Lunkenburg

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Lunkenburg
Burgstall Lunkenburg - tower hill from the northeast

Burgstall Lunkenburg - tower hill from the northeast

Creation time : probably 11th or 12th century
Castle type : Niederungsburg, moth
Conservation status: Burgstall, semicircular moat and ramparts can still be seen
Standing position : Nobles in the service of the Counts of Oettingen
Place: Meinheim - Wolfsbronn
Geographical location 49 ° 0 '44.2 "  N , 10 ° 47' 14.3"  E Coordinates: 49 ° 0 '44.2 "  N , 10 ° 47' 14.3"  E
Height: 510.2  m above sea level NN
Lunkenburg (Bavaria)
Lunkenburg

The Lunkenburg is an Outbound medieval motte (moth) Wolf Bronner valley at today My Heimer district Wolfsbronn on the eastern edge of the Hahnenkamm in the Middle Franconian district of Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen .

Geographical location

The castle complex (tower hill castle including outer bailey ) was located southwest of Wolfsbronn directly on an old road to the ascent to the Hahnenkamm.

history

According to Hellmut Kunstmann , fortifications with the designation "-burg" date from pre-Carolingian times. As hill towers were not built until the 11th century, Siglinde Buchner assumes that the name was transferred from an older fortification, namely from the Buschl stables on the Dürrnberg, which is also in the Wolfsbronn corridor . Lunkenburg can have been formed with the personal name "Lunko", or according to the oldest traditional spelling "Lunggenburg", it can go back to a field name "Lunge / Lunke" in the sense of black and gray soil. With the Lunkenburg, the Counts of Oettingen are likely to have demarcated their territory from the Bishops of Eichstätt . These in turn demarcated their zone of power from the Counts of Oetting with the Ministerialenburg on the nearby Dürrenberg , which was used around 1100/1150 and which has also been removed .

Siglinde Buchner believes that the resident is free farmers who provide security and weapons duty. The castle, which probably only consisted of a tower-like building on a heaped hill area of ​​12 by 12 meters, was protected together with the outer bailey by ditches and ramparts that are still around three meters high today. It is first mentioned in a document in 1347, where it says: "Mettel Willing sat in the Lunggenburg"; the Willinge were vassals of the Counts of Truhendingen . In 1370 the castle was named in a fief book of the Counts of Oettingen as "Longgenburg", which a certain "Ramung von Mayingen" had as a fief.

On December 6th, 1400, the Heidenheim Monastery under Abbot Ulrich von Mittelburg bought the property, already known as the Burgstall , from the heirs of Romigo von Maihingen the boy, who was probably married to a daughter of Ramung. In 1406, co-heirs renounced in favor of the monastery, which became the sole owner of the destroyed tower hill castle and its members with all income and rights.

The statements of local historians that the "Lunggenpurg" was destroyed by Jörg Gumppenberg in 1420 in the course of a feud between the Margrave Friedrich von Brandenburg-Ansbach and the Bavarian Duke Ludwig the Bearded is refuted by Buchner by the designation "Burgstall" in the deed of 1400. Rather, the destruction of 1420 is likely to have applied to the still intact surrounding buildings including the outer bailey.

The Heidenheim abbot Wilhelm von Vestenberg (1427–1446) had the outer bailey rebuilt by a master Erhart and fortified with a surrounding wall. The farmer who ran the court in the outer bailey was called "Lunggenmann" in 1448. In the vicinity the monastery ran fish farming with the “Lunkenweiher” ( carp and pike ; mentioned in 1432). In 1451 the court yard of the outer bailey appears in the Salbuch of the Heidenheim monastery. As a result of the peasant wars of the 16th century, the area came to the margraves of Brandenburg-Ansbach; they let the last walls drag down.

The Burgstall appears today as a hill surrounded by a square moat and ramparts. To the north is an approximately triangular outer bailey , it was about 70 meters in length. The area of ​​the main castle is now densely forested, the area of ​​the outer castle is used for agriculture. There is no sign for the Burgstall, which is located directly on the WUG 34 district road.

literature

  • Annual report of the historical association in the Rezat district , Volume 4, Nuremberg 1833, p. 58.
  • Oskar Maurer: The Lungenburg (Lunkenburg) and the Burgstall near Wolfsbronn . In: Gunzenhäuser Heimatbote , Volume VII, 45, 1954, pp. 178-179.
  • Heinrich Marzell: About the name "Lunkenburg" and "Lunkenberg" . In: Gunzenhäuser Heimatbote , Volume VII, 45, 1954, p. 179.
  • Georg Herbolzheimer: Wolfsbronn community . In: Landkreis Gunzenhausen , 1966, pp. 262–263.
  • Monuments in Bavaria. Vol. V Middle Franconia. 1986, p. 516.
  • Fritz-Rudolf Herrmann: Burgstall Lunkenburg . In: Konrad Spindler (edit.): Guide to archaeological monuments in Germany, Volume 15: Weissenburg-Gunzenhausen district - monuments and sites . Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 1987, ISBN 3-8062-0504-3 , pp. 251-252.
  • Siglinde Buchner: Wolfsbronn - Lunkenburg. History of the castles, hamlets and mills in the Wolfsbronn valley up to the peasant war . Self-published, approx. 1990.
  • Martin Winter: Lunkenburg and Burgstall near Wolfsbronn . In: Alt-Gunzenhausen. Contributions to the history of the city and its surroundings , issue 51/1996, pp. 10–16.
  • 1250 years Heidenheim am Hahnenkamm. Heidenheim: Historischer Verein 2002, pp. 100, 221 (Lunkenweiher) and 387.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Monuments in Bavaria. Volume V Middle Franconia, p. 516
  2. ↑ Herbolzheimer, p. 263
  3. ↑ Hellmut Kunstmann: Man and Castle - Castle historical considerations on East Franconian fortifications . 2nd supplemented edition. Commission publisher Degener & Co, Neustadt an der Aisch 1985, p. 2.
  4. ↑ Buchner, pp. 1, 2, 4, 7, 31
  5. ↑ Marzell, p. 179
  6. ↑ Winter, p. 14
  7. ↑ Buchner, p. 39 f.
  8. ↑ [1]
  9. ↑ Monuments in Bavaria, p. 516; Buchner, p. 36
  10. ↑ Buchner, p. 41; Maurer, p. 178
  11. ↑ Maurer, p. 178
  12. ↑ Buchner, pp. 14, 42
  13. ↑ Herbolzheimer, p. 263
  14. ↑ Buchner, pp. 41, 47
  15. ↑ Buchner, pp. 43f., 52
  16. ^ So Maurer, p. 178
  17. ↑ Buchner, p. 58
  18. ↑ Buchner, p. 59
  19. ↑ [2]
  20. ↑ Buchner, p. 63