Oberbachem

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Oberbachem
Municipality Wachtberg
Coordinates: 50 ° 38 ′ 13 ″  N , 7 ° 9 ′ 36 ″  E
Height : 140 m above sea level NHN
Residents : 1098  (Jul 31, 2018)
Incorporation : 1st August 1969
Postal code : 53343
Area code : 0228
Oberbachem (North Rhine-Westphalia)
Oberbachem

Location of Oberbachem in North Rhine-Westphalia
Oberbachem
Oberbachem

Oberbachem is a village in the municipality of Wachtberg in the Rhein-Sieg district in North Rhine-Westphalia , south of Bonn . The district of Kürrighoven belongs to Oberbachem . Oberbachem (with Kürrighoven) has 1,098 inhabitants.

Oberbachem, aerial photo (2015)

geography

The Oberbachem district is 360 hectares. The settlement area extends in the valleys and along the slopes of the Berkumer and Züllighovener Bach, which flow together in Oberbachem to the Mehlemer Bach . The border of the Oberbachem district in the southeast is also the state border between North Rhine-Westphalia and Rhineland-Palatinate . On the eastern boundary of the district is the Dächelsberg , which served as a quarry until 1968 and has been a nature reserve since 2002.

history

Territorial assignment

First documentary mention

The first known documented mention of the place name Bacheim comes from the Frankish period and is dated July 19, 798. The sale of a vineyard by Hirpingus to Abbot Liudger from Werden monastery was recorded .

The nucleus of the settlement history is a Fronhof (later name: Blankenheimer Fronhof ), to which a Marien-Kapelle, donated around the year 830, also belonged. Other settlements were grouped around the Fronhof: Ließem , Gimmersdorf , Kürrighoven and the then Hochheim . This settlement area later corresponded to the Roman Catholic parish of the Holy Three Kings .

The Fronhof and the associated estate were transferred to the Imperial Abbey of Prüm in 865 by a precarious contract and administered from there.

The first known documentary mention of Coruuingoua ( Kürrighoven ) dates to June 28, 856. It is a purchase contract for various properties in the counties of Bonn and Zülpich , which Counts Adalard and Matfrid transferred to the vassal Otbert .

10th to 14th centuries

The Lords of Blankenheim took over the administration of the Fronhof in Bacheim in the 13th century and became owners of the Fronhof in 1301 under Knight Gerhard IV von Blankenheim due to a forcible triangular deal: At the same time, these properties became under the sovereignty of Cologne Archbishop Wigbold and thus under him Jurisdiction. The archbishop, in turn, granted jurisdiction to the burgrave Heinrich von Drachenfels , who also held it for the neighboring electoral Cologne court districts up deme geuwe (comprised Berkum , Gimmersdorf, Kürrighoven, Ließem, Züllighoven ) and Pissenheim (today Werthhoven ). Gerhard IV. Retained the right of patronage for the Marien-Kirche am Fronhof.

As early as the 9th or 10th century, the canons of St. Gereon from Cologne founded a cloister in Bacheim downstream . The independence of the church built there, first mentioned in 1223, was also documented in 1301. From 1301 onwards, the distinction between two districts, later referred to as Niederbachem and Oberbachem , was finally sealed. The Counts of Blankenheim and their successors, the Counts of Manderscheid – Blankenheim and von Sternberg – Manderscheid, remained in the possession of the Blankenheim Fronhof until the end of the 18th century.

Based on the three equally administered judicial districts, the Oberbachem district together with the neighboring villages of Berkum, Gimmersdorf, Ließem, Niederbachem, Pissenheim and Züllighoven were later referred to as the Drachenfelser Ländchen . It was a subordinate rule to the Office of Godesberg-Mehlem in the Upper Office of Bonn.

15th to 18th century

From 1453 the Drachenfelser Ländchen and with it Oberbachem was the subject of a generation dispute over the administrative responsibility. The cause was an inheritance agreement, according to which the income from the Drachenfelser Ländchen was divided equally between two lineages of the Drachenfels . Opponents were the Burgraves of Drachenfels and their successors as well as the Waldbotts of Bassenheim , who were legitimized in the second leg of the Burgraves' family due to the marriage of Otto Waldbott von Bassenheim († 1498). The Waldbott von Bassenheims owned the Gudenau Castle in Villip , from where they administered the neighboring judicial district of Villip (comprised of Holzem , Pech , Villip), which belonged to the Duchy of Jülich from 1546 .

Around 1561 the population of the Drachenfelser Ländchen opposed the massive coercion of Otto Waldbott von Bassenheim the Elder. J. († 1583). He had commanded the population in front of the Oberbachem cemetery so that they would confirm him as the sole administrator of the Drachenfelser Ländchen. From 1695 to 1794, the Drachenfelser Ländchen in the Electorate of Cologne was finally administered from Villip by the lords of the castle of Gudenau ( the von Vorst – Lombecks followed the Waldbott von Bassenheims ). The basis was the purchased waiver of the inheritance claims of the Counts of Croy , who, through marriage, succeeded the lords of the Drachenfels .

19th and 20th centuries

After the French occupied the areas on the left bank of the Rhine , they merged the villages of the Drachenfelser Ländchen and those of the imperial rule of Villip in 1798 to form Mairie Villip in the canton of Bonn . In 1816 the Prussians took over the municipal division of the French; Oberbachem with the hamlet of Kürrighoven was part of the Villip mayor's office , which was renamed Amt Villip in 1927 . The law on the municipal reorganization of the Bonn area ( Bonn law ) made the independent municipality of Oberbachem (with Kürrighoven) one of 13 districts of the newly founded municipality of Wachtberg on August 1, 1969.

Origin of the settlement history of Kürrighoven

The history of the settlement of Kürrighoven is shaped by three monastery courtyards:

  • Initiated by Archbishop Friedrich of Cologne , the nunnery on Nonnenwerth acquired the Werther Hof in 1126 , which remained in its possession until secularization at the beginning of the 19th century and is now a listed building (No. 88 of the Wachtberg monument list ).
  • The Kapitelshof was first mentioned in 1131 and was bequeathed to the Cassius monastery in Bonn in 1141 . The yard was demolished in the middle of the 20th century.
  • In 1408 the nun Bela de Winterscheid donated a farm to the Marienforst monastery in Godesberg . This farm in Kürrighoven is known as Marienforster Hof or Gudenauer Hof and still exists today.

There were also other courtyards assigned to the monastery courtyards.

Ore mining

In the 19th and early 20th centuries, Oberbachem was shaped by mining . The most famous mine was the Laura mine , which was lent for zinc, lead and copper ore. The mine extended several hundred meters under the fields around today's riding arena. The shafts went down to a depth of 170 meters. At the beginning of the 20th century, more than 250 people found work underground and in ore processing. In 1909, operations were finally stopped due to the dwindling ore deposits. The mine operators were among others Abraham Bleibtreu as well as Alfred and Carl Mannesmann .

Attractions

The Church of the Three Kings is a classical hall church and was built in 1790 as a replacement for a centuries-old, dilapidated church. The baroque organ comes from the organ builder Mauritz Hermann Böntrup from Vreden , who built it in 1710 for the local St. George's Church. The parish of Oberbachem acquired the organ in 1850. The instrument has around 1,350 pipes. It is the oldest still preserved two-manual organ in the Bonn / Rhein-Sieg region. The church was until December 31, 2009 the Catholic parish church of the parish of the Holy Three Kings Oberbachem , to which the villages of Gimmersdorf and Ließem also belonged. Since 2010 it has been a branch church of the parish of St. Marien Wachtberg .

The Scholastika chapel in the district of Kürrighoven is a quarry stone chapel built in 1730 by the Nonnenwerth Benedictine monastery .

Oberbachem is located on the former Essig - Mehlemer Bezirksstrasse , which was built between 1854 and 1857 and which today corresponds in large parts to state road 123 . A sandstone milestone in Oberbachem marks the beginning of the third Prussian mile towards Mehlem.

In Oberbachem there are other listed buildings from the 18th and 19th centuries.

The Fire Route themed hiking trail , which was opened in 2015, runs through Oberbachem , as does the Wasserburg-Route cycle path and the Mittelland-Route (D4) and pilgrim route (D7) long-distance cycle paths . From an observation tower you can look into the disused basalt quarry in the Dächelsberg . The rock layers and the volcanic vent are clearly visible.

Population development

The first noticeable increase in the population was recorded around the turn of the century, in particular due to the operation of the Laura mine . During this time, in addition to Oberbachem and Kürrighoven (Kürrh.), The living space Grube Laura (GL) was also given in the statistics . There has been significant population growth since the 1960s, after Bonn had established itself as the federal capital .

Population from 1816 to 2014
year Residents of which in Kürrh. Houses of which in Kürrh.
1816 203 126
1828 219 136
1837 217
1852 232
1871 242 153 54 33
1885 313 163 + 6 (GL) 69 40 + 1 (GL)
1895 302
1905 407 223 + 3 (GL) 63 40 + 1 (GL)
1925 305
year Residents
1935 340
1946 435
1960 485
1969 636
1979 880
1989 929
1999 1100
2009 1197
2014 1097

Personalities

  • Abraham Bleibtreu (1775–1852), entrepreneur and brother of Leopold Bleibtreu , a. a. Owner and operator of the ore mine
  • Paul von Franken (1818–1884), painter, born in Oberbachem
  • Gerhard Keller (* February 2, 1905; † July 1, 1984), art teacher at the Amos-Comenius-Gymnasium Bonn and painter, lived in Oberbachem.
  • Ruth Keller, retired teacher at the Amos-Comenius-Gymnasium Bonn and author, lives in Oberbachem.
  • Gustav-Adolf Kuntzen (1907–1998), Lieutenant General, Deputy Inspector General of the Bundeswehr (1964–1967), lived in Oberbachem.
  • Michael Klevenhaus (* 1961), actor, musician, author, cultural scientist, grew up in Oberbachem.
  • Alfred Mannesmann (1859–1944), entrepreneur, a. a. Operator of the mine Laura , lived in Oberbachem (former residential area “mine Laura”).
  • Carl Mannesmann (1861–1950), operator of the Laura mine
  • Günter Riße (* 1954), Roman Catholic theologian, deacon and director of the Archbishop's Diaconal Institute in Cologne, lived in Oberbachem.
  • Paul Rondholz (1880–1967), Catholic pastor in Oberbachem from 1914 to 1920.

societies

  • Association for Customs and Local Beautification Oberbachem e. V.
  • The riding area of ​​the riding and driving club Oberbachem e. V. is located on the site of the former Laura mine. The association founded in 1929 directs u. a. Every year at Whitsun, a supraregional horse show with jumping and dressage competitions in higher S classes.
  • The Laienspiel-Kreis Oberbachem e. V. always performs a play in Bachem dialect during Lent in the Oberbachem village hall. Bachemer Platt is a Ripuarian dialect .

literature

  • Franz Müller: Life around the Wachtberg. A journey through time through 30,000 years of history in a Rhenish landscape. Wachtberg 1993.
  • Parish of the Holy Three Kings: Chronicle of the parish of the Holy Three Kings Oberbachem with Gimmersdorf, Ließem, Kürrighoven. Loose-leaf chronicle. 1984-1991.
  • Association for Customs and Local Beautification Oberbachem e. V. (Ed.): June 28, 856 Coruuingoua / Kürrighoven June 28, 2006 . 2006, p. 119 ( Festschrift ).
  • Association for Customs and Local Beautification Oberbachem e. V .: Villa Bacheim exsistens prior ex bis sex saecvlis indicta. 1998.

Web links

Commons : District Oberbachem  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Population figures for the municipality of Wachtberg (as of July 31, 2018)
  2. ^ Wilhelm Fabricius : Explanations of the historical atlas of the Rhine province, 2nd volume: The map of 1789. Bonn 1898, p. 61.
  3. ↑ Ordinance on the Dächelsberg / Ließemer Berg nature reserve, municipality of Wachtberg, Rhein-Sieg-Kreis dated November 11, 2002 ( memento of the original dated October 26, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.rhein-sieg-kreis.de
  4. ↑ Theod. Jos. Lacomblet (ed.): Urkendenbuch for the history of the Lower Rhine . tape 1 , no. 10 . Düsseldorf 1840, p. 7 ( books.google.de ).
  5. ^ Hermann – Josef Frings, Walter Schanzen: Bacheim's birth certificate . In: Association for Customs and Local Beautification Oberbachem e. V. (Ed.): Villa Bacheim exsistens prior ex bis sex saecvlis indicta . Wachtberg 1998, p. 5 f .
  6. ↑ a b c Franz Müller: The Oberbachmer parish church from its beginnings in the 9th century to the new building in 1790 . In: Parish of the Holy Three Kings (Hrsg.): Chronicle of the parish of the Holy Three Kings Oberbachem with Gimmersdorf, Ließem, Kürrighoven . Loose-leaf chronicle, 1984–1991. Wachtberg, S. 1-20 .
  7. ↑ a b c d Franz Müller: Life around the Wachtberg . A journey through time through 30,000 years of history in a Rhenish landscape. Wachtberg 1993, ISBN 3-925551-60-3 , pp. 149-155, 184-196, 205-206, 208-213, 216-217 .
  8. ^ Walter Schanzen: On the document of June 28, 856 . In: Association for Customs and Local Beautification Oberbachem e. V (Ed.): June 28, 856 Coruuingoua / Kürrighoven June 28, 2006 . Wachtberg 2006, p. 8–9 ( Festschrift ).
  9. ↑ Monika Gussone: The emergence of the Drachenfelser Ländchen . In: Norbert Kühn, Bruno P. Kremer (eds.): 600 years of the Drachenfelser Ländchen: Natural and cultural history . Forays through a cultural landscape. Rhenish Association for Monument Preservation and Landscape Protection , Cologne 2002, ISBN 978-3-88094-893-8 , p. 42 .
  10. ↑ Frank Hüllen: The Burgraves of Drachenfels . In: Norbert Kühn, Bruno P. Kremer (ed.): 600 years of the Drachenfelser Ländchen . Forays into natural and cultural history. Rheinischer Verein für Denkmalpflege und Landschaftsschutz- Verlag, Cologne 2002, ISBN 3-88094-893-3 , p. 82-88 .
  11. ↑ Handbook for the Country People from the Rhine-Mosel Department , 1808, p. 126 ( www.dilibri.de )
  12. ↑ Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe, State Office for Archive Maintenance: Archive Maintenance in Westphalia and Lippe , page 4
  13. ↑ Martin Bünermann: The communities of the first reorganization program in North Rhine-Westphalia . Deutscher Gemeindeverlag, Cologne 1970, p. 83 .
  14. ^ Alfred Schneider: History of the Kürrighovener monastery estates . In: Association for Customs and Local Beautification Oberbachem e. V (Ed.): June 28, 856 Coruuingoua / Kürrighoven June 28, 2006 . Wachtberg 2006, p. 11–30 ( Festschrift ).
  15. ↑ Report on the Open Monument Day 2012
  16. ^ Official Journal of the Archdiocese of Cologne, Item 1, January 1, 2010, No. 37
  17. ↑ Architecture Day : Fire Route in the Rhineland Nature Park , accessed on April 9, 2017
  18. ↑ Geological Service NRW : Soils made of volcanic rock, No. 8
  19. ↑ Information 1816–1960: Paul Giersberg: The population development since 1816 . In: Association for Customs and Local Beautification Oberbachem e. V (Ed.): Villa Bacheim exsistens prior ex bis sex saecvlis indicta . Wachtberg 1998, p. 33-36 . , Information 1969–2009: Wachtberg municipality statistical information 2013 (PDF).
  20. ^ Project Germans in Georgia of the Goethe Institute
  21. ^ Wachtberg community. Retrieved on December 16, 2014 ( Memento from December 16, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  22. ^ Wachtberg community. Retrieved December 16, 2014.
  23. ^ Association for Customs and Local Beautification Oberbachem e. V
  24. ↑ Riding and Driving Association Oberbachem e. V.
  25. ^ Laienspiel-Kreis Oberbachem e. V.
  26. ↑ Martin Fuß: Bachemer Platt . A documentation of the dialect of Niederbachem and Oberbachem. With 24 voice recordings on one CD. Ed .: Office for Rhenish Regional Studies . Schmidt, Bonn / Siegburg 2001, ISBN 3-87710-320-0 .