Drachenfelser Ländchen

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View over the Drachenfelser Ländchen to the Siebengebirge (from Berkum in a northeastern direction)
Drachenfelser Ländchen (North Rhine-Westphalia)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Location of the Drachenfelser Ländchen in North Rhine-Westphalia

Coordinates: 50 ° 37 ′ 39 ″  N , 7 ° 8 ′ 51 ″  E

The Drachenfelser Ländchen is a hilly landscape in the area of ​​the municipality of Wachtberg in the left bank of the Rhine-Sieg district , along the border with Rhineland-Palatinate , between Bonn in the east and the city of Meckenheim in the west. It is located in the southeast of the Rhineland Nature Park .

topography

The Drachenfelser Ländchen is characterized by old Rhine terraces, the valley of the Mehlemer Bach and striking peaks of volcanic origin, including the Wachtberg ( 258  m above sea level , between Villip and Berkum ), the Stumpeberg (approx. 230  m ), the Hohenberg ( 263  m ) (both near Berkum) and the Dächelsberg (between Oberbachem and Niederbachem ). Another extinct volcano is the Rodderberg at the border point to Bonn- Mehlem and Remagen - Oberwinter .

The 25 million year old volcanic rock ( trachyte and basalt ) was already mined by the Romans and later used for the construction of Cologne Cathedral . The parish patrons of Niederbachem ( St. Gereon ) and Oberbachem ( Holy Three Kings ) point to Cologne. The former quarries have largely developed into species-rich biotopes and are under nature protection .

In terms of nature , the Drachenfelser Ländchen belongs to the large Lower Middle Rhine Region (292) and specifically to the sub-category of the Rhine-Ahr Terraces (292.2).

Origin of the designation

The name Drachenfelser Ländchen comes from the Electoral Cologne burgraves of Drachenfels . They resided on the Drachenfels mountain in the Siebengebirge on the right bank of the Rhine and administered the opposite area on the left bank of the Rhine. The widely assumed origin from the view of the Drachenfels is wrong, even if this view, as one has it from many points in the "Ländchen", is quite attractive. The Drachenfelser Ländchen was a subordinate rule of the Electoral Cologne Office of Godesberg-Mehlem and was also known as the Burggrafschaft Drachenfels .

history

In the middle of the 12th century, Archbishop Arnold had Drachenfels Castle built to secure the territory of the Electorate of Cologne to the south. In 1149 he transferred the castle to the provost of the St. Cassius monastery in Bonn as a free fief before it was completed . The castle was completed in 1166 under Probst Gerhard von Are . This in turn entrusted Godart with the administration of the castle. A short time later the castle was enfeoffed in favor of the castle administrators, who were now burgraves and were allowed to bequeath the fief.

The Burggrafschaft Drachenfels (lower edge of the map) (1789 based on a map by Wilhelm Fabricius)

The burgraves were in an isolated position on the right bank of the Rhine. They competed with the nearby Wolkenburg in the Electorate of Cologne , whose territory included an area around Königswinter and Ittenbach and which was completely surrounded by the Duchy of Berg on the right bank of the Rhine . Therefore, the burgraves strove repeatedly to receive income from the opposite area on the left bank of the Rhine, which was shaped by the monasteries of the Cologne archbishopric. Finally, in 1301 , Archbishop Wigbold awarded the judicial district of Bachheim (today Niederbachem and Oberbachem ) to Burgrave Heinrich von Drachenfels. He was also in charge of administration for the neighboring districts of the Electorate of Cologne, up deme geuwe (including Berkum , Gimmersdorf , Kürrighoven , Ließem , Züllighoven ) and Pissenheim (today Werthhoven ).

These eight villages made up the Drachenfelser Ländchen . It was a subordinate rule of the Electoral Cologne office of Godesberg-Mehlem .

On May 13, 1402, Burgrave Godart von Drachenfels and his wife Aleid expanded their territory with the acquisition of the House of Gudenau in Villip . After the death of Godart von Drachenfels and Olbrück , Drachenfels Castle was assigned to one lineage and the House of Gudenau to a second lineage. A dispute over generations over the administrative responsibility began. The cause was an inheritance agreement, according to which the income from the Drachenfelser Ländchen was divided equally between the two lineages. Opponents were the Burgraves of Drachenfels and their successors as well as the Waldbott von Bassenheim , who were legitimized in the second leg of the Burgraves' family due to the marriage of Otto Waldbott von Bassenheim († 1498). The Waldbott von Bassenheims owned the Gudenau Castle in Villip, from where they administered the neighboring judicial district of Villip (comprised of Holzem , Pech , Villip), which belonged to the Duchy of Jülich from 1546 .

From 1695 to 1794, the Drachenfelser Ländchen in the Electorate of Cologne was finally administered from Villip by the lords of the castle of Gudenau (the Waldbott von Bassenheims followed - again after an inheritance dispute - that of Vorst-Lombecks ). The basis was the purchased waiver of the inheritance claims of the Counts of Croy , who, through marriage, succeeded the lords of the Drachenfels .

In October 1794, French revolutionary troops conquered the areas on the left bank of the Rhine and in 1798 introduced the French administrative structures. The localities Berkum, Gimmersdorf, Ließem, Niederbachem, Oberbachem (with Kürrighoven), Pissenheim (today Werthhoven) and Züllighoven of the Drachenfelser Ländchen as well as the localities Holzem, Pech and Villip (with Villiprott) of the imperial rule Villip were combined to the French administrative unit Mairie . The ten independent villages formed the Mairie Villip . in the canton of Bonn external in the arrondissement de Bonn in the Rhine-Mosel department .

Designation of public institutions

  • Drachenfelser Ländchen family center
  • Community elementary school in Drachenfelser Ländchen

literature

  • Winfried Biesing: Drachenfelser Chronik: History of a mountain, its castle and its burgraves . Ed .: Norbert Kühn, Bruno P. Kremer. Rheinland-Verlag, Cologne 1980, ISBN 3-7927-0559-1 .
  • Bruno P. Kremer: The Drachenfelser Ländchen. Nature and landscape in the Rhein-Sieg district on the left bank of the Rhine . In: Rhein-Sieg-Kreis, the Oberkreisdirektor (Hrsg.): Yearbook of the Rhein-Sieg-Kreis 1989 . Rheinlandia, Siegburg 1988, ISBN 3-925551-08-5 , pp. 88-93.
  • Monika Gussone: The emergence of the Drachenfelser Ländchen . In: Norbert Kühn, Bruno P. Kremer (eds.): 600 years of the Drachenfelser Ländchen: Natural and cultural history . Forays through a cultural landscape. Rhenish Association for Monument Preservation and Landscape Protection , Cologne 2002, ISBN 3-88094-893-3 , p. 42 .
  • Frank Hüllen: The Burgraves of Drachenfels . In: Norbert Kühn, Bruno P. Kremer (ed.): 600 years of the Drachenfelser Ländchen . Forays into natural and cultural history. Rheinischer Verein für Denkmalpflege und Landschaftsschutz-Verlag, Cologne 2002, ISBN 3-88094-893-3 , p. 82-88 .
  • Bruno P. Kremer: The brooks of the Drachenfelser Ländchen. In: Association for Home Care and Local History Bad Godesberg e. V. (Ed.): Godesberger Heimatblätter. Issue 50 (= annual issue 2012 of the Association for Homeland Care and Local History Bad Godesberg eV ). Bonn 2012. ISSN  0436-1024 , pp. 193-204.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Landscape profile: 29201 Rhein-Ahr-Terrassen and Linzer Terrasse. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation , accessed on October 10, 2019 .
  2. ^ Federal Agency for Nature Conservation: Landscapes in Germany - map service
  3. ^ Wilhelm Fabricius : Explanations of the historical atlas of the Rhine province, 2nd volume: The map of 1789. Bonn 1898, p. 61.
  4. ^ A b Franz Müller: Life around the Wachtberg . A journey through time through 30,000 years of history in a Rhenish landscape. Wachtberg 1993, ISBN 3-925551-60-3 , pp. 174.277 .
  5. ↑ Monika Gussone: The emergence of the Drachenfelser Ländchen . In: Norbert Kühn, Bruno P. Kremer (eds.): 600 years of the Drachenfelser Ländchen: Natural and cultural history . Forays through a cultural landscape. Rhenish Association for Monument Preservation and Landscape Protection , Cologne 2002, ISBN 3-88094-893-3 , p. 42 .
  6. ↑ Frank Hüllen: The Burgraves of Drachenfels . In: Norbert Kühn, Bruno P. Kremer (ed.): 600 years of the Drachenfelser Ländchen . Forays into natural and cultural history. Rheinischer Verein für Denkmalpflege und Landschaftsschutz-Verlag, Cologne 2002, ISBN 3-88094-893-3 , p. 82-88 .
  7. ↑ a b Handbook for the country folk from the Rhine-Moselle Department for the year 1808, p. 16, 126 delibri Rhineland-Palatinate
  8. ↑ Community encyclopedia for the Kingdom of Prussia (PDF; 1.3 MB), Volume XII Provinz Rheinland, Verlag des Königlich Statistischen Bureaus (Ed.), 1888, page 134 ff
  9. ↑ Family Center Drachenfelser Ländchen ( Memento of the original from December 20, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.familienzentrum-wachtberg.de
  10. ^ Community elementary school in Drachenfelser Ländchen