenegger, Reinbacher / Rambacher, Roansima) or to functions (Reinischwirt, Gratzen, Triftweber). Some names are assumed to have a Slavic origin, such as Kautz (from Tkalec) and Gratzen. The names can provide references to historical situations.
The streets in Klosterwinkel do not have official names, houses and settlement areas have changed their numbering several times. To differentiate, the names of the farms are used as topographical designations in everyday life, but also in scientific literature . These names often come from administrative practice at the end of the 17th century, when it became necessary for the administration of taxes by the manorial lords, on a larger scale and in the long term, to designate people and their places of residence more clearly because of the same personal names. For the interpretation of a court name, the history and the location of the court are often to be used primarily, not the personal name used.
Burrs
In the middle of the cadastral community of Klosterwinkel there is a former farm "Gratzen", the name of which indicates the presence of a fortified building or at least a building that was assigned to the authorities and a Slavic settlement.
The name Gratzen is derived from “grad” = castle in Old Church Slavonic , Slovenian and Croatian , “Gradec” means “small castle” in Slovenian. The spelling of the farm name is different: Graz, Gratz, Klosterwinkel-Gratzen, Gratzn, Gratzer etc. mean the same farm. The farm is to be distinguished from the farm with the same name in Rettenbach .
Today's Klosterwinkelstrasse (L 645), built after 1938, runs south of this property.
The farm used to be in a central location with a wide view of the valley of the torrent : the Josephinische Landesaufnahme from 1790 shows that the house was on one of the former roads leading from Deutschlandsberg to the Hebalm . From his location, not only this route connection, but also one of the shortest connections from Deutschlandsberg via the Schrogentor to Modriach and thus into the packing area could be checked. Another path ran east over the ridge between Klosterbach and Wildbach (Sterzriegel) into the valley of the Wildbach.
This situation is also reflected in maps from the 1930s (see picture). The view has meanwhile been reduced by the forest.
The steep ridge on which the property lies is bordered by the two branches of the cloister stream. Due to this local situation, in the past the Klosterbach was partially viewed as the actual main river of the upper Wildbach Valley, the upper reaches of the Wildbach. The cloister stream can be referred to as a torrent in old documents, but also in current usage . The western source river of the torrent can also be referred to as a cloister stream.
Reinischwirt (Buchenreinisch), Reinischkogel
Several names in the area contain the syllable "Pure ...": That can
- indicate the location on a brook bank, a (field) border, a rain or
- a connection with the Rein pen . Subjects and members of the Rein Abbey cleared and owned extensive goods in western Styria, so that names with "Reinisch-" can come from it.
The pronunciation is useful to distinguish between these variants: The (Acker-) Rain is pronounced as [ ˈrõa ... ] (which can sometimes lead to spellings like “Rohr-”, e.g. Rohrsima or Roabacher, this also “ Verbochdeutscht “ Rambacher ), the other variant than [ ˈræi ... ] as with Reinischkogel , Reinischwirt.
The name of the (now closed) inn "Reinischwirt" is Buchenreinisch . This name is a reference to the common red beech trees in the area. Potash from beech was part of the basics of glass production in the Koralm area . Ash production ( ash burning ) was an important branch of business until the 18th century.
Albrecht
The name can contain a reference to the name Albrecht , which was common among the rulers of Austria and Styria in the Middle Ages, and thus a date when this farm was founded or the land was cleared. In 1292 a Landsberg League fought against Duke Albrecht I of Habsburg, who had ruled Styria since 1282 . The feud was settled in 1298. Albrecht also prevailed against the Salzburg archbishop, who had supported the unrest.
Zach, Zachn
The name "Zach" is a shortened form of the biblical name Zacharias , which used to be more common : ( Father John the Baptist , or the prophet Zacharias ).
"Zach (e)" (male, also "the Zachn") is also an old word for the wick in a lamp. It remains to be seen whether the farm names in “Zach-…” that appear again and again in the localities of the area can be associated with this: lamp wicks were a necessary economic asset. It cannot be verified, but it cannot be ruled out from the outset that in remote areas such as the area dealt with here a person has specialized in its production.
Urberfranz
The part of the name “Urber-” can be traced back to several names: Urbe (de) is an old word for payments to an authority (land tax, interest, pension, lease, tax, etc.). Like the word Urbar , the term comes from the Old High German “ur-beran” or the Middle High German “erbern” for “bring forth” or “bring (the manor) an income”. It can mean a person obliged to pay such services.
Urber as a family or farm name can refer to the Bavarian colonization of south-east Austria. The name can be derived from the designation of origin Urbair, Urbayer, which means ancestry from Bavaria. Klosterwinkel was at the end of the 8th century after the subjugation of the Slavic rulers by the Bavarian Duke Tassilo III. subordinated to the Duchy of Bavaria . Only after Charlemagne had deposed Tassilo did it come under the sovereignty of the Franconian Empire . Urber is also derived from the name Urban .
The area at vlg. Urberfranz is shown under "Christoflenz" in the 19th century.
Jewellery
This is a German name, in Middle High German smuc "to nestle, embrace". This can be a nickname based on a characteristic trait or a name for someone who likes to "wear jewelry, adorn themselves" or from "tight-fitting (from clothing)". You might also think of a meaning “hunched together, crooked”, since smuc is derived from the verb nestle (with these meanings). The name has nothing to do with smuggling. The Slovene spelling "Žmugg" in family names in the area is regarded as the phonetic transcription of the German sound.
Kautz
There are two explanations for this farm name:
- after the forest bird owl
- after the Slavic word tkalec for "weaver".
Natural monuments
Filzmoos
The “Freiländer Filzmoos” nature reserve is located in the cadastral community .
Birkenkögerl
The plate gneiss, which is widespread in the area, is easily fissile along its foliation. This not only favors its use as a building material, but also means that plant seeds collect and germinate in the crevices of the rock. In some places this gives the impression that “a tree has grown out of the rock”, whereby the roots have burst the structure of the rock.
Around 1960 there was a single, mighty white birch on a rocky hill called "Birkenkögerl" , the roots of which had broken up the slabs of rock so that one could see through beneath them.
The point is located approx. 400 meters east of the Freiländer Almhütte to the left of the old, today unmarked, but clearly recognizable cart path to the Schwarzkogel. It was a natural monument. The original tree had largely died and rotten in 2007, but had sprouted new branches. Its location was dominated by spruce trees, but it was still possible to see through under the stone. The nature conservation declaration was repealed in summer 2010. The location of the former natural monument has been in the area of the “Freiländer Filzmoos” nature reserve since 2010.
Linden tree
A linden tree in Klosterwinkel is described by the writer Max Mell in his story "Paradeisspiel" with the following words:
“… We in the cities do not have the huge old trees anywhere in our facilities like those on the farms on the slopes of the Koralpe. ... Or the other linden tree that I saw one day on a farm in Klosterwinkel! The whole place had become mountainous from its roots, and I had to spread my arms seven times to be able to measure the circumference of the trunk. ... "
Chapels
The Steffelbauer Chapel is located in the eastern part of the cadastral community. It is dedicated to St. Mary and was built in 1962 by the landowners, the Horvath family.
Two more chapels are located at the courtyards vlg. Fastlannerl and vlg. Bartltoni.
Events
In the inns Reinischwirt (Annemarie Longus and Ida Lueger) and earlier also at the Steffelbauer (Martin Horvath) rooms are available for private events in Klosterwinkel.
The Gasthof Steffelbauer is closed, events with music groups and artists from the district and the wider area used to take place. B. the Lonsperch Rofflern (jazz, folk, rock, cabaret, modern theater literature) or the group “Anida a Noar”.
Further events are held in the village of St. Oswald in Freiland (community center or Gasthof Triftweber).
geology
The cadastral community lies on the border between gneiss-mica schist and slab gneiss. The slab gneiss is located at the western end of one of the eight published slab gneiss areas in the eastern Koralpe, the "Freiland complex". At the Kautz farm, when building a stable, an approximately five-meter-long lens of calcium silicate slate (marble) was found, which is noted in the specialist literature as a difference to other areas of this rock boundary. The marble block, in which the silicate minerals augite and scapolite were found, contributes to the understanding of the rock formations in the area. The subsoil of Klosterwinkel accordingly consists in the north-western part of a rock that is heavily interspersed with mica ( gneiss mica schist ). The mica flakes make some rock blocks and stretches of sand shine in strong sunshine, especially if a previous downpour has bound the dust.
During road construction and landslides on streams and rivers, up to hand-sized mica plates and crystals were exposed. Common rock in the area is gneiss .
The streams in Klosterwinkel mostly flow in narrow, sometimes ravine-like trenches, the slopes of which contain mineral deposits. Other mineral sites arise during the construction or expansion of roads, such as south-east of the Klugbauer farm, where pyrite and cassiterite (tin stone) were found in a pegmatite .
Web links
Remarks
- ↑ Gray = forest, green = meadow, scrub, W. = willow, H = hat willow, light yellow (in these leaves from 1825 it is difficult to distinguish the color from the paper) = alpine pasture or less productive, darker yellow = arable land , brown = path parcels. Yellow buildings = wooden buildings, red buildings = stone buildings. JM = young maize, MH = medium wood, SH = pole wood, HS = high-stemmed, felling forest. Supplements up to the second half of the 19th century are shown in red.
Individual evidence
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↑ Freytag-Berndt hiking map with short guide . Sheet 41, Graz – Koralpe – Eibiswald . 1: 100,000. Freytag-Berndt and Artaria, Vienna 1983, ISBN 3-85084-641-5 , No. 1183841137.
District hand map 1: 100,000 Deutschlandsberg (judicial districts: Deutschlandsberg, Eibiswald and Stainz). Freytag-Berndt & Artaria, Vienna. No. 047777028119. No year, but according to road status before 1982 (Packautobahn still under construction). - ↑ a b Austrian map 1: 25,000. Sheet 189/1 Ligist. Published by the Federal Office for Metrology and Surveying (Land Survey) in Vienna. New additions in 1947, individual additions in 1953.
- ↑ Styria directory of statistics Austria ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , P. 63.
- ↑ Sterz. In: Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm : German dictionary . Volume 18 Stehung – Stitzig. Leipzig 1941. Column 2530, line 41. See also column 2532, line 73 of this keyword, where under 2) c) α) the word is documented in geographical contexts. Reprint from Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, Munich 1991, ISBN 3-423-05945-1 . dtv 5945. Structure quoted from: The digital Grimm - Electronic edition of the first processing . Version 12/04. Two thousand and one, Frankfurt am Main, ISBN 3-86150-628-9 . Competence center for electronic cataloging and publication processes in the humanities at the University of Trier in conjunction with the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences.
- ^ District topography. Helmut-Theobald Müller (ed.), Gernot Peter Obersteiner (overall scientific management): History and topography of the Deutschlandsberg district. Styrian Provincial Archives and District Authority Deutschlandsberg, Graz / Deutschlandsberg 2005, ISBN 3-901938-15-X . In the series: Great historical regional studies of Styria. Founded by Fritz Posch †. Volume 3. First part, general part. Gerhard Fischer: peasantry, agriculture and forestry. P. 340.
- ^ Gerhard Fischer: Osterwitz. a miraculous place in the high pürg. Life, joy and suffering of an area and its inhabitants. Osterwitz 2002, p. 138. Editor and publisher: Municipality of Osterwitz. Production: Simadruck Aigner & Weisi, Deutschlandsberg.
- ^ District topography. First volume: Gerhard Fischer: Peasantry, agriculture and forestry. P. 365.
- ^ Gerhard Fischer: Osterwitz. P. 335.
- ↑ Maximilian Riederer, Gunther Riedlsperger, Johann Tomaschek: Freiländer Ortschronik. Self-published by the municipality of Freiland near Deutschlandsberg, 1988, pp. 51 and 55.
- ↑ Map 1: 75,000 Zone 18 Col XII from 1881 and measuring table sheet 1: 25,000 Section 5254/2 of the Landesaufnahme or its sheet 5254 D. Landsberg and Wolfsberg 1: 75,000. Published by the Military Geography Institute in Vienna.
- ↑ a b Gerda Woletz: The bed load conditions of the Laßnitz. In: Artur Winkler-Hermaden, Peter Beck-Mannagetta , Karl Bistritschan, Gerda Woletz, Karl Schoklitsch, Herbert Pichler: Scientific study results of the working group for geological and pedological investigations in the catchment area of the Laßnitz river in southwest Styria. Session reports of the Academy of Sciences in Vienna, mathematical and natural science class, Department 1, Volume 149, Issue 7 to 10 (presented at the session on June 27, 1940). Verlag Hölder-Pichler-Tempsky, Vienna 1940, pp. 245-257.
- ^ Franz Pichler: The vulgar names in Pitschgau and Bischofegg. In: Blätter für Heimatkunde. Published by the Historical Association for Styria. 30th year 1956, issue 3, p. 74.
- ↑ Origin of the name see Graz .
- ↑ Note from the farm owner vlg. Zach in Klosterwinkel on June 14, 2007.
- ↑ The Rein Abbey near Graz played a decisive role in the settlement of the Kainach Valley and Central Styria south of the Gleinalpe. Othmar Pickl: Contributions to the economic history of the Rein Zisterze up to the beginning of modern times. In: Paulus Rappold (Ed.): Stift Rein 1129–1979. 850 years of culture and belief. Festschrift for the anniversary. Rein 1979, pp. 108-134.
- ↑ Trade information system Austria: GISA number 19496825, former trade register number 6031566. End of trade license February 29, 2020.
- ↑ Land Register 61027 Klosterwinkel, District Court Deutschlandsberg, insert number 10. As of May 4, 2008.
- ↑ Andreas Exner: Potential natural distribution of the common beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.) in forest communities and on locations in the Hebalm area (northeastern Koralpe). With a plant-sociological overview of the most important types of vegetation on logs, forest-free wet and humid locations and rock corridors in the area. Diploma thesis for obtaining the master’s degree at the University of Vienna, Faculty of Science and Engineering. Vienna 2000. Figure 1: Sketch of the location of concentrated beech deposits in the study area. (Map insert after p. 4).
- ^ District topography. First volume, general part. Werner Tscherne : Commerce, trade and industry. Pp. 383-385.
- ^ Gerhard Fischer: Osterwitz. P. 221.
- ^ District topography. First volume: Gernot Peter Obersteiner: Settlement, administration and jurisdiction until 1848. P. 59.
- ↑ Rosa and Volker Kohlheim: Duden family names origin and meaning. 2nd completely revised edition. Bibliographisches Institut / F. A. Brockhaus, Mannheim / Leipzig, Vienna / Zurich 2005, ISBN 3-411-70852-2 . See also in GenWiki: Bahlow Schlesisches Namenbuch. P. 74.
- ↑ Zache. In: Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm : German dictionary . Volume 31 Z-Zmasche. Leipzig 1956, column 10, line 34.
- ↑ Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm: German Dictionary. Volume 24 Un-Uzvogel. Leipzig 1936. Keyword “urbe / urbede”. Column 2381 line 48.
- ↑ z. B. used in a document from January 4, 1393, quoted from: Prussian Document Book (queried August 23, 2007).
- ↑ Using the example of the name part [Wüllerstorf-] Urbair: Friedrich Wallisch : His ship was called Novara . Bernhard von Wüllerstorf . Admiral and Minister. Herold Verlag, Vienna-Munich 1966. P. 51. No ISBN.
- ^ District topography. First part of the volume. Christoph Gutjahr: Prehistory and Early History and Medieval Archeology. P. 42.
- ^ Franz Pichler: The vulgar names in Pitschgau and Bischofegg. In: Blätter für Heimatkunde. 30th year 1956, issue 4, p. 77.
- ↑ Record sheet ( measurement table sheet ) 1: 25,000 Section 5254/2 of the 3rd regional survey for sheet 5254 D. Landsberg and Wolfsberg 1: 75,000. Published by the Military Geography Institute in Vienna.
- ↑ jewelry. In: Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm : German dictionary . Volume 15 Schiefeln – Seele. Leipzig 1899, column 1112, line 46. Reprint Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, Munich 1991, ISBN 3-423-05945-1 . dtv 5945. Structure quoted from: The digital Grimm - Electronic edition of the first processing . Version 12/04. Two thousand and one, Frankfurt am Main, ISBN 3-86150-628-9 . Competence center for electronic cataloging and publication processes in the humanities at the University of Trier in conjunction with the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences.
- ^ Austrian Academy of Sciences. Center for Linguistics, Image and Sound Documentation. Institute for Austrian Dialect and Name Encyclopedias ( Memento of the original dated May 23, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (DINAMLEX). Information from January 31st and February 27th 2008 (see discussion).
- ↑ also Tkauc, Tkavc, Tkautz, Kaue, Tkalcic, Kalcsics, Kavcic, Kautschitsch, Kautsch, Kautzsch, Kauch: Manfred Trummer: Slawische Steiermark = Slightly extended version of the lecture of the same name at the symposium “Being foreign - staying together. The Slovene Ethnic Group in Austria ”as part of the“ Slovene Days ”at the Karl-Franzens University in Graz, 25. – 28. March 1996. From: Christian Stenner (Ed.): Slovenian Styria. Displaced minority in Austria's southeast. Böhlau, Vienna / Cologne / Weimar 1997, ISBN 3-205-98690-3 , pp. 15–34.
- ↑ Ordinance of the district captain of Deutschlandsberg on the declaration of the moor "Freiländer Filzmoos" as a nature reserve. Grazer Zeitung year 2010, pp. 458–459, in force from August 28, 2010. Index of Styrian regional law 5500/02/240. The ordinance of the District Commission of Deutschlandsberg from November 21, 1967, GZ: 7 K 2/9 66, on the declaration of the “Legföhren population on the Freiländer Alm” as a protected part of the landscape, which had been in force until then, was thus suspended.
- ^ Curt Fossel, Hermann Kühnert: Nature Conservation Handbook IV. Natural history features in Styrian communities. Publisher: Österreichischer Naturschutzbund, Landesgruppe Styria. Leopold Stocker Verlag , Graz / Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-7020-0692-3 , p. 237.
- ↑ Decision of the District Commission of Deutschlandsberg, Nature Conservation Department, dated September 6, 2010.
- ↑ Max Mell: Collected Works. Volume 4. Amandus Verlag, Vienna 1962, p. 133 - last paragraph of this story. Original edition: Paradeisspiel in Styria. Portrayed by Max Mell. The Joanneum in Graz on the day of its founding. Pustet publishing house, Salzburg 1936.
- ↑ Out and about in Deutschlandsberg. The Steffelbauer tells… . Weekly newspaper Weststeirische Rundschau . Volume 85, No. 11 from March 16, 2012, p. 3.
- ↑ Peter Beck-Mannagetta , Martin Kirchmayer: The quartz , mica and feldspar grain structures in the eight plate gneiss complexes of the Koralpe. In: Yearbook of the Federal Geological Institute . Volume 131 Issue 4. Vienna 1988, pp. 505–532 (PDF; 2.2 MB), graphic representation: p. 506.
- ↑ Peter Beck-Mannagetta: Report (PDF; 116 kB) on the Geological Map 189 Deutschlandsberg. In: Yearbook of the Federal Geological Institute. Volume 132 Issue 3. Vienna 1989, p. 615.
- ↑ Peter Beck-Mannagetta: On the tectonics of the Stainzer and Gamser slab gneiss in the Koralpe (Styria). Yearbook of the Federal Geological Institute. Volume 90 Issue 3 + 4. Vienna 1945. p. 166 (PDF; 1.4 MB).
- ^ Geological map of the Republic of Austria 189 Deutschlandsberg. Published by the Federal Geological Institute, Vienna 1991.
- ↑ Gernot Weissensteiner: Mineral finds from the "Hohen Lassnitz", Koralpe. In: The Styrian Mineralogist. Collector's magazine for mineralogy and paleontology. Published by the Association of Styrian Mineral Collectors (VStM) Graz. Year 10/2000, issue 14, pp. 9-14.
- ↑ Weissensteiner, Lassnitz, p. 14.
