Burgstall Steinhaus (Berolzheim Market)

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Burgstall stone house
Creation time : 11th or 12th century
Castle type : Niederungsburg, moth
Conservation status: Castle stable, tower hill with rampart and moat preserved
Standing position : Ministerial Headquarters
Place: Market Berolzheim - "The Goppel"
Geographical location 49 ° 0 '11.1 "  N , 10 ° 49' 53.1"  E Coordinates: 49 ° 0 '11.1 "  N , 10 ° 49' 53.1"  E
Height: 470  m above sea level NN
Burgstall Steinhaus (Bavaria)
Burgstall stone house

The Postal stone house is the residue of a dialed high medieval motte (moth), which rose in a humid basin at the foot of a mountain slope, and from the remains of a Roman villa rustica was built. The Burgstall is located 1170 meters south-southwest of the center of the municipality of Markt Berolzheim in the district of Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen in Bavaria , Germany . The small tower hill castle was one of three noble residences of the Berolzheim local nobility. Of the object, which is protected as a ground monument, only the tower hill with rampart and moat remains.

history

The so-called stone house, a tower hill castle with a water-filled moat, was probably built by the local nobility of Berolzheim during the 11th or 12th century, possibly as early as the 10th century. The lords of Berolzheim at the time, which at that time still consisted of the two districts Bratting and Benzing, were possibly the Counts of Calatin. It was probably the first local castle of the Berolzheimers, later they built the Upper and Lower Castle . Both were also moated castles that were later expanded into palaces .

The Lords of Berolzheim first appeared in 1170 with "Kuonradus de [= von] beroldesheim" in a document , they probably first sat on the stone house outside the village and moved their seat to the moated castles within the village during the 12th or 13th century . Very little reliable information is known about the castle; at a later time it was owned by the Knights von Willich, who at that time also owned the Lower Castle in Berolzheim. In 1387, according to a document, the complex went to the Knights of Frick, then to the Lords of Lentersheim, who also owned both castles in the village.

The castle was destroyed in the Thirty Years' War , until then two buildings "approximately 17 by 17 meters in size" are said to have been on the tower hill, at that time they served as a forester's house .

description

The small two-part castle stable consists of a rectangular tower hill, which extends from the southeast to the northwest, and a front bailey in the northwest . The hill measures about 35 by 30 meters, the northwestern part is a little lower and drops over a stepped terrain. It is surrounded by a ditch that ran around it and was previously filled with water . This trench is up to six meters deep and a maximum of 15 meters wide from the hill. A small stream flows through the ditch from the south. The brook branches in the southern part of the moat, with the part flowing to the west running through the moat and leaving it roughly at the northern tip. It then flows along the northeast side of the outer bailey. The east-flowing branch of the stream is dammed in the northeastern moat area by a dam, which may have been the earlier access to the tower hill. An outer wall extends around the ditch up to the southern tip, which measures 50 by 60 meters on its outer edge. In front of the north-western narrow side of the outer wall there is another square remnant around the site of a presumed outer bailey. It is only preserved on two sides, the northeast side is completely missing.

literature

  • Ingrid Burger-Segl, Walter E. Keller: Archaeological Hikes, Volume 3: Middle Altmühltal and Franconian Lake District . Verlag Walter E. Keller, Treuchtlingen 1993, ISBN 3-924828-58-X , pp. 72-74.
  • Konrad Spindler (edit.): Guide to archaeological monuments in Germany, Volume 14: Weissenburg-Gunzenhausen district - Archeology and history . Konrad Theiss Verlag , Stuttgart 1987, ISBN 3-8062-0493-4 , pp. 224-225.

References and comments

  1. ↑ a b c d Konrad Spindler (edit.): Guide to archaeological monuments in Germany, Volume 14: Landkreis Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen - Archeology and History , p. 224 f.
  2. ↑ a b Ingrid Burger-Segl, Walter E. Keller: Archaeological Hikes, Volume 3: Middle Altmühltal and Franconian Lake District , p. 72 ff.
  3. ^ According to an information board on May 14, 1632
  4. ↑ According to the information board, the forester's house was owned by the Counts of Pappenheim