Burkard Waldis

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Burkard Waldis (* around 1490 in Allendorf ; † 1556 in Abterode ), contemporary Burcard Waldis , was a German fabulous poet , playwright , tin caster , Franciscan , and carnival author . In addition to fables, he also wrote the carnival play The Prodigal Son .

Life

origin

Waldis is an origin name. The village his family came from is Wahlhausen am Waldisbach in Eichsfeld . The family belonged to the patrician family of Allendorf and was a member of the pancake . The participation in the salt production and in the salt trade ensured the family's livelihood. Father Hermann Waldis was a council member in Allendorf and in 1512 a treasurer . He is also mentioned as a pan maker , tin caster and hospital guardian. Burkard Waldis grew up with four brothers. He probably learned the trade of pewter from his father in Allendorf.

Franciscans in Riga and a trip to Rome

Waldis became a Franciscan in Riga in 1522 . In 1523 Archbishop Jasper Linde , accompanied by Antonius Boemhover and Augustin Ulfelt, sent him to Emperor Charles V in Rome and asked for support against the growing Reformation in Livonia . The ambassadors should have a decree from Emperor Charles V and the successor to Pope Hadrian VI. , Pope Clement VII. , Received against the reformatory efforts. As can be seen from his works, his journey took him via Nuremberg , Schwabach , Lechfeld near Augsburg and Landsberg am Lech to Rome. Burkard Waldis did not receive the papal breve , he was only referred to Cardinal Campeggio . He returned to Riga without success.

First imprisonment, tin caster and conversion to Protestantism

Burkhard Waldis decided not to remain a Franciscan any longer. He then came in 1524 in Riga by the Protestants in the prison . Waldis left the Catholic clergy, converted to Protestantism and settled in Riga as a pewter with his own workshop and pewter brand. He also became a coin appraiser for the Riga City Council. For the governor of the Teutonic Order , Wolter von Plettenberg , he wrote an extensive memorandum on the gold standard. As a tin caster, he went on extensive trade trips. These led him u. a. to Antwerp , Worms , Mainz , Breslau and Lisbon . On February 12, 1527 in the Fastnachtszeit his parable from the lost son premiered. Burkard Waldis marries the widow Barbara Schulthe from Königsberg . The marriage was unhappy.

Second imprisonment

City Syndic Lohmüller ran a Livonian confederation in 1532, the aim of which was to secularize the Archbishopric of Riga under a Coadjuto of Wilhelm von Brandenburg . This project failed and caused Lohmüller to flee to Königsberg. In 1526, Burkard Waldis was arrested for delivering secret messages for Lohmüller to Königsberg. From 1536 to 1540 he was again imprisoned for " heretical activities" against the Teutonic Order . Burkhard Waldis was imprisoned for three years and subjected to torture in order to extort confessions. His brothers asked Landgrave Philipp the Magnanimous for mediation, which he initially refused. Two of his brothers went to Livonia to help him. On May 4, 1540, Landgrave Philipp the Magnanimous wrote again to the Masters in Riga at the request of the brothers. The massive efforts were successful and Burkard Waldis was released from dungeon on July 21, 1540.

Studied theology in Wittenberg

Weak health and broken from the torture he had suffered, Waldis returned to his Hessian homeland in Allendorf. In 1541/42 he studied theology in Wittenberg and heard Luther's lectures. He then became chaplain to Landgrave Philip the Magnanimous in the Schmalkaldic War .

Pastor in Hofgeismar and Abterode

In 1543/44 he was a deacon in Hofgeismar and after the death of Johannes Westermann he was the administrator of the local pastorate. In 1544 he took over the pastor's office and the associated provost office in Abterode in Northern Hesse. In 1556 he suffered a stroke and died as a result.

Works

His carnival play The Parable of the Prodigal Son , which was performed in Riga in 1527, is one of the earliest and most important achievements of the Reformation play . Waldis' most important work was the extensive collection of fables Esopus. Completely redesigned and set in rhymes , which appeared in 1548 and had a great effect on contemporary poets and writers of the Early Enlightenment such as Hagedorn and Gellert .

  • De parabell vam vorlorn Szohn , 1527
  • Controversial poem against Duke Heinrich von Braunschweig ... , 1542
  • Duke Heinrich von Braunschweig's Lamentation , 1542
  • How the Lykaon von Wolfenbüttel recently turned into a monk , 1542
  • True History of Two Mice , 1543
  • Origins and origins of the first twelve ancient kings and princes of the German nation , 1543
  • the brand new made and rhymed Esopus , 1548
  • The Psalter was brought into a new way of singing , 1553
  • Deeds of the scatterable Theuerdank , 1553
  • Regnum papisticum . (Translation of the work by Thomas Naogeorg ), 1555
  • Summaries about the whole Bible . (Translation of the work by Rudolf Gualtherus ), 1556

He has also written hymns , for example in the 5th edition of Martin Bucer's hymn book (Strasbourg 1566) there are 12 songs identified as "Burkh. Waldis".

Research history

An important biography of Waldis comes from Gustav Milchsack . In the 20th century, five doctorates on Burkard Waldis were made in Germany: 1907, 1910, 1911, 1922 and 1995. A research project at the University of Kiel deals with the Esopus of Burkard Waldis.

literature

Web links

Wikiquote: Burkard Waldis  - Quotes

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See archived copy ( memento of the original dated August 12, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.fzwissen.uni-kiel.de


personal data
SURNAME Waldis, Burkard
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Waldis, Burcard
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German fabulous poet, playwright and carnival author
DATE OF BIRTH around 1490
PLACE OF BIRTH Allendorf , Hesse
DATE OF DEATH 1556
Place of death Abterode