Time series of air temperature in Germany
The time series of the air temperature in Germany shows the monthly mean values of the air temperature close to the ground in Germany . The time series covers the period from 1761 for which direct temperature measurements are available. Longer term descriptions of the climate history based on reconstruction method of palaeoclimatology with which data rows of so-called climate archives ( proxy data ) are derived.
The temperatures are combined into monthly , seasonal and annual mean values. At the beginning of the list are the average and extreme values for the entire measurement period. The year in which they occurred is given for the extreme values. The measured values then follow in sections of ten years each (decades) with the corresponding 10-year mean. Further lists contain 30-year periods and 10-year periods for the entire period.
History of atmospheric observations
After the invention of the first instruments for measuring temperature and air pressure in the 17th century, it took another 100 years to set up the first weather stations. The Societas Meteorologica Palatina , founded in Mannheim, operated its first Europe-wide measuring network in the period 1781-1792, but then stopped its activities. However , the observations were continued at some stations, for example at the location of today's Meteorological Observatory Hohenpeißenberg . At that time there were only around 60 stations for atmospheric observations worldwide.
It took another 100 years until the first comprehensive network of measuring stations in the North German Confederation was set up in 1868 from the North German Maritime Weather Station in Hamburg. Weather data gained increasing interest from the navy. In 1876 the Hamburg waiting room was nationalized and renamed the Reichsanstalt " Deutsche Seewarte ". During this time, the focus was on the creation of weather stations in Schleswig-Holstein and along the coastal regions.
In 1934 the network of weather stations was taken over by the State Weather Service RfW (Reich Ministry of Aviation), and in 1952 by the German Weather Service DWD (in the division of the Federal Ministry of Transport; today: Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure ). The DWD operates the national climate database and also manages the observations made by the predecessor organizations there. Since not all historical observations are available in digital form even today, the German Weather Service is continuously working on digitizing the historical archives, so that an improvement in the data basis can also be expected for the past. Since the 1980s, government measurements have also been supplemented by networks of private stations.
Determination of the mean values
The mean values are determined by the respective weather stations from the daily mean value and the total number of days in the respective month. Apart from the early years of the series of measurements, the temperature was uniformly measured at a height of two meters above ground in the English hut made of wood . The Englische Hütte is a white painted box at the measuring height, which is provided with slots for air circulation. Since the introduction of electrical resistance thermometers ( platinum measuring resistor Pt 100), the temperature in DWD weather huts made of aluminum and later made of plastic has been measured (e.g. lamella shelter LAM630).
The determination of the daily average temperature was not always uniform in the observation period, but is almost always based on the calculation with the Mannheim hours . For this purpose, the temperature is determined at the observation times at 7 a.m., 2 p.m. and 9 p.m. local time. These measured values are added , with the 9 o'clock value entering the calculation twice and divided by four. Since April 1, 2001, the daily mean temperature has been determined from 24-hour rates.
- Temperature measurements earlier:
- Mercury / alcohol measuring probe = glass thermometer, hourly value - respective reading around H - 30 minutes
- Daily mean temperature from the Mannheim hourly values: 07:30, 14:30 and 2 times 21:30 divided by 4
- The daily extreme temperatures (minimum / maximum) were read on the glass thermometer at 9:30 p.m.
- Temperature measurements today:
- Pt 100 measuring sensor (electronic)
- The temperature is measured with two measuring sensors for mutual control, a value is formed every second and averaged over one minute ("minute average")
- The daily mean temperature is formed from 24 values, each at H - 10 minutes (e.g. 8:50 a.m. for 9 a.m.)
- The extreme temperatures are calculated from the minute mean values between midnight and midnight (UTC). (corrected after)
The German Weather Service compares traditional and current measurement technology at its climate reference stations. In this context, the methods of calculating the mean value were compared. This shows that both the change in the measurement technology and the change in the calculation rules only have a minor impact on the measurement series.
The mean values of the seasons relate to the meteorological seasons . In contrast to the calendar seasons, winter includes all of December, January and February. The Spring includes the months of March, April and May. The months of June, July and August are part of the summer . The fall includes September, October and November. This division of the seasons comes closer to the annual temperature conditions than the calendar seasons.
The German Weather Service calculates the annual values by arithmetic averaging of the monthly values. With this procedure he follows the recommendations of the World Meteorological Organization .
Data sets used
The time series of the air temperature is based on different data sets that have been combined into a long time series. For the period from 1761 to today, only previously homogenized time series of the individual stations were used as a data source. This time series of the individual months, seasons and annual mean values is available as a deviation of the time series from 1761 to 1996 to the mean value of the CLINO period 1961 to 1990. The values from 1761 to 1880 are based on the BAUR temperature series. They were available for the DWD publication as deviations from the 210-year mean for the period 1761 to 1970, were converted into absolute values and given as deviations from the DWD regional mean for the period 1961 to 1990. From 1881 on, temperature series based on the area mean were used. These were also given as deviations from the DWD regional mean for the period 1961 to 1990. The temperature series from 1985 to 1999 based on grid data is also available as a series of relative values to the mean value from 1961 to 1990 and from 1997 also in absolute values. Up until 1996 the deviations in this list were converted into absolute values and supplemented by the monthly publications of the German Weather Service.
Baur's temperature series for Central Europe
In 1975 Franz Baur created a temperature series with the mean values of initially three and later four stations. This initially extended from 1761 to 1975 and was supplemented in 1996 and 2006. The 210-year average temperature (1761–1970) according to F. Baur is 8.9 ° C. Baur's temperature series has been extended to the current decade at the University of Cologne.
For the years 1761 to 1775, an arithmetic mean was calculated from the temperature values of the three weather stations, Utrecht / De Bilt ( Netherlands ), Berlin / Potsdam ( Germany ) and Basel ( Switzerland ) . From 1776 the weather station Vienna - Hohe Warte ( Austria ) was taken into account, for which no data was previously available.
Baur's temperature series relates to temperature conditions in Central Europe . But it also reflects the conditions for Germany very well, since Germany is centrally located in the square of the stations mentioned. Baur's series up to and including 1880 is used for the time series given here. It should be noted that the original values from Baur were not used, but that they were homogenized to the German regional mean (1961–1990). The determined absolute values are therefore lower than the original values from Baur.
Regional resources from selected stations
From 1881 so-called area means are available for the German area - an average value of the air temperature close to the ground for the area means of Germany. This is only possible from around 1880, since from this period the number of reliable station rows is large enough for the formation of the area resources. From this period onwards, the first measuring networks in the individual countries of Germany and thus the standardization of the measuring regulations. For this purpose, 31 weather stations were initially used and from 1951 onwards 75 weather stations with the associated homogeneous time series were used.
In the first step, monthly mean values were formed for each of these weather stations and then interpolated on the basis of an equidistant 0.25 ° × 0.25 ° grid point system . The kriging method was used for this method. A total of 789 grid points were taken into account, all of which are located within Germany. In a further analysis step, spatial arithmetic averaging was carried out for the 789 grid point time series. After this averaging of the monthly, seasonal and annual values, the area average of the air temperature was created as a time series of deviations from the period 1961 to 1990 for Germany.
Area means from raster data
From 1985 even more precise area mean values flowed into the series, which are calculated by the German Weather Service on the basis of a larger number of stations and a grid method. These grid data are available from 1881. The raster data are generated with a spatial resolution of one by one kilometer in the Gauß-Krüger coordinate system and contain 654 × 866 raster elements. All digitally available stations with monthly mean values from the DWD's climate database are used as the starting material for calculating the temperature fields. This number of stations fluctuates over the evaluation period. The German Weather Service calculates regional mean values for Germany and the German federal states from the grid data. The German Weather Service uses the time series of these area mean values as the basis for its own evaluations of the temperature development in Germany. Grid data and area averages are regularly updated and published by the German Weather Service. The German Climate Atlas contains graphic preparations of the grid maps and time series.
This data set currently represents the most precise temperature series for Germany. The correlation between the area mean and the raster data is so high that they can be regarded as almost identical.
Accuracy of the temperature series
The great advantage of this temperature series is that only previously homogenized station time series are used for the database. As a result, the quality is greater than that of a set of individual time series. The temperature development can thus be better estimated because the temperature series is based on uniform values.
Baur's series
An analysis of the Baur series between 1891 and 1996 with the available regional means for Germany reveals an error range of −0.2 ° C to +0.6 ° C in the extremes. The Baur range mainly fluctuates by only ± 0.1 ° C around the central range. The curve shows a slightly fluctuating course. It initially begins parallel to the regional mean, and then increases slightly compared to this until 1920. The series then remained at this slightly increased level until the 1950s. From then on, both series are almost identical until the Baur series fell slightly below the regional mean from 1980. On the basis of this analysis, the Baur series before 1881 can also be combined well as a supplement with the regional mean values from 1881.
Time series of temperature
The time series, which consists of Baur's series and the area mean values, was compared with other available area means series: with the time series of the Meteorological Observatory Hohenpeißenberg (1781–1997), that of Austria (1775–1997; according to Böhm ), the GISS box number 9 Central Europe (1897–1996) and that of the Northern Hemisphere (1856–1997; after Jones ). The fluctuation structure of all these time series agree well over the entire time interval. The maximum deviation of the Germany series is less than 0.5 ° C, mostly even less than 0.2 ° C. The Germany series is slightly below the time series of Hohenpeißenberg and that of Austria until around 1820 and is almost completely in line with the other series from 1820 onwards.
These differences can be explained by the less reliable measurement data and the resulting inhomogeneities of Baur's individual series from the 18th and 19th centuries. It is cautiously assumed that in 1761 the accuracy of the single measurement was around ± 1.0 ° C. By determining the daily average from three individual measurements, the subsequent monthly averaging and the total of three, from 1776 four time series, this difference goes back to approximately ± 0.1 to 0.2 ° C. This corresponds to the tolerance range of today's measurements with a precision mercury thermometer . The change in the data base of the area mean from 31 to 75 stations from 1951 can also have an influence on this. However, different climatic developments in certain areas or a warming of the surrounding region of the individual measuring stations (e.g. due to urbanization ) can influence the values.
The change in the measurement height for the temperature also has a small influence on the mean values. At the beginning of the investigation interval up to and including the 1920s, the temperature was not measured uniformly at a height of two meters above ground, but sometimes at ten or more meters. As a result, the mean values in winter were slightly higher, due to the accumulation of cold air in depressions on clear nights. However, this effect should only have a very minor influence on the temperature series.
CLINO period
The currently valid CLINO period (CLINO = cli mate no rmal = normal period ) covers the period from 1961 to 1990 and is the basis for calculating the average temperatures of the climate in Germany . The mean values of the individual months are combined to form data sets of 30 years. This 30-year period was set by the WMO , the United Nations' specialist meteorological organization . This makes it easier to compare individual sections of a long time series, for example current values are shown as a deviation from the CLINO period. Averaging over 30 years means that extreme events in individual years are not so significant and representative sections are created. CLINO periods always cover 30 years, such as 1951 to 1980 or the most recent, but not yet widely introduced, from 1981 to 2010. The currently valid basic CLINO period from 1961 to 1990 will only officially become after 2021 through the period 1991 to Replaced in 2020.
Description of the seasonal and annual time series
year
The development of the officially recorded period from 1761 to today shows strong fluctuations from year to year, with a range from 6 ° C to 10 ° C with an average value of 8.0 ° C. From approx. 1760 to approx. 1910 the mean temperature averaged over decades remained almost constant at approx. 7.7 ° C. Although the 19th century had a few particularly cold decades and was therefore 0.1 ° C colder on average than the recorded time before, the overall trend of the 19th century was already pointing very slightly upwards, especially due to a strong increase in the last decade. The first two decades of the 20th century, however, showed a slight cooling again, albeit at a higher level. The decades from 1920 to approx. 1970 saw an overall increase in the average values, mainly caused by the sharp rise in temperatures in the 1940s. While the 1960s brought a brief cooling, albeit at an elevated level, the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s showed an extreme rise in temperatures - for the first time three decades in a row. Due to the very high average temperature level that has been reached since then, individual swings even further up are accordingly among the warmest years since the beginning of the recording (e.g. 1994 with 9.7 ° C, 2000, 2007 and 2015 with 9.9 ° C each, 2014 even 10.3 ° C). Temperatures stagnated at a high level in the period from 1998 to 2013, during which a very slight downward trend was even calculated for Germany.
spring
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With an average temperature of 7.6 ° C (1961–1990: 7.7 ° C), spring has roughly the same course as the annual series. The coldest spring was already in 1785 with an average of 4.0 ° C. At the beginning of the time series there were also some very warm spring years, such as 1794 with 9.7 ° C, 1779 with 9.5 ° C and 1822 with 9.7 ° C. By far the warmest spring in the series occurred in 2007 with 10.6 ° C. Since 1988, almost every spring - except 1991, 1996, 2006 and 2013 - has been warmer than the average, with the years 2000 in particular at 10.0, 2007 with 10.6, 2011 with 10.1, 2014 with 10.0 and 2018 stood out at 10.2 ° C. From around the mid-1830s to the mid-1850s, the coldest phase was the spring period. In the years 1845 with 4.4, 1853 with 4.6 and 1837 with 4.7 ° C there were several very cold spring years in short intervals.
summer
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The summers with an average temperature of 16.4 ° C (1961–1990: 16.3 ° C) had a completely different course than the annual values. At the beginning of the series there are several warm summers; in 1826 and 1834 they reached an average temperature of 18.4 ° C each. The coldest summer also falls within this period: in 1816 it only reached 14.1 ° C on average. This year has also become known as the year without a summer , when late and early frosts adversely affected the harvest in many areas. This phenomenon was presumably caused by the eruption of the Tambora volcano on Java in Indonesia . Large amounts of dust were transported into the stratosphere , which reduced solar radiation for many months. Around 1870 there was a slight cooling of the summer temperatures, which reached their coldest section in the time series around 1920. This range also included some summers with an average of less than 15 ° C (e.g. 1907, 1913 and 1916). 1947 saw the second warmest summer ever with an average temperature of 18.5 ° C, which caused problems in agriculture, nature and water supply due to its great drought. Summer temperatures have risen sharply since the early 1980s and, with the 2003 summer of the century, with its extreme heat wave at an average temperature of 19.7 ° C, far exceeded all previous summers in the time series.
autumn
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Autumn with a mean temperature of 8.3 ° C (1961–1990: 8.8 ° C) had fairly constant values around 8 ° C until around 1910, but also some very warm and very cold representatives. The coldest autumn occurred in 1786 with an average of 5.8 ° C. Another very cold autumn was that of 1774 with an average temperature of 6.5 ° C. From 1910 there were some very cool autumns with the second coldest in 1912 with 6.1 ° C. The autumn mean then rose quite quickly by just under one degree and then remained fairly constant at a higher level. The year 1982 initially had the warmest autumn since 1761 with 10.4 ° C, but was clearly surpassed in both autumn 2006 and autumn 2014 with averages of 12.0 and 11.1 ° C, respectively. In addition to these two, there have been other autumns that are clearly too warm in recent years, such as in 2000 with 10.2 ° C, 2005 with 10.0 ° C and 2009 with 10.1 ° C.
winter
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For the period from 1761 to 2017, winter had a mean value of −0.2 ° C (1961–1990: 0.2 ° C). With a fluctuation range of more than 10 ° C, winter has a much larger fluctuation range than the other seasons with only around 6 ° C; thus it has a great influence on the course of the time series of the annual mean. The winters had a relatively cold course until about 1890 with an average of −0.8 ° C, but this was also accompanied by some very mild winters, such as B. 1795/96 with +2.7 ° C, 1821/22 with +2.3 ° C, 1833/34 with +2.9 ° C or 1868/69 with +2.5 ° C. The winter of 1829/30 was the coldest of the time series with a mean value of −6.6 ° C. Thereafter, mean winter temperatures increased by around 1 ° C to a peak around 1920. Then the mean temperature of the winter dropped again somewhat. During and shortly after World War II there were some very cold winters, such as E.g. with −5.0 ° C in 1939/40, -3.9 ° C in 1941/42 and −4.6 ° C in winter 1946/47. The second coldest winter in the series was that of 1962/63 with an average of −5.5 ° C. In the last 30 years, mean winter temperatures have increased significantly - at least seven of the ten winters with the highest mean temperatures fell during this period: The warmest winters by far 2006/07 (4.4 ° C) and 2019/20 (4.2 ° C) ) as well as the winters 2015/16, 1989/90, 2013/14, 2007/2008, 1997/98.
Average and extreme values over different periods
Average values over different time periods
| month | year | season | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | ||
| 1761 to 1800 (with data from Baur) | |||||||||||||||||
| average | -2.2 | - 0.1 | 2.3 | 7.4 | 12.2 | 15.6 | 16.9 | 16.8 | 13.2 | 8.0 | 3.0 | -0.6 | 7.7 | -0.9 | 7.3 | 16.4 | 8.1 |
| 1761 to 2017 (with data from Baur (1761–1880) and DWD) | |||||||||||||||||
| average | -1.1 | 0.1 | 3.0 | 7.4 | 12.2 | 15.5 | 17.0 | 16.6 | 13.1 | 8.4 | 3.5 | 0.3 | 8.0 | -0.2 | 7.6 | 16.4 | 8.3 |
| 1881 to 2017 | |||||||||||||||||
| average | -0.4 | 0.4 | 3.6 | 7.7 | 12.4 | 15.5 | 17.3 | 16.6 | 13.3 | 8.7 | 4.0 | 0.9 | 8.3 | 0.3 | 7.9 | 16.5 | 8.7 |
| 19th century (with data from Baur (1801–1880) and DWD): 1801 to 1900 - Note: At Berkeley, the temperatures are approx. 0.3 to 0.4 degrees higher than at Baur | |||||||||||||||||
| average | -1.8 | -0.2 | 2.4 | 7.1 | 11.8 | 15.3 | 16.7 | 16.3 | 12.9 | 8.1 | 3.0 | -0.3 | 7.6 | -0.8 | 7.2 | 16.1 | 8.0 |
| 20th century: 1901 to 2000 | |||||||||||||||||
| average | -0.3 | 0.3 | 3.6 | 7.6 | 12.4 | 15.4 | 17.2 | 16.5 | 13.3 | 8.7 | 3.8 | 0.9 | 8.3 | 0.3 | 7.9 | 16.4 | 8.6 |
| 20th century, current CLINO period: 1961 to 1990 | |||||||||||||||||
| average | -0.5 | 0.4 | 3.5 | 7.4 | 12.1 | 15.4 | 16.9 | 16.5 | 13.3 | 9.0 | 4.0 | 0.8 | 8.2 | 0.2 | 7.7 | 16.3 | 8.8 |
| 21st century, if available: 2001 to June 2020 (see e.g.) | |||||||||||||||||
| average | 0.9 | 1.5 | 4.6 | 9.2 | 13.2 | 16.7 | 18.6 | 18.0 | 14.0 | 9.7 | 5.2 | 2.0 | 9.4 | 1.5 | 9.0 | 17.8 | 9.6 |
Maximum (1761 to 2019)
The warmest (average) month or season over the entire period from 1761 to 2019.
| year | month | year | season | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | ||
| year | 2007 | 1990 | 2017 | 2018 | 2018 | 2019 | 2006 | 1807 | 2006 | 2001 | 2015 | 2015 | 2018 | 2006/07 | 2007 | 2003 | 2006 |
| maximum | 4.76 | 5.74 | 7.20 | 12.32 | 16.03 | 19.78 | 21.99 | 20.7 | 16.90 | 12.48 | 7.51 | 6.49 | 10.45 | 4.38 | 10.62 | 19.67 | 12.03 |
The warmest years since 1881 are:
| rank | year | Temperature ° C |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2018 | 10.45 |
| 2 | 2014 | 10.33 |
| 3 | 2019 | 10.28 |
| 4th | 2015 | 9.94 |
| 5 | 2000 | 9.87 |
| 6th | 2007 | 9.85 |
| 7th | 1994 | 9.70 |
| 8th | 2011 | 9.64 |
| 9 | 2017 | 9.58 |
| 10 | 2002 | 9.56 |
Minimum (1761 to 2019)
The coldest (average) month or season over the entire period from 1761 to 2019.
| year | month | year | season | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | ||
| year | 1940 | 1956 | 1785/ 1845 |
1817 | 1902 | 1923 | 1919 | 1833 | 1912 | 1805 | 1858 | 1788 | 1829 | 1829/30 | 1785 | 1816 | 1786 |
| minimum | -9.00 | -9.62 | -3.7 | 3.3 | 8.61 | 11.19 | 14.36 | 13.5 | 9.08 | 4.3 | -0.8 | -9.8 | 5.6 | -6.6 | 4.1 | 14.1 | 5.8 |
The coldest years since 1881 are:
| rank | year | Temperature ° C |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1940 | 6.63 |
| 2 | 1956 | 6.84 |
| 3 | 1888 | 6.85 |
| 4th | 1887 | 6.95 |
| 5 | 1963 | 7.10 |
| 6th | 1962 | 7.14 |
| 7th | 1941 | 7.16 |
| 8th | 1902 | 7.17 |
| 9 | 1922 | 7.19 |
| 10 | 1996 | 7.20 |
Measured values in decades
The following list shows the monthly average temperature values in Germany. It is divided into individual decades and listed continuously from the current decade to the first decade of the series, 1761–1770. See the source for the individual data.
The maximum and minimum were marked with two decimal places until 1881 (beginning of the DWD temperature time series). The cells with the largest value are highlighted in red and the smallest value in blue.
2011 to 2020
The cold spell in Europe in 2012 lasted from the third week of January to mid-February and also brought exceptionally low temperatures for Germany. Three years later, new heat records were also set in Germany during the 2015 heat waves in Europe . In April of 2016 and 2017, late onset of winter caused frosts and snowfall down to low altitudes; In May 2016, a series of severe storms began in Germany and other places in Central Europe. The drought and heat in Europe in 2018 also affected the weather in Germany. An unusually cold March for the 21st century - which, however, would have been an average March in the 19th century - was followed by two months that set new heat records in a row. After the warmest year in 2014 with 10.3 degrees, a new heat record for Germany followed a little later in 2018 with 10.5 degrees. At the same time, there were 13 consecutive months between April 2018 and April 2019, for the first time since the start of recording, with in some cases significantly positive deviations from the climate mean for the years 1961–1990.
June 2019 broke several records. Not only was it 0.4 degrees warmer than the previous record June from 2003, the record for the warmest day in June was also broken with 39.6 degrees. In addition, June 2019 was also the sunniest June since measurements began in 1951. On July 25, 2019, Lingen (Ems) recorded the highest value ever recorded in Germany at 42.6 degrees. The validity of the value is contested by a private weather service due to the station environment and is currently being checked by the German Weather Service. In early August 2020, heavy rainfalls in southern and eastern Bavaria sometimes caused heavy flooding.
| year | month | year | season | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | ||
| 2020 | 3.5 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 10.4 | 11.9 | 16.9 | 17.7 | 4.2 | 9.2 | ||||||||
| 2019 | 0.6 | 4.0 | 6.6 | 9.6 | 11.0 | 19.78 | 18.9 | 19.1 | 14.1 | 10.8 | 5.2 | 3.8 | 10.3 | 2.8 | 9.1 | 19.3 | 10.0 |
| 2018 | 3.7 | -1.9 | 2.4 | 12.32 | 16.03 | 17.7 | 20.3 | 19.9 | 15.1 | 10.7 | 5.2 | 3.9 | 10.45 | 1.5 | 10.2 | 19.3 | 10.3 |
| 2017 | -2.2 | 2.9 | 7.20 | 7.4 | 14.1 | 17.8 | 18.1 | 17.9 | 12.8 | 11.1 | 5.1 | 2.7 | 9.6 | 1.0 | 9.6 | 17.9 | 9.7 |
| 2016 | 1.0 | 3.3 | 4.0 | 7.9 | 13.7 | 17.0 | 18.6 | 17.7 | 16.85 | 8.5 | 3.8 | 2.2 | 9.6 | 3.6 | 8.5 | 17.8 | 9.7 |
| 2015 | 2.2 | 0.7 | 5.2 | 8.4 | 12.3 | 15.8 | 19.4 | 19.9 | 13.0 | 8.4 | 7.51 | 6.49 | 9.9 | 1.9 | 8.6 | 18.4 | 9.6 |
| 2014 | 2.1 | 4.3 | 6.9 | 10.8 | 12.4 | 16.1 | 19.3 | 16.0 | 14.9 | 11.9 | 6.5 | 2.7 | 10.3 | 3.3 | 10.0 | 17.1 | 11.1 |
| 2013 | 0.2 | -0.7 | 0.1 | 8.1 | 11.8 | 15.7 | 19.5 | 17.9 | 13.3 | 10.6 | 4.6 | 3.6 | 8.7 | 0.3 | 6.7 | 17.7 | 9.5 |
| 2012 | 1.9 | -2.5 | 6.9 | 8.1 | 14.2 | 15.5 | 17.4 | 18.4 | 13.6 | 8.7 | 5.2 | 1.5 | 9.1 | 1.1 | 9.8 | 17.1 | 9.2 |
| 2011 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 4.9 | 11.6 | 13.9 | 16.5 | 16.1 | 17.7 | 15.2 | 9.4 | 4.5 | 3.9 | 9.6 | -0.6 | 10.1 | 16.8 | 9.7 |
| By. | 1.4 | 1.6 | 5.0 | 9.5 | 13.1 | 16.9 | 18.5 | 18.3 | 14.3 | 10.0 | 5.3 | 3.4 | 9.7 | 1.9 | 9.2 | 17.9 | 9.9 |
2001 to 2010
During the heat wave in Europe in 2003 , the temperatures in Germany occasionally reached values above 40 degrees. The heat claimed around 3,500 lives in Germany. The anomaly is classified as a 500 year event. With an average of 4.38 ° C, the winter of 2006/07 is the warmest in Germany since the weather began. From a global perspective, 2010 was the warmest year since records began, but in Germany it was the coldest year since 1996 with an average temperature of 0.35 ° C below the average. December 2010 was the coldest nationwide since 1969.
| year | month | year | season | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | ||
| 2010 | -3.6 | -0.5 | 4.2 | 8.7 | 10.4 | 16.3 | 20.3 | 16.7 | 12.4 | 8.1 | 4.8 | -3.7 | 7.8 | -1.3 | 7.8 | 17.8 | 8.4 |
| 2009 | -2.2 | 0.5 | 4.3 | 11.8 | 13.6 | 14.8 | 18.0 | 18.7 | 14.7 | 8.2 | 7.4 | 0.3 | 9.2 | -0.2 | 9.9 | 17.2 | 10.1 |
| 2008 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 4.2 | 7.6 | 14.5 | 16.9 | 18.0 | 17.4 | 12.4 | 9.1 | 5.1 | 1.1 | 9.5 | 3.0 | 8.8 | 17.4 | 8.9 |
| 2007 | 4.76 | 3.9 | 6.2 | 11.5 | 14.2 | 17.4 | 17.2 | 16.9 | 12.6 | 8.3 | 3.7 | 1.6 | 9.9 | 4.38 | 10.62 | 17.2 | 8.2 |
| 2006 | -2.6 | -0.4 | 1.5 | 8.0 | 13.1 | 16.8 | 21.99 | 15.5 | 16.90 | 12.1 | 7.0 | 4.4 | 9.5 | -0.7 | 7.5 | 18.1 | 12.03 |
| 2005 | 2.0 | -1.0 | 3.6 | 9.3 | 12.8 | 16.4 | 18.0 | 15.8 | 15.0 | 11.0 | 4.2 | 0.9 | 9.0 | 0.7 | 8.5 | 16.7 | 10.0 |
| 2004 | -0.1 | 2.4 | 4.1 | 9.3 | 11.6 | 15.3 | 16.8 | 18.4 | 14.0 | 10.1 | 4.2 | 1.1 | 8.9 | 1.4 | 8.4 | 16.8 | 9.4 |
| 2003 | -0.3 | -1.9 | 5.3 | 8.5 | 14.1 | 19.4 | 19.1 | 20.6 | 13.8 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 1.8 | 9.4 | -0.6 | 9.3 | 19.67 | 8.6 |
| 2002 | 1.2 | 5.0 | 5.4 | 8.1 | 13.8 | 17.4 | 17.7 | 18.8 | 13.1 | 8.3 | 5.6 | 0.3 | 9.6 | 2.0 | 9.1 | 18.0 | 9.0 |
| 2001 | 0.9 | 2.3 | 4.2 | 7.1 | 14.4 | 14.3 | 18.6 | 18.6 | 11.8 | 12.48 | 3.8 | -0.2 | 9.0 | 2.1 | 8.6 | 17.2 | 9.4 |
| By. | 0.4 | 1.4 | 4.3 | 9.0 | 13.2 | 16.5 | 18.6 | 17.7 | 13.7 | 9.4 | 5.2 | 0.8 | 9.2 | 1.1 | 8.9 | 17.6 | 9.4 |
1991 to 2000
In April 1991 the Pinatubo broke out. The resulting cooling, which occurred primarily in the northern hemisphere, could for the first time be precisely predicted in terms of strength and duration by James E. Hansen . The extremely low average temperatures of May and June of this year have not fallen below again until today. The unusually cold year 1996, with an average temperature of 7.2 ° C, ranks 10th among the coldest years since 1881. Furthermore, this year produced the last nationwide summer that was too cold (deviation -0.1 ° C).
| year | month | year | season | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | ||
| 2000 | 1.1 | 3.9 | 5.2 | 10.1 | 14.6 | 17.0 | 15.3 | 17.6 | 13.9 | 10.6 | 6.1 | 3.1 | 9.9 | 2.3 | 10.0 | 16.6 | 10.2 |
| 1999 | 2.6 | 0.4 | 5.4 | 8.9 | 13.8 | 15.2 | 19.0 | 17.2 | 16.8 | 9.0 | 3.5 | 2.2 | 9.5 | 1.3 | 9.4 | 17.1 | 9.8 |
| 1998 | 2.4 | 4.3 | 5.0 | 8.8 | 14.0 | 16.5 | 16.4 | 16.7 | 13.3 | 8.7 | 1.6 | 1.0 | 9.1 | 3.0 | 9.3 | 16.5 | 7.9 |
| 1997 | -2.6 | 4.1 | 5.8 | 6.4 | 12.7 | 15.8 | 17.1 | 19.8 | 13.7 | 7.7 | 4.0 | 2.2 | 8.9 | -0.3 | 8.3 | 17.6 | 8.4 |
| 1996 | -2.8 | -2.2 | 1.0 | 8.4 | 11.2 | 15.6 | 15.9 | 17.1 | 10.9 | 9.2 | 4.5 | -2.4 | 7.2 | -2.3 | 6.8 | 16.2 | 8.2 |
| 1995 | 0.2 | 4.6 | 3.1 | 8.5 | 12.2 | 14.3 | 20.1 | 18.3 | 12.6 | 11.8 | 3.0 | -1.8 | 8.9 | 2.8 | 7.9 | 17.6 | 9.1 |
| 1994 | 3.0 | -0.2 | 6.3 | 7.9 | 12.6 | 15.9 | 21.3 | 17.8 | 13.2 | 7.6 | 7.2 | 3.6 | 9.7 | 2.0 | 8.9 | 18.4 | 9.4 |
| 1993 | 2.5 | -0.7 | 3.6 | 10.4 | 14.6 | 15.6 | 16.1 | 15.8 | 12.2 | 7.8 | 0.4 | 3.2 | 8.5 | 1.0 | 9.5 | 15.8 | 6.8 |
| 1992 | 1.0 | 2.8 | 4.8 | 7.8 | 14.5 | 17.3 | 18.6 | 19.1 | 13.4 | 6.5 | 5.4 | 1.3 | 9.4 | 1.5 | 9.1 | 18.3 | 8.4 |
| 1991 | 1.5 | -2.4 | 6.4 | 7.1 | 9.5 | 13.5 | 19.2 | 17.9 | 14.7 | 8.2 | 3.9 | 0.7 | 8.4 | -0.0 | 7.7 | 16.9 | 9.0 |
| By. | 0.9 | 1.5 | 4.7 | 8.4 | 13.0 | 15.7 | 17.9 | 17.7 | 13.5 | 8.7 | 4.0 | 1.3 | 8.9 | 1.1 | 8.7 | 17.1 | 8.7 |
1981 to 1990
July of the summer of the century 1983 was the hottest July of the twentieth century in Central Europe up to that point. It was particularly hot and dry.
| year | month | year | season | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | ||
| 1990 | 2.5 | 5.74 | 6.9 | 7.4 | 13.9 | 15.2 | 16.7 | 18.3 | 11.8 | 10.2 | 4.5 | 0.8 | 9.5 | 3.6 | 9.4 | 16.7 | 8.8 |
| 1989 | 2.5 | 3.4 | 7.0 | 7.2 | 13.8 | 15.3 | 17.7 | 17.0 | 14.4 | 10.4 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 9.5 | 3.1 | 9.3 | 16.7 | 9.2 |
| 1988 | 3.5 | 2.1 | 2.7 | 8.0 | 14.2 | 15.0 | 17.0 | 17.0 | 13.2 | 9.7 | 3.0 | 3.4 | 9.1 | 2.6 | 8.3 | 16.3 | 8.6 |
| 1987 | -5.9 | -0.3 | -0.4 | 9.1 | 9.7 | 13.9 | 16.9 | 15.5 | 14.5 | 9.4 | 4.9 | 2.1 | 7.4 | -1.4 | 6.1 | 15.4 | 9.6 |
| 1986 | 0.1 | -6.4 | 3.0 | 6.3 | 14.1 | 15.9 | 17.0 | 16.3 | 11.3 | 9.6 | 5.8 | 2.0 | 7.9 | -0.9 | 7.8 | 16.4 | 8.9 |
| 1985 | -5.5 | -3.1 | 2.8 | 7.6 | 13.3 | 13.5 | 17.4 | 16.2 | 13.5 | 8.8 | 0.8 | 3.7 | 7.4 | -2.5 | 7.9 | 15.7 | 7.7 |
| 1984 | 1.1 | -0.3 | 2.0 | 6.8 | 10.8 | 13.7 | 15.9 | 17.0 | 12.3 | 10.2 | 4.9 | 1.2 | 8.0 | 0.5 | 6.5 | 15.5 | 9.2 |
| 1983 | 4.0 | -1.7 | 4.5 | 8.6 | 11.3 | 16.3 | 20.4 | 18.1 | 13.7 | 9.2 | 3.5 | 0.7 | 9.0 | 1.5 | 8.1 | 18.3 | 8.8 |
| 1982 | -2.3 | -0.1 | 4.2 | 6.5 | 12.4 | 16.3 | 18.9 | 17.3 | 15.7 | 9.6 | 6.0 | 2.2 | 8.9 | -1.5 | 7.7 | 17.5 | 10.4 |
| 1981 | -1.5 | -0.4 | 6.8 | 7.8 | 13.2 | 15.3 | 16.3 | 16.4 | 14.0 | 8.1 | 4.6 | -2.2 | 8.2 | -0.4 | 9.2 | 16.0 | 8.9 |
| By. | -0.2 | -0.1 | 4.0 | 7.5 | 12.7 | 15.0 | 17.4 | 16.9 | 13.4 | 9.5 | 4.1 | 1.6 | 8.5 | 0.5 | 8.1 | 16.5 | 9.0 |
1971 to 1980
In the so-called disaster winter 1978/79 , icy air masses caused huge snow masses in northern Germany, the cutting off of entire parts of the country and many power outages.
| month | year | season | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | ||
| 1980 | -2.7 | 2.1 | 3.3 | 6.0 | 10.7 | 14.7 | 15.1 | 16.6 | 13.9 | 8.0 | 3.0 | 0.7 | 7.6 | 1.1 | 6.7 | 15.5 | 8.3 |
| 1979 | -4.5 | -1.8 | 3.7 | 6.3 | 12.4 | 16.5 | 15.3 | 15.5 | 13.1 | 8.6 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 7.7 | -2.0 | 7.4 | 15.8 | 8.5 |
| 1978 | 0.7 | -1.4 | 4.8 | 6.5 | 11.6 | 14.8 | 15.5 | 15.1 | 12.2 | 9.1 | 4.2 | 0.3 | 7.8 | 0.5 | 7.6 | 15.1 | 8.5 |
| 1977 | 0.4 | 3.0 | 6.1 | 5.6 | 11.7 | 15.5 | 16.5 | 15.9 | 11.9 | 10.1 | 5.1 | 2.1 | 8.7 | 0.8 | 7.8 | 16.0 | 9.0 |
| 1976 | 1.2 | 0.5 | 1.3 | 6.9 | 12.8 | 17.4 | 19.3 | 16.2 | 12.7 | 9.5 | 4.8 | -1.0 | 8.5 | 0.9 | 7.0 | 17.6 | 9.0 |
| 1975 | 4.5 | 1.4 | 3.6 | 6.8 | 11.8 | 14.7 | 18.2 | 18.8 | 15.5 | 7.5 | 3.1 | 1.2 | 8.9 | 3.6 | 7.4 | 17.3 | 8.7 |
| 1974 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 5.6 | 7.9 | 11.0 | 14.1 | 15.3 | 17.1 | 13.2 | 5.5 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 8.8 | 2.2 | 8.2 | 15.5 | 7.8 |
| 1973 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 3.9 | 5.1 | 12.5 | 16.1 | 17.2 | 17.7 | 14.1 | 7.3 | 3.3 | 0.2 | 8.2 | 0.6 | 7.2 | 17.0 | 8.2 |
| 1972 | -2.3 | 1.9 | 5.3 | 7.2 | 11.3 | 14.4 | 17.7 | 15.7 | 10.7 | 6.8 | 4.3 | 0.8 | 7.8 | 1.1 | 7.9 | 16.0 | 7.2 |
| 1971 | -1.1 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 8.2 | 14.0 | 13.9 | 18.0 | 17.8 | 12.0 | 8.8 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 8.4 | 0.2 | 7.7 | 16.6 | 8.1 |
| By. | -0.0 | 1.1 | 3.9 | 6.7 | 12.0 | 15.2 | 16.8 | 16.7 | 12.9 | 8.1 | 4.0 | 1.6 | 8.2 | 0.9 | 7.5 | 16.2 | 8.3 |
1961 to 1970
The winter of 1962/63 is one of the severest winters of the 20th century in Europe. It also brought exceptionally low temperatures for Germany.
| year | month | year | season | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | ||
| 1970 | -2.6 | -1.1 | 1.2 | 5.3 | 11.4 | 17.2 | 16.1 | 16.8 | 13.2 | 8.9 | 5.8 | 0.5 | 7.7 | -2.8 | 6.0 | 16.7 | 9.3 |
| 1969 | 0.4 | -2.1 | 0.9 | 7.0 | 12.9 | 14.8 | 18.4 | 16.5 | 13.8 | 10.0 | 5.1 | -4.7 | 7.8 | -1.2 | 6.9 | 16.6 | 9.6 |
| 1968 | -1.1 | 0.7 | 4.4 | 9.0 | 10.9 | 16.0 | 16.2 | 16.4 | 13.4 | 10.2 | 3.7 | -2.0 | 8.2 | -0.0 | 8.1 | 16.2 | 9.1 |
| 1967 | 0.7 | 2.8 | 5.4 | 6.5 | 12.5 | 14.7 | 18.6 | 16.4 | 13.8 | 11.1 | 3.8 | 0.4 | 8.9 | 1.8 | 8.1 | 16.6 | 9.6 |
| 1966 | -2.7 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 8.6 | 13.0 | 16.9 | 15.6 | 15.5 | 13.2 | 11.1 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 8.5 | 1.2 | 8.3 | 16.0 | 8.8 |
| 1965 | 1.2 | -1.8 | 2.3 | 6.7 | 11.2 | 15.5 | 15.0 | 14.9 | 12.7 | 8.1 | 1.3 | 2.6 | 7.5 | -0.0 | 6.7 | 15.1 | 7.4 |
| 1964 | -2.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 8.6 | 13.6 | 16.9 | 18.1 | 15.9 | 13.6 | 7.1 | 4.9 | 0.4 | 8.1 | -1.7 | 7.6 | 17.0 | 8.5 |
| 1963 | -7.4 | -5.7 | 2.4 | 8.4 | 12.0 | 15.8 | 17.7 | 15.9 | 13.7 | 8.1 | 7.4 | -3.1 | 7.1 | -5.48 | 7.6 | 16.5 | 9.7 |
| 1962 | 1.7 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 8.2 | 9.7 | 14.2 | 15.0 | 15.8 | 12.3 | 8.9 | 2.7 | -3.3 | 7.2 | 0.5 | 6.1 | 15.0 | 8.0 |
| 1961 | -0.8 | 4.4 | 6.0 | 10.6 | 10.3 | 16.0 | 15.1 | 15.7 | 16.3 | 10.5 | 3.7 | -0.6 | 8.9 | 1.6 | 9.0 | 15.6 | 10.2 |
| By. | -1.3 | 0.1 | 2.7 | 7.9 | 11.7 | 15.8 | 16.6 | 16.0 | 13.6 | 9.4 | 4.1 | -0.8 | 8.0 | -0.7 | 7.4 | 16.1 | 9.0 |
1951 to 1960
February 1956 is one of the coldest months since the beginning of the weather recordings, it was even the coldest single month in many places and often around 10 degrees colder than the long-term average.
| year | month | year | season | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | ||
| 1960 | -0.1 | 0.4 | 4.3 | 7.4 | 12.8 | 16.2 | 15.4 | 15.8 | 12.5 | 9.1 | 6.0 | 1.2 | 8.4 | 0.8 | 8.2 | 15.8 | 9.2 |
| 1959 | -0.1 | -0.1 | 6.2 | 9.4 | 12.7 | 16.1 | 19.3 | 17.3 | 13.5 | 8.4 | 3.3 | 2.2 | 9.0 | 0.8 | 9.4 | 17.6 | 8.4 |
| 1958 | -0.4 | 1.9 | -0.3 | 5.2 | 13.3 | 14.5 | 17.0 | 16.9 | 14.5 | 9.3 | 4.3 | 2.4 | 8.2 | 0.7 | 6.1 | 16.1 | 9.3 |
| 1957 | 0.3 | 3.8 | 6.4 | 7.5 | 9.7 | 16.7 | 17.7 | 15.1 | 11.8 | 9.1 | 4.5 | 0.5 | 8.6 | 2.0 | 7.8 | 16.5 | 8.5 |
| 1956 | 0.2 | -9.62 | 2.9 | 5.3 | 12.5 | 13.2 | 16.9 | 14.1 | 13.8 | 8.2 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 6.8 | -2.3 | 6.9 | 14.7 | 8.2 |
| 1955 | -1.7 | -1.9 | 0.4 | 6.9 | 10.3 | 14.5 | 17.3 | 16.8 | 13.4 | 8.0 | 3.8 | 2.6 | 7.5 | -0.1 | 5.9 | 16.2 | 8.4 |
| 1954 | -3.2 | -3.5 | 4.3 | 5.8 | 12.2 | 16.0 | 14.4 | 15.7 | 13.5 | 9.9 | 4.0 | 3.2 | 7.7 | -1.4 | 7.5 | 15.4 | 9.1 |
| 1953 | -0.8 | -0.1 | 4.8 | 9.0 | 13.2 | 16.1 | 17.4 | 16.4 | 13.5 | 10.4 | 4.8 | 2.5 | 8.9 | -0.5 | 9.0 | 16.6 | 9.6 |
| 1952 | 0.2 | -0.1 | 2.6 | 10.3 | 12.3 | 15.2 | 18.3 | 17.8 | 10.5 | 7.2 | 1.6 | -0.5 | 7.9 | 0.9 | 8.4 | 17.1 | 6.4 |
| 1951 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 2.2 | 7.3 | 11.5 | 15.3 | 17.1 | 17.2 | 14.5 | 7.3 | 6.5 | 2.5 | 8.7 | 0.5 | 7.0 | 16.5 | 9.4 |
| By. | -0.4 | -0.7 | 3.4 | 7.4 | 12.0 | 15.4 | 17.1 | 16.3 | 13.1 | 8.7 | 4.1 | 1.9 | 8.2 | 0.1 | 7.6 | 16.3 | 8.7 |
1941 to 1950
The hunger winter of 1946/47 was one of the coldest winters in Germany. In the North Sea region , it is considered the toughest winter of the 20th century. After the cold winter at the beginning of the year, 1947 was followed by a hot and dry summer. The summer of 1947 is the warmest summer of the 20th century and the 4th warmest summer to date since 1881 after 2003, 2018 and 2019.
| year | month | year | season | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | ||
| 1950 | -1.0 | 2.9 | 4.8 | 6.7 | 13.8 | 17.6 | 18.0 | 17.5 | 12.9 | 7.8 | 4.3 | -2.0 | 8.6 | 1.7 | 8.5 | 17.7 | 8.3 |
| 1949 | 1.2 | 1.7 | 2.0 | 10.3 | 12.2 | 14.1 | 17.6 | 17.0 | 16.3 | 10.6 | 3.7 | 3.0 | 9.2 | 1.3 | 8.2 | 16.2 | 10.2 |
| 1948 | 3.1 | 0.5 | 5.7 | 10.0 | 13.6 | 15.6 | 16.2 | 16.4 | 13.8 | 8.7 | 4.2 | 0.9 | 9.1 | 1.7 | 9.8 | 16.1 | 8.9 |
| 1947 | -4.7 | -6.6 | 2.6 | 9.4 | 14.7 | 17.9 | 18.9 | 18.9 | 16.8 | 7.7 | 5.2 | 1.4 | 8.5 | -4.6 | 8.9 | 18.5 | 9.9 |
| 1946 | -1.8 | 2.4 | 3.7 | 10.2 | 13.9 | 14.7 | 18.4 | 16.2 | 14.1 | 7.0 | 4.0 | -2.3 | 8.4 | 0.7 | 9.3 | 16.5 | 8.4 |
| 1945 | -4.0 | 4.0 | 6.0 | 8.8 | 14.0 | 16.6 | 17.9 | 16.2 | 13.8 | 9.7 | 3.6 | 1.3 | 9.0 | -0.2 | 9.6 | 16.9 | 9.0 |
| 1944 | 3.1 | -1.1 | 0.9 | 8.6 | 11.6 | 14.2 | 17.4 | 19.6 | 12.8 | 8.6 | 4.1 | -0.4 | 8.3 | 0.7 | 7.1 | 17.1 | 8.5 |
| 1943 | -0.4 | 2.9 | 5.6 | 9.3 | 12.8 | 14.4 | 17.7 | 17.9 | 13.8 | 9.9 | 2.7 | 0.2 | 8.9 | 1.6 | 9.2 | 16.7 | 8.8 |
| 1942 | -7.9 | -5.4 | 1.4 | 7.5 | 12.1 | 14.4 | 16.1 | 17.6 | 15.1 | 11.1 | 3.3 | 2.1 | 7.3 | -3.9 | 7.0 | 16.0 | 9.8 |
| 1941 | -5.4 | -0.2 | 3.2 | 5.5 | 9.2 | 16.3 | 18.5 | 15.0 | 12.3 | 8.0 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 7.2 | -2.8 | 6.0 | 16.6 | 7.4 |
| By. | -1.8 | 0.1 | 3.6 | 8.6 | 12.8 | 15.6 | 17.7 | 17.2 | 14.2 | 8.9 | 3.7 | 0.6 | 8.4 | -0.4 | 8.4 | 16.8 | 8.9 |
1931 to 1940
| year | month | year | season | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | ||
| 1940 | -9.00 | -4.3 | 2.7 | 7.9 | 12.2 | 16.7 | 16.2 | 14.5 | 12.4 | 7.6 | 5.4 | -2.8 | 6.64 | -5.0 | 7.6 | 15.8 | 8.5 |
| 1939 | 2.6 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 8.6 | 10.5 | 16.3 | 17.0 | 17.5 | 13.4 | 6.5 | 5.5 | -1.6 | 8.3 | 0.8 | 7.0 | 16.9 | 8.4 |
| 1938 | 1.7 | 0.9 | 7.0 | 5.0 | 10.7 | 16.0 | 16.7 | 17.7 | 13.8 | 8.7 | 7.0 | -1.9 | 8.6 | 0.7 | 7.6 | 16.8 | 9.8 |
| 1937 | -0.8 | 2.2 | 2.9 | 8.0 | 14.7 | 16.3 | 17.2 | 17.1 | 13.3 | 9.4 | 3.3 | -0.5 | 8.6 | 1.0 | 8.5 | 16.8 | 8.7 |
| 1936 | 3.1 | 0.2 | 5.0 | 6.2 | 12.3 | 16.2 | 16.8 | 16.2 | 13.0 | 6.4 | 3.8 | 1.5 | 8.4 | 1.3 | 7.8 | 16.4 | 7.7 |
| 1935 | -0.8 | 1.9 | 2.7 | 7.3 | 10.5 | 17.2 | 17.8 | 16.6 | 13.7 | 8.6 | 5.2 | 0.4 | 8.4 | 2.0 | 6.9 | 17.2 | 9.1 |
| 1934 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 4.1 | 10.3 | 13.3 | 16.4 | 18.3 | 16.4 | 15.6 | 9.6 | 4.1 | 4.8 | 9.5 | -0.8 | 9.3 | 17.0 | 9.8 |
| 1933 | -2.6 | 0.1 | 5.1 | 7.0 | 11.5 | 14.3 | 18.1 | 16.9 | 13.5 | 8.8 | 2.5 | -3.9 | 7.6 | -0.5 | 7.9 | 16.4 | 8.3 |
| 1932 | 1.8 | -1.9 | 0.8 | 7.0 | 12.5 | 14.6 | 17.9 | 18.7 | 15.0 | 8.5 | 4.2 | 0.8 | 8.3 | 0.0 | 6.8 | 17.1 | 9.2 |
| 1931 | 0.2 | -1.2 | 0.2 | 5.8 | 15.1 | 16.1 | 16.8 | 15.4 | 10.2 | 7.3 | 4.6 | 0.1 | 7.6 | -0.1 | 7.0 | 16.1 | 7.4 |
| By. | -0.3 | 0.1 | 3.2 | 7.3 | 12.3 | 16.0 | 17.3 | 16.7 | 13.4 | 8.1 | 4.6 | -0.3 | 8.2 | -0.2 | 7.6 | 16.7 | 8.7 |
1921 to 1930
The winter of 1928/29 is not only one of the coldest winters in the series, it also recorded the coldest temperature in Germany to date. This temperature was measured at -37.8 degrees on February 12, 1929 in Hüll (Wolnzach municipality, Pfaffenhofen district, Upper Bavaria).
| year | month | year | season | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | ||
| 1930 | 2.3 | -0.2 | 4.2 | 8.3 | 11.6 | 18.2 | 16.3 | 15.9 | 13.2 | 8.7 | 5.9 | 0.6 | 8.8 | 1.9 | 8.0 | 16.8 | 9.3 |
| 1929 | -4.7 | -9.6 | 2.6 | 4.5 | 13.1 | 14.5 | 17.5 | 17.1 | 15.5 | 9.7 | 4.7 | 3.5 | 7.4 | -4.8 | 6.7 | 16.4 | 10.0 |
| 1928 | 1.6 | 2.5 | 2.9 | 7.5 | 10.1 | 14.1 | 18.3 | 16.2 | 12.5 | 8.6 | 6.2 | -0.3 | 8.4 | 0.5 | 6.8 | 16.2 | 9.1 |
| 1927 | 1.8 | 0.9 | 5.9 | 7.1 | 10.9 | 14.1 | 17.3 | 16.4 | 13.5 | 8.5 | 2.7 | -2.6 | 8.1 | 1.1 | 8.0 | 15.9 | 8.2 |
| 1926 | -0.0 | 4.4 | 4.0 | 9.7 | 10.7 | 13.8 | 17.4 | 16.0 | 14.6 | 7.8 | 6.0 | 0.5 | 8.8 | 1.4 | 8.1 | 15.7 | 9.5 |
| 1925 | 2.5 | 3.6 | 1.3 | 8.2 | 13.9 | 15.0 | 17.9 | 16.5 | 11.0 | 8.5 | 2.0 | -0.4 | 8.3 | 2.6 | 7.8 | 16.4 | 7.2 |
| 1924 | -2.9 | -2.6 | 2.2 | 6.3 | 13.7 | 15.1 | 16.7 | 14.5 | 13.6 | 9.4 | 3.0 | 1.5 | 7.5 | -2.4 | 7.4 | 15.5 | 8.6 |
| 1923 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 4.9 | 6.8 | 11.4 | 11.19 | 18.6 | 15.7 | 13.1 | 10.3 | 2.9 | -1.7 | 8.0 | 1.6 | 7.7 | 15.2 | 8.8 |
| 1922 | -2.7 | -1.3 | 3.5 | 5.5 | 13.6 | 15.7 | 15.7 | 15.4 | 11.2 | 5.0 | 2.5 | 2.2 | 7.2 | -1.1 | 7.5 | 15.6 | 6.3 |
| 1921 | 4.2 | 1.2 | 5.6 | 7.8 | 14.0 | 14.4 | 18.7 | 17.2 | 13.4 | 11.0 | -0.18 | 0.5 | 9.0 | 2.1 | 9.2 | 16.8 | 8.1 |
| By. | 0.4 | -0.0 | 3.7 | 7.2 | 12.3 | 14.6 | 17.4 | 16.1 | 13.1 | 8.8 | 3.6 | 0.4 | 8.1 | 0.3 | 7.7 | 16.0 | 8.5 |
1911 to 1920
| year | month | year | season | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | ||
| 1920 | 2.3 | 3.0 | 6.1 | 9.4 | 13.8 | 14.9 | 17.4 | 15.0 | 13.0 | 6.9 | 1.2 | 0.6 | 8.6 | 2.1 | 9.8 | 15.8 | 7.0 |
| 1919 | 0.7 | -0.5 | 3.0 | 5.5 | 11.6 | 15.0 | 14.36 | 16.1 | 14.7 | 6.0 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 7.3 | 1.4 | 6.7 | 15.1 | 7.1 |
| 1918 | 0.7 | 1.7 | 4.0 | 9.0 | 14.0 | 13.0 | 16.5 | 15.9 | 12.9 | 7.9 | 3.0 | 3.9 | 8.6 | 0.2 | 9.0 | 15.1 | 7.9 |
| 1917 | -2.6 | -3.8 | 0.0 | 4.33 | 15.0 | 18.8 | 17.3 | 16.7 | 14.5 | 7.2 | 5.1 | -2.1 | 7.6 | -1.5 | 6.5 | 17.6 | 8.9 |
| 1916 | 3.8 | 0.8 | 3.9 | 8.2 | 13.1 | 12.8 | 16.0 | 15.9 | 12.0 | 8.5 | 4.5 | 1.8 | 8.5 | 2.8 | 8.5 | 14.9 | 8.3 |
| 1915 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 1.7 | 6.9 | 13.1 | 17.5 | 16.2 | 15.2 | 11.8 | 6.4 | 1.5 | 3.5 | 7.9 | 1.6 | 7.3 | 16.3 | 6.6 |
| 1914 | -3.0 | 3.1 | 4.7 | 9.8 | 10.9 | 14.6 | 17.6 | 17.2 | 12.4 | 8.2 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 8.5 | 0.7 | 8.5 | 16.4 | 8.0 |
| 1913 | -0.2 | 1.3 | 6.0 | 7.8 | 12.4 | 14.8 | 14.6 | 14.8 | 12.6 | 9.5 | 6.8 | 2.0 | 8.5 | 1.5 | 8.8 | 14.74 | 9.6 |
| 1912 | -1.5 | 2.3 | 6.0 | 6.9 | 11.9 | 15.6 | 17.9 | 13.97 | 9.08 | 6.5 | 2.6 | 3.1 | 7.9 | 1.3 | 8.3 | 15.8 | 6.06 |
| 1911 | -1.1 | 1.3 | 4.0 | 7.2 | 13.1 | 14.9 | 19.1 | 19.4 | 14.4 | 8.5 | 4.7 | 3.0 | 9.1 | 1.0 | 8.1 | 17.8 | 9.2 |
| By. | -0.1 | 1.0 | 3.9 | 7.5 | 12.9 | 15.2 | 16.7 | 16.0 | 12.7 | 7.6 | 3.3 | 2.0 | 8.2 | 1.0 | 8.1 | 16.0 | 7.9 |
1901 to 1910
| year | month | year | season | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | ||
| 1910 | 1.4 | 2.4 | 3.7 | 7.3 | 12.3 | 16.5 | 15.5 | 15.8 | 12.0 | 9.1 | 2.2 | 2.6 | 8.4 | 2.0 | 7.8 | 16.0 | 7.8 |
| 1909 | -1.6 | -2.5 | 1.5 | 7.8 | 10.9 | 14.1 | 15.0 | 16.2 | 12.7 | 10.2 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 7.4 | -1.5 | 6.8 | 15.1 | 8.3 |
| 1908 | -2.2 | 1.2 | 2.3 | 5.4 | 13.2 | 17.0 | 17.2 | 14.5 | 12.1 | 8.1 | 1.5 | -0.5 | 7.5 | 0.2 | 7.0 | 16.2 | 7.2 |
| 1907 | -0.3 | -1.5 | 2.6 | 6.1 | 12.9 | 14.6 | 14.5 | 15.7 | 13.1 | 11.2 | 3.3 | 1.5 | 7.8 | -1.3 | 7.2 | 14.9 | 9.2 |
| 1906 | 1.0 | 0.3 | 2.2 | 8.0 | 13.1 | 14.7 | 17.2 | 16.5 | 12.5 | 9.8 | 6.3 | -2.2 | 8.3 | 0.9 | 7.8 | 16.1 | 9.5 |
| 1905 | -1.8 | 1.3 | 4.5 | 5.9 | 12.1 | 17.0 | 18.6 | 16.5 | 12.8 | 4.46 | 3.1 | 1.0 | 8.0 | 0.7 | 7.5 | 17.4 | 6.8 |
| 1904 | -1.3 | 1.1 | 3.0 | 8.8 | 12.3 | 15.2 | 18.7 | 16.5 | 11.9 | 8.3 | 3.3 | 2.4 | 8.4 | -0.3 | 8.1 | 16.8 | 7.8 |
| 1903 | 0.3 | 3.6 | 5.7 | 4.6 | 12.6 | 14.8 | 16.2 | 15.4 | 13.5 | 9.6 | 4.4 | -0.8 | 8.4 | 0.8 | 7.7 | 15.5 | 9.2 |
| 1902 | 2.8 | -1.2 | 3.4 | 7.8 | 8.61 | 15.3 | 15.8 | 14.7 | 12.0 | 7.1 | 1.6 | -1.8 | 7.2 | 0.9 | 6.6 | 15.3 | 6.9 |
| 1901 | -3.7 | -4.1 | 2.1 | 8.0 | 12.8 | 15.6 | 18.5 | 16.4 | 13.4 | 9.1 | 2.7 | 0.9 | 7.7 | -1.6 | 7.7 | 16.8 | 8.4 |
| By. | -0.5 | 0.1 | 3.1 | 7.0 | 12.1 | 15.5 | 16.7 | 15.8 | 12.6 | 8.7 | 3.0 | 0.5 | 7.9 | 0.0 | 7.4 | 16.0 | 8.1 |
1891 to 1900
| year | month | year | season | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | ||
| 1900 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 6.5 | 10.8 | 15.9 | 18.4 | 16.2 | 13.8 | 8.6 | 4.7 | 2.8 | 8.4 | -0.4 | 6.0 | 16.8 | 9.0 |
| 1899 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.6 | 7.1 | 11.1 | 14.7 | 17.3 | 16.8 | 12.5 | 7.8 | 6.4 | -3.3 | 8.1 | 2.5 | 6.9 | 16.3 | 8.9 |
| 1898 | 2.3 | 1.1 | 2.9 | 7.3 | 11.3 | 14.8 | 14.4 | 18.0 | 13.6 | 8.9 | 4.7 | 3.0 | 8.5 | 1.6 | 7.2 | 15.7 | 9.0 |
| 1897 | -2.9 | 1.1 | 5.0 | 7.2 | 10.6 | 17.0 | 16.5 | 17.1 | 12.3 | 7.3 | 2.8 | 1.3 | 8.0 | -0.7 | 7.6 | 16.9 | 7.5 |
| 1896 | -0.8 | -0.2 | 5.3 | 5.9 | 10.7 | 16.7 | 17.0 | 14.3 | 12.7 | 8.6 | 1.2 | -0.5 | 7.6 | -0.3 | 7.3 | 16.0 | 7.5 |
| 1895 | -4.0 | -6.8 | 1.4 | 8.6 | 12.2 | 15.7 | 17.2 | 16.5 | 15.2 | 7.1 | 4.8 | -0.1 | 7.3 | -3.4 | 7.4 | 16.5 | 9.0 |
| 1894 | -1.8 | 1.6 | 4.7 | 9.9 | 11.3 | 14.2 | 17.8 | 15.4 | 11.0 | 8.0 | 4.9 | 0.5 | 8.1 | 0.1 | 8.7 | 15.8 | 8.0 |
| 1893 | -7.3 | 1.8 | 4.3 | 8.8 | 12.2 | 15.8 | 17.4 | 17.0 | 12.4 | 9.8 | 2.2 | 0.3 | 7.9 | -2.4 | 8.5 | 16.7 | 8.1 |
| 1892 | -1.8 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 7.0 | 12.2 | 15.1 | 16.0 | 18.1 | 13.8 | 7.4 | 3.0 | -1.9 | 7.5 | 0.2 | 6.6 | 16.4 | 8.1 |
| 1891 | -4.5 | -0.6 | 2.6 | 5.1 | 12.6 | 14.7 | 16.2 | 15.0 | 13.8 | 9.9 | 2.7 | 1.7 | 7.4 | -3.5 | 6.8 | 15.3 | 8.8 |
| By. | -1.8 | 0.2 | 3.0 | 7.3 | 11.5 | 15.5 | 16.8 | 16.4 | 13.1 | 8.3 | 3.7 | 0.4 | 7.9 | -0.4 | 7.3 | 16.2 | 8.4 |
1881 to 1890
| year | month | year | season | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | ||
| 1890 | 2.0 | -2.6 | 4.1 | 6.8 | 13.6 | 13.9 | 15.4 | 16.5 | 13.1 | 7.2 | 2.9 | -5.30 | 7.3 | -0.6 | 8.2 | 15.3 | 7.7 |
| 1889 | -2.4 | -2.6 | 0.3 | 6.9 | 15.8 | 18.6 | 16.3 | 15.3 | 11.1 | 8.0 | 2.7 | -1.6 | 7.4 | -1.4 | 7.7 | 16.8 | 7.3 |
| 1888 | -1.9 | -2.6 | 0.7 | 5.7 | 12.1 | 15.8 | 14.7 | 15.0 | 12.5 | 6.4 | 3.3 | 0.6 | 6.9 | -1.7 | 6.2 | 15.2 | 7.4 |
| 1887 | -3.7 | -0.8 | 1.1 | 7.1 | 10.0 | 15.5 | 18.7 | 15.7 | 12.2 | 5.5 | 3.1 | -0.8 | 7.0 | -1.2 | 6.1 | 16.6 | 6.9 |
| 1886 | -1.3 | -2.9 | 0.4 | 8.7 | 12.7 | 14.3 | 16.8 | 16.9 | 15.1 | 9.5 | 5.1 | 0.8 | 8.0 | -1.4 | 7.3 | 16.0 | 9.9 |
| 1885 | -2.8 | 3.0 | 2.5 | 9.2 | 10.0 | 16.7 | 17.3 | 14.6 | 12.7 | 7.4 | 2.7 | -0.3 | 7.8 | 0.7 | 7.3 | 16.2 | 7.6 |
| 1884 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 4.7 | 6.1 | 12.7 | 13.1 | 18.2 | 17.0 | 14.2 | 7.9 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 8.6 | 2.2 | 7.8 | 16.1 | 8.0 |
| 1883 | -0.3 | 2.3 | -1.66 | 6.1 | 12.4 | 16.2 | 16.7 | 15.9 | 13.4 | 8.5 | 4.3 | 0.8 | 7.9 | 0.9 | 5.65 | 16.3 | 8.7 |
| 1882 | 0.4 | 1.5 | 6.0 | 7.7 | 12.0 | 14.3 | 16.8 | 14.9 | 13.1 | 8.9 | 3.9 | 0.6 | 8.4 | 1.0 | 8.6 | 15.3 | 8.6 |
| 1881 | -5.4 | -0.1 | 2.6 | 5.5 | 11.8 | 15.1 | 18.6 | 15.9 | 12.1 | 5.0 | 5.7 | 0.9 | 7.3 | -0.5 | 6.7 | 16.5 | 7.6 |
| By. | -1.2 | -0.2 | 2.1 | 7.0 | 12.3 | 15.3 | 16.9 | 15.8 | 13.0 | 7.4 | 3.5 | -0.3 | 7.6 | -0.6 | 7.2 | 16.0 | 8.0 |
1871 to 1880, start of the Baur and Berkeley series
The absolute annual mean temperature in Germany according to Berkeley was determined in the period from January to December using the table on page: The absolute annual mean temperature according to Berkeley is up to 0.6 ° C (1775) higher than the absolute annual mean temperature according to Baur in the tables of Wikipedia in the period 1761 to 1880.
| year | Month after Baur | Year Baur | Season after Baur | Year Berkeley | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | |||
| 1880 | -2.8 | 0.2 | 3.9 | 8.3 | 10.7 | 14.7 | 17.4 | 16.2 | 13.7 | 7.5 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 8.1 | -3.3 | 7.7 | 16.1 | 8.4 | 8.3 |
| 1879 | -2.7 | 0.3 | 1.9 | 5.6 | 9.5 | 15.7 | 14.4 | 16.9 | 13.5 | 7.7 | 0.7 | -7.2 | 6.3 | -1.4 | 5.7 | 15.7 | 7.3 | 6.7 |
| 1878 | -0.5 | 2.2 | 2.9 | 8.4 | 12.3 | 15.4 | 15.7 | 16.4 | 13.7 | 9.3 | 2.9 | -1.7 | 8.1 | 0.7 | 7.9 | 15.9 | 8.7 | 8.3 |
| 1877 | 2.1 | 2.7 | 2.0 | 6.0 | 9.4 | 17.7 | 16.5 | 17.2 | 10.5 | 6.9 | 5.4 | 0.4 | 8.0 | 2.2 | 5.8 | 17.2 | 7.6 | 8.2 |
| 1876 | -3.5 | 0.7 | 3.8 | 8.3 | 8.6 | 15.8 | 17.4 | 17.1 | 11.9 | 10.1 | 1.2 | 1.9 | 7.7 | -1.6 | 6.9 | 16.8 | 7.8 | 8.0 |
| 1875 | 1.1 | -3.9 | 0.4 | 6.8 | 12.9 | 16.9 | 16.6 | 17.9 | 13.4 | 6.4 | 2.4 | -2.0 | 7.4 | -1.5 | 6.7 | 17.2 | 7.4 | 7.5 |
| 1874 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 3.2 | 9.1 | 8.9 | 15.5 | 19.1 | 15.0 | 14.7 | 9.2 | 1.5 | -1.6 | 7.9 | 0.6 | 7.1 | 16.6 | 8.5 | 8.0 |
| 1873 | 1.9 | -0.6 | 4.6 | 6.4 | 9.7 | 15.7 | 18.3 | 17.7 | 12.0 | 9.4 | 4.2 | 1.0 | 8.3 | 1.2 | 6.9 | 17.3 | 8.6 | 8.4 |
| 1872 | -0.1 | 1.2 | 4.8 | 8.5 | 12.3 | 15.3 | 18.1 | 15.4 | 13.7 | 9.4 | 5.7 | 2.5 | 8.9 | -1.3 | 8.6 | 16.3 | 9.6 | 9.1 |
| 1871 | -5.1 | -0.8 | 4.3 | 6.8 | 9.4 | 12.7 | 16.8 | 17.1 | 13.4 | 5.9 | 0.7 | -4.8 | 6.3 | -3.5 | 6.9 | 15.6 | 6.7 | 6.6 |
| By. | -0.9 | 0.2 | 3.2 | 7.4 | 10.4 | 15.6 | 17.0 | 16.7 | 13.1 | 8.2 | 2.9 | -0.7 | 7.8 | -0.5 | 7.0 | 16.5 | 8.1 | 7.9 |
1861 to 1870
| year | Month after Baur | Year Baur | Season after Baur | Year Berkeley | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | |||
| 1870 | -0.3 | -4.4 | 1.0 | 7.4 | 12.5 | 15.1 | 17.9 | 15.0 | 11.5 | 7.9 | 4.1 | -4.5 | 6.9 | -1.8 | 7.0 | 16.0 | 7.9 | 7.0 |
| 1869 | -1.1 | 4.4 | 1.0 | 9.6 | 12.6 | 12.9 | 18.1 | 15.0 | 13.9 | 6.6 | 3.4 | -0.5 | 8.0 | 2.5 | 7.8 | 15.4 | 8.0 | 8.1 |
| 1868 | -2.0 | 2.8 | 3.4 | 6.7 | 15.8 | 17.0 | 18.2 | 17.9 | 14.8 | 8.6 | 1.9 | 4.2 | 9.1 | -0.3 | 8.7 | 17.7 | 8.5 | 9.4 |
| 1867 | -1.1 | 4.0 | 1.4 | 7.5 | 11.3 | 15.1 | 15.1 | 17.0 | 13.7 | 7.5 | 2.0 | -1.7 | 7.6 | 1.3 | 6.8 | 15.8 | 7.8 | 7.8 |
| 1866 | 2.5 | 3.2 | 2.6 | 8.8 | 9.3 | 17.6 | 15.7 | 14.5 | 14.0 | 7.2 | 3.9 | 1.1 | 8.3 | 1.8 | 6.9 | 16.0 | 8.4 | 8.6 |
| 1865 | -0.3 | -3.9 | -0.9 | 9.8 | 15.2 | 14.1 | 18.7 | 15.7 | 14.5 | 8.8 | 4.7 | -0.1 | 8.0 | -2.6 | 8.1 | 16.2 | 9.4 | 8.2 |
| 1864 | -5.5 | -1.2 | 4.0 | 5.5 | 9.9 | 14.8 | 15.3 | 14.0 | 12.3 | 7.0 | 2.1 | -3.4 | 6.2 | -1.5 | 6.5 | 14.7 | 7.2 | 6.4 |
| 1863 | 2.3 | 1.9 | 4.2 | 7.7 | 12.2 | 15.5 | 15.7 | 17.7 | 12.4 | 10.2 | 3.8 | 2.2 | 8.8 | 1.5 | 8.1 | 16.3 | 8.8 | 8.9 |
| 1862 | -1.8 | 0.0 | 5.4 | 9.2 | 14.0 | 14.6 | 16.2 | 15.8 | 13.6 | 9.9 | 2.7 | 0.4 | 8.3 | -0.8 | 9.6 | 15.6 | 8.8 | 8.5 |
| 1861 | -5.4 | 2.4 | 4.2 | 5.5 | 9.9 | 17.0 | 16.9 | 17.6 | 12.9 | 9.5 | 3.4 | -0.5 | 7.8 | -1.6 | 6.6 | 17.2 | 8.6 | 8.1 |
| By. | -1.3 | 0.9 | 2.6 | 7.8 | 12.3 | 15.4 | 16.8 | 16.0 | 13.4 | 8.3 | 3.2 | -0.2 | 7.9 | -0.2 | 7.6 | 16.1 | 8.3 | 8.1 |
1851 to 1860
| year | Month after Baur | Year Baur | Season after Baur | Year Berkeley | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | |||
| 1860 | 1.3 | -1.9 | 1.1 | 5.9 | 12.4 | 15.2 | 14.7 | 15.1 | 12.3 | 7.5 | 1.3 | -1.6 | 6.9 | -1.2 | 6.5 | 15.0 | 7.1 | 7.1 |
| 1859 | 0.0 | 2.2 | 5.6 | 6.9 | 12.0 | 16.3 | 19.8 | 18.3 | 12.5 | 9.3 | 2.3 | -2.8 | 8.5 | 0.8 | 8.2 | 18.2 | 8.1 | 8.9 |
| 1858 | -3.1 | -4.6 | 1.2 | 7.0 | 10.2 | 18.4 | 15.9 | 16.2 | 14.6 | 8.8 | -0.8 | 0.4 | 7.0 | -2.1 | 6.2 | 16.9 | 7.6 | 7.3 |
| 1857 | -1.9 | -1.4 | 2.2 | 6.8 | 12.1 | 15.9 | 18.2 | 18.4 | 14.2 | 10.3 | 2.4 | 1.5 | 8.2 | -1.0 | 7.1 | 17.5 | 9.0 | 8.5 |
| 1856 | 0.1 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 8.2 | 10.5 | 15.8 | 14.9 | 16.7 | 11.7 | 9.0 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 7.5 | -0.9 | 6.6 | 15.8 | 7.1 | 7.7 |
| 1855 | -3.1 | -4.3 | 1.2 | 5.5 | 10.1 | 15.2 | 16.1 | 16.6 | 12.3 | 10.2 | 1.9 | -4.2 | 6.4 | -1.8 | 5.6 | 16.0 | 8.2 | 6.6 |
| 1854 | -1.0 | -1.0 | 2.8 | 7.2 | 12.0 | 14.3 | 16.9 | 15.4 | 12.5 | 8.2 | 1.2 | 2.0 | 7.5 | -2.2 | 7.4 | 15.6 | 7.3 | 7.9 |
| 1853 | 2.0 | -2.6 | -1.8 | 4.5 | 10.9 | 15.4 | 17.0 | 15.9 | 12.3 | 8.7 | 1.9 | -4.6 | 6.6 | 1.0 | 4.6 | 16.1 | 7.7 | 6.9 |
| 1852 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 4.5 | 11.9 | 15.4 | 18.7 | 16.5 | 12.6 | 6.9 | 6.1 | 3.8 | 8.3 | 0.7 | 5.7 | 16.9 | 8.6 | 8.7 |
| 1851 | 0.1 | -0.1 | 2.9 | 7.8 | 8.7 | 14.9 | 15.4 | 16.1 | 10.8 | 9.5 | 0.3 | -0.4 | 7.1 | 0.1 | 6.5 | 15.5 | 6.9 | 7.6 |
| By. | -0.4 | -1.1 | 1.7 | 6.4 | 11.1 | 15.7 | 16.8 | 16.5 | 12.6 | 8.8 | 1.7 | -0.5 | 7.4 | -0.6 | 6.4 | 16.4 | 7.7 | 7.7 |
1841 to 1850
| year | Month after Baur | Year Baur | Season after Baur | Year Berkeley | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | |||
| 1850 | -5.9 | 3.0 | 0.4 | 7.6 | 10.9 | 15.6 | 16.1 | 15.7 | 10.9 | 6.2 | 4.6 | 0.4 | 7.1 | -1.7 | 6.3 | 15.8 | 7.3 | 7.4 |
| 1849 | -1.5 | 2.5 | 1.9 | 6.0 | 12.7 | 15.7 | 15.8 | 14.6 | 12.3 | 8.0 | 1.7 | -2.2 | 7.3 | 0.3 | 6.9 | 15.4 | 7.4 | 7.6 |
| 1848 | -8.0 | 1.5 | 4.0 | 8.8 | 12.4 | 16.2 | 16.1 | 15.3 | 11.9 | 8.9 | 2.9 | 0.0 | 7.5 | -2.7 | 8.4 | 15.9 | 7.9 | 8.1 |
| 1847 | -3.4 | -1.6 | 1.7 | 4.8 | 13.9 | 13.4 | 17.2 | 17.2 | 10.7 | 7.1 | 3.3 | -1.5 | 6.9 | -2.7 | 6.8 | 16.0 | 7.1 | 7.5 |
| 1846 | 0.4 | 2.6 | 4.9 | 7.8 | 11.9 | 17.1 | 18.5 | 18.4 | 14.0 | 9.9 | 2.2 | -3.0 | 8.7 | 1.6 | 8.2 | 18.0 | 8.7 | 9.2 |
| 1845 | -0.9 | -5.4 | -3.7 | 7.5 | 9.3 | 16.1 | 16.8 | 14.2 | 12.1 | 8.3 | 4.5 | 2.0 | 6.7 | -3.7 | 4.4 | 15.7 | 8.3 | 7.1 |
| 1844 | -1.5 | -1.6 | 1.5 | 8.3 | 11.8 | 15.5 | 14.7 | 14.0 | 13.3 | 8.5 | 4.1 | -4.8 | 7.0 | -0.3 | 7.2 | 14.8 | 8.7 | 7.2 |
| 1843 | 0.4 | 2.4 | 1.8 | 7.0 | 10.4 | 13.3 | 15.5 | 16.7 | 12.6 | 7.9 | 3.9 | 2.4 | 7.8 | 1.3 | 6.4 | 15.2 | 8.2 | 8.3 |
| 1842 | -4.7 | -2.4 | 3.8 | 5.8 | 12.7 | 15.9 | 15.7 | 19.0 | 12.6 | 5.8 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 7.2 | -1.5 | 7.5 | 16.9 | 6.5 | 7.8 |
| 1841 | -2.4 | -3.8 | 4.2 | 8.1 | 15.1 | 14.3 | 14.9 | 15.8 | 14.2 | 9.6 | 4.0 | 2.6 | 8.0 | -4.4 | 9.2 | 15.0 | 9.3 | 8.4 |
| By. | -2.7 | -0.3 | 2.0 | 7.2 | 12.1 | 15.3 | 16.1 | 16.1 | 12.5 | 8.0 | 3.2 | -0.3 | 7.4 | -1.4 | 7.1 | 15.9 | 7.9 | 7.9 |
1831 to 1840
| year | Month after Baur | Year Baur | Season after Baur | Year Berkeley | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | |||
| 1840 | -0.6 | 0.0 | -0.5 | 8.5 | 11.6 | 14.9 | 14.7 | 15.7 | 12.5 | 6.0 | 4.9 | -7.0 | 6.7 | 0.1 | 6.6 | 15.1 | 7.8 | 7.0 |
| 1839 | -0.8 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 3.9 | 11.2 | 16.9 | 17.2 | 14.9 | 13.3 | 9.1 | 4.6 | 0.9 | 7.7 | -0.4 | 5.3 | 16.4 | 9.0 | 8.0 |
| 1838 | -8.9 | -4.2 | 2.5 | 4.8 | 11.8 | 14.9 | 16.1 | 14.5 | 13.1 | 7.6 | 2.5 | -0.8 | 6.1 | -4.4 | 6.4 | 15.2 | 7.8 | 6.4 |
| 1837 | -1.3 | -0.7 | -0.2 | 4.7 | 9.5 | 15.4 | 15.2 | 17.7 | 11.4 | 8.5 | 3.0 | 0.0 | 6.9 | -0.2 | 4.7 | 16.1 | 7.7 | 7.3 |
| 1836 | -1.4 | -0.1 | 6.3 | 6.9 | 9.8 | 15.5 | 16.3 | 15.5 | 11.7 | 8.9 | 2.8 | 1.6 | 7.8 | -1.3 | 7.7 | 15.8 | 7.8 | 8.1 |
| 1835 | 0.1 | 1.9 | 3.1 | 6.1 | 11.5 | 15.8 | 17.7 | 16.4 | 13.5 | 7.2 | -0.2 | -2.2 | 7.5 | 1.0 | 6.9 | 16.7 | 6.9 | 8.0 |
| 1834 | 3.8 | 0.4 | 3.3 | 6.0 | 14.5 | 16.9 | 19.9 | 18.2 | 15.1 | 8.6 | 3.2 | 1.0 | 9.2 | 2.9 | 8.0 | 18.4 | 9.0 | 9.5 |
| 1833 | -4.8 | 2.7 | 1.4 | 5.7 | 15.5 | 16.9 | 15.4 | 13.5 | 11.9 | 7.9 | 3.5 | 4.5 | 7.8 | -0.7 | 7.6 | 15.3 | 7.8 | 8.1 |
| 1832 | -1.9 | -0.4 | 2.4 | 7.5 | 10.4 | 14.7 | 15.4 | 17.1 | 12.0 | 8.3 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 7.3 | -0.5 | 6.8 | 15.8 | 7.5 | 7.7 |
| 1831 | -3.7 | 0.2 | 3.8 | 9.5 | 11.5 | 14.2 | 17.3 | 16.4 | 11.7 | 11.4 | 3.3 | 1.0 | 8.0 | -1.4 | 8.3 | 16.0 | 8.8 | 8.5 |
| By. | -1.9 | 0.0 | 2.3 | 6.4 | 11.8 | 15.6 | 16.5 | 16.0 | 12.6 | 8.3 | 3.0 | -0.1 | 7.5 | -0.5 | 6.8 | 16.1 | 8.0 | 7.9 |
1821 to 1830
| year | Month after Baur | Year Baur | Season after Baur | Year Berkeley | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | |||
| 1830 | -7.8 | -4.4 | 3.5 | 8.9 | 12.2 | 14.9 | 17.2 | 15.9 | 11.4 | 7.5 | 4.5 | -0.7 | 6.9 | -6.6 | 8.2 | 16.0 | 7.8 | 7.3 |
| 1829 | -5.2 | -4.0 | 1.2 | 7.2 | 11.4 | 14.3 | 16.7 | 14.6 | 12.0 | 6.6 | 0.1 | -7.6 | 5.6 | -2.5 | 6.6 | 15.2 | 6.3 | 5.9 |
| 1828 | -1.0 | -1.3 | 3.6 | 8.3 | 12.5 | 16.1 | 17.7 | 15.2 | 13.0 | 7.8 | 3.2 | 1.8 | 8.0 | 0.0 | 8.2 | 16.4 | 8.0 | 8.4 |
| 1827 | -2.3 | -5.2 | 4.0 | 9.4 | 13.7 | 16.2 | 18.2 | 15.8 | 13.3 | 9.3 | 0.6 | 2.5 | 7.9 | -1.9 | 9.1 | 16.8 | 7.8 | 8.1 |
| 1826 | -6.3 | 0.3 | 3.8 | 7.4 | 10.7 | 16.3 | 19.2 | 19.5 | 13.9 | 9.7 | 2.7 | 1.8 | 8.2 | -1.0 | 7.3 | 18.4 | 8.8 | 8.5 |
| 1825 | 1.3 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 8.7 | 12.3 | 15.0 | 16.5 | 16.2 | 13.8 | 7.9 | 4.8 | 3.0 | 8.3 | 1.8 | 7.2 | 15.9 | 8.9 | 8.7 |
| 1824 | 0.4 | 1.4 | 2.3 | 6.4 | 11.4 | 14.8 | 16.9 | 16.4 | 14.6 | 8.9 | 5.4 | 4.0 | 8.5 | 1.2 | 6.7 | 16.1 | 9.7 | 8.6 |
| 1823 | -8.1 | 0.3 | 3.2 | 6.3 | 13.0 | 14.2 | 15.4 | 17.2 | 13.3 | 8.4 | 3.5 | 1.9 | 7.4 | -3.6 | 7.5 | 15.6 | 8.4 | 7.6 |
| 1822 | 1.2 | 2.6 | 6.4 | 8.5 | 14.1 | 18.1 | 17.5 | 16.5 | 12.9 | 10.1 | 5.3 | -2.9 | 9.2 | 2.3 | 9.7 | 17.4 | 9.5 | 9.3 |
| 1821 | -0.2 | -2.0 | 2.4 | 9.8 | 11.1 | 12.5 | 14.7 | 16.2 | 13.9 | 8.4 | 5.9 | 3.2 | 8.0 | -1.4 | 7.8 | 14.5 | 9.4 | 8.2 |
| By. | -2.8 | -1.2 | 3.1 | 8.1 | 12.3 | 15.3 | 17.0 | 16.3 | 13.2 | 8.5 | 3.6 | 0.7 | 7.8 | -1.2 | 7.8 | 16.2 | 8.5 | 8.1 |
1811 to 1820
The eruption of the Indonesian volcano Tambora in April 1815 had global effects and not only in Germany in 1816 led to the year without a summer .
| year | Month after Baur | Year Baur | Season after Baur | Year Berkeley | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | |||
| 1820 | -5.2 | -0.4 | 1.2 | 9.2 | 13.3 | 13.5 | 15.3 | 18.1 | 11.8 | 7.8 | 1.0 | -2.0 | 6.9 | -2.6 | 7.9 | 15.7 | 6.9 | 7.2 |
| 1819 | 0.3 | 1.5 | 3.9 | 8.7 | 12.8 | 16.5 | 17.8 | 17.3 | 13.8 | 7.6 | 2.3 | -2.2 | 8.3 | -0.1 | 8.5 | 17.2 | 7.9 | 8.7 |
| 1818 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 3.4 | 8.1 | 10.9 | 16.4 | 17.5 | 15.6 | 12.9 | 7.8 | 4.2 | -1.9 | 8.0 | 0.0 | 7.5 | 16.5 | 8.3 | 8.3 |
| 1817 | 1.5 | 3.1 | 2.6 | 3.3 | 11.3 | 16.8 | 15.7 | 15.7 | 14.4 | 5.0 | 4.9 | -0.8 | 7.8 | 1.1 | 5.8 | 16.1 | 8.1 | 7.9 |
| 1816 | -0.7 | -2.2 | 1.8 | 7.0 | 10.2 | 13.3 | 14.7 | 14.1 | 11.7 | 7.3 | 0.9 | -1.2 | 6.4 | -1.9 | 6.4 | 14.1 | 6.7 | 6.8 |
| 1815 | -4.9 | 2.0 | 5.0 | 7.7 | 12.9 | 15.3 | 14.6 | 15.1 | 12.0 | 8.4 | 1.5 | -2.6 | 7.2 | -0.5 | 8.6 | 15.0 | 7.3 | 7.6 |
| 1814 | -4.2 | -5.9 | 0.0 | 9.1 | 9.5 | 13.3 | 17.5 | 15.6 | 10.9 | 6.5 | 3.5 | 1.6 | 6.4 | -3.6 | 6.2 | 15.5 | 7.0 | 6.8 |
| 1813 | -3.9 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 8.3 | 12.5 | 14.0 | 15.4 | 14.7 | 11.7 | 7.3 | 2.5 | -0.5 | 7.2 | -2.5 | 7.7 | 14.7 | 7.2 | 7.7 |
| 1812 | -3.6 | 0.7 | 1.8 | 5.2 | 12.4 | 14.9 | 15.0 | 15.5 | 11.8 | 9.3 | 1.0 | -5.6 | 6.5 | -0.9 | 6.5 | 15.2 | 7.4 | 6.8 |
| 1811 | -5.6 | 0.0 | 4.8 | 6.9 | 15.7 | 18.3 | 18.4 | 16.6 | 12.9 | 11.5 | 4.5 | 0.4 | 8.7 | -1.4 | 9.2 | 17.8 | 9.7 | 9.1 |
| By. | -2.6 | 0.1 | 2.6 | 7.4 | 12.2 | 15.3 | 16.2 | 15.8 | 12.4 | 7.8 | 2.6 | -1.4 | 7.3 | -1.2 | 7.4 | 15.8 | 7.7 | 7.7 |
1801 to 1810
At the end of 1808, a volcanic eruption took place at an unknown location in the tropics , which led to a global cold spell of several years.
| year | Month after Baur | Year Baur | Season after Baur | Year Berkeley | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | |||
| 1810 | -4.4 | -2.6 | 3.4 | 6.4 | 10.9 | 13.5 | 16.2 | 16.1 | 14.9 | 7.5 | 3.4 | 1.4 | 7.2 | -1.9 | 6.9 | 15.3 | 8.6 | 7.7 |
| 1809 | -3.2 | 2.3 | 1.9 | 3.6 | 13.3 | 14.6 | 16.2 | 16.6 | 12.6 | 6.4 | 1.8 | 1.3 | 7.3 | -2.0 | 6.3 | 15.8 | 7.0 | 7.9 |
| 1808 | -1.3 | -1.7 | -2.1 | 4.9 | 14.3 | 14.8 | 18.5 | 18.1 | 13.2 | 6.2 | 2.2 | -4.9 | 6.8 | -1.1 | 5.7 | 17.2 | 7.2 | 7.3 |
| 1807 | -1.2 | 1.2 | -0.4 | 5.8 | 13.2 | 14.5 | 18.4 | 20.7 | 11.4 | 9.2 | 3.8 | -0.2 | 8.0 | 1.4 | 6.2 | 17.9 | 8.2 | 8.5 |
| 1806 | 1.9 | 1.4 | 2.6 | 4.5 | 14.0 | 14.4 | 15.8 | 15.9 | 13.5 | 7.5 | 4.9 | 4.2 | 8.4 | 1.0 | 7.1 | 15.4 | 8.7 | 8.9 |
| 1805 | -4.6 | -1.6 | 1.4 | 5.3 | 9.6 | 13.3 | 14.9 | 14.8 | 13.3 | 4.3 | 0.0 | -0.2 | 5.8 | -3.5 | 5.5 | 14.4 | 5.9 | 6.5 |
| 1804 | 2.2 | -1.8 | -0.2 | 6.4 | 13.3 | 15.6 | 16.6 | 15.8 | 14.1 | 8.3 | 0.9 | -4.2 | 7.2 | 0.1 | 6.5 | 16.0 | 7.8 | 7.8 |
| 1803 | -6.4 | -4.1 | 1.8 | 9.7 | 9.7 | 14.3 | 18.1 | 17.4 | 10.7 | 7.3 | 3.5 | 0.0 | 6.8 | -3.2 | 7.1 | 16.6 | 7.2 | 7.4 |
| 1802 | -4.1 | -0.6 | 3.2 | 7.9 | 10.9 | 15.6 | 15.5 | 18.5 | 13.3 | 10.6 | 3.8 | 0.9 | 7.9 | -1.4 | 7.4 | 16.6 | 9.3 | 8.3 |
| 1801 | 0.4 | -1.1 | 4.5 | 7.6 | 14.1 | 13.9 | 16.1 | 16.0 | 14.2 | 9.6 | 3.4 | 0.5 | 8.2 | -0.5 | 8.8 | 15.4 | 9.1 | 8.8 |
| By. | -2.1 | -0.9 | 1.6 | 6.2 | 12.4 | 14.5 | 16.6 | 17.0 | 13.1 | 7.7 | 2.8 | -0.1 | 7.4 | -1.1 | 6.7 | 16.1 | 7.9 | 7.9 |
1791 to 1800
| year | Month after Baur | Year Baur | Season after Baur | Year Berkeley | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | |||
| 1800 | -1.7 | -2.4 | -1.2 | 12.0 | 14.6 | 12.9 | 15.7 | 17.6 | 13.9 | 7.5 | 4.6 | -0.6 | 7.7 | -3.1 | 8.5 | 15.4 | 8.7 | 8.1 |
| 1799 | -5.9 | -2.5 | 0.8 | 5.3 | 10.3 | 13.8 | 15.7 | 16.4 | 12.5 | 7.7 | 3.3 | -5.2 | 6.0 | -4.3 | 5.5 | 15.3 | 7.9 | 6.3 |
| 1798 | -0.1 | 1.5 | 2.7 | 8.7 | 13.3 | 16.6 | 17.0 | 17.5 | 14.3 | 8.3 | 2.7 | -4.4 | 8.1 | 1.0 | 8.3 | 17.1 | 8.5 | 8.5 |
| 1797 | -0.1 | 0.5 | 1.9 | 8.9 | 14.1 | 14.5 | 18.7 | 17.9 | 14.1 | 8.5 | 3.2 | 1.6 | 8.6 | -0.8 | 8.3 | 17.1 | 8.6 | 9.0 |
| 1796 | 4.2 | 1.1 | 0.0 | 6.9 | 12.9 | 15.2 | 16.6 | 17.4 | 14.9 | 7.9 | 2.6 | -2.8 | 8.0 | 2.7 | 6.6 | 16.4 | 8.5 | 8.2 |
| 1795 | -8.3 | -1.1 | 1.8 | 9.5 | 11.2 | 16.5 | 14.9 | 16.8 | 14.4 | 11.5 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 7.7 | -4.1 | 7.5 | 16.1 | 9.5 | 8.0 |
| 1794 | -0.8 | 2.8 | 5.8 | 10.9 | 12.4 | 16.5 | 19.7 | 15.9 | 11.6 | 7.9 | 3.9 | -2.8 | 8.6 | 1.2 | 9.7 | 17.4 | 7.8 | 9.1 |
| 1793 | -2.7 | 1.8 | 2.4 | 5.5 | 10.9 | 13.8 | 18.4 | 17.1 | 12.1 | 9.7 | 3.5 | 1.8 | 7.8 | -0.1 | 6.3 | 16.5 | 8.5 | 8.4 |
| 1792 | -0.9 | -1.5 | 3.2 | 8.8 | 11.1 | 15.5 | 17.4 | 17.2 | 11.8 | 7.5 | 2.6 | 0.6 | 7.7 | -0.7 | 7.7 | 16.7 | 7.3 | 8.2 |
| 1791 | 2.2 | 0.7 | 3.8 | 9.3 | 11.3 | 14.9 | 16.6 | 17.7 | 12.2 | 7.9 | 1.6 | 0.3 | 8.2 | 1.4 | 8.2 | 16.4 | 7.3 | 8.6 |
| By. | -1.4 | 0.1 | 2.1 | 8.6 | 12.2 | 15.1 | 17.1 | 17.1 | 13.2 | 8.4 | 3.1 | -0.8 | 7.9 | -0.7 | 7.7 | 16.5 | 8.3 | 8.2 |
1781 to 1790
This decade was marked by the northern hemisphere's cooling eruption of the Laki crater in Iceland, which began on June 8, 1783 and lasted about 8 months. The winter of 1783/84 is not only one of the hardest winters in Europe and the following years were colder than before and after.
| year | Month after Baur | Year Baur | Season after Baur | Year Berkeley | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | |||
| 1790 | 0.1 | 2.6 | 3.7 | 5.5 | 13.8 | 16.0 | 15.3 | 16.3 | 11.9 | 7.9 | 2.1 | 1.4 | 8.0 | 1.4 | 7.7 | 15.9 | 7.3 | 8.3 |
| 1789 | -4.0 | 1.7 | -1.7 | 7.4 | 14.2 | 14.6 | 16.6 | 16.6 | 13.3 | 8.0 | 2.7 | 1.5 | 7.5 | -4.1 | 6.7 | 16.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 |
| 1788 | 0.5 | -0.1 | 2.2 | 7.6 | 12.9 | 16.8 | 18.7 | 15.5 | 14.4 | 7.8 | 1.2 | -9.8 | 7.3 | 0.8 | 7.6 | 17.0 | 7.8 | 7.8 |
| 1787 | -2.8 | 1.2 | 4.2 | 6.0 | 10.4 | 16.1 | 16.1 | 16.6 | 12.6 | 9.7 | 3.5 | 2.2 | 8.0 | -0.6 | 6.9 | 16.3 | 8.6 | 8.4 |
| 1786 | -1.0 | -0.1 | 0.2 | 8.7 | 11.2 | 16.4 | 14.9 | 15.2 | 11.7 | 5.8 | -0.3 | -0.2 | 6.8 | -0.6 | 6.7 | 15.5 | 5.8 | 7.0 |
| 1785 | -2.1 | -3.0 | -3.7 | 4.3 | 11.5 | 14.6 | 16.1 | 15.6 | 14.9 | 7.8 | 3.7 | -0.5 | 6.6 | -2.2 | 4.1 | 15.5 | 8.8 | 6.8 |
| 1784 | -6.1 | -3.5 | 1.0 | 4.8 | 14.1 | 16.1 | 16.9 | 16.1 | 14.6 | 5.1 | 4.0 | -1.5 | 6.8 | -4.2 | 6.7 | 16.4 | 7.9 | 6.9 |
| 1783 | 1.7 | 3.0 | 1.7 | 8.3 | 13.1 | 16.9 | 19.1 | 17.5 | 14.3 | 9.3 | 3.3 | -3.0 | 8.7 | 1.2 | 7.7 | 17.9 | 9.0 | 8.9 |
| 1782 | 1.3 | -4.2 | 2.0 | 6.2 | 11.6 | 16.8 | 18.4 | 16.5 | 13.7 | 6.5 | 0.4 | -0.9 | 7.3 | -1.0 | 6.6 | 17.3 | 6.9 | 7.6 |
| 1781 | -2.3 | 0.7 | 4.1 | 9.1 | 13.2 | 17.6 | 17.6 | 19.1 | 14.8 | 7.7 | 4.0 | 0.0 | 8.8 | -1.2 | 8.8 | 18.1 | 8.9 | 9.2 |
| By. | -1.5 | -0.2 | 1.3 | 6.8 | 12.6 | 16.2 | 17.0 | 16.5 | 13.6 | 7.6 | 2.5 | -1.0 | 7.6 | -1.0 | 7.0 | 16.6 | 7.9 | 7.9 |
1771 to 1780
| year | Month after Baur | Year Baur | Season after Baur | Year Berkeley | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | |||
| 1780 | -3.8 | -3.0 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 12.9 | 15.1 | 16.7 | 17.9 | 13.1 | 9.4 | 3.0 | -2.0 | 7.5 | -1.4 | 8.2 | 16.6 | 8.5 | 8.1 |
| 1779 | -3.9 | 2.8 | 4.8 | 10.0 | 13.5 | 14.8 | 16.9 | 17.9 | 14.8 | 10.4 | 4.1 | 2.8 | 9.0 | 0.8 | 9.5 | 16.6 | 9.8 | 9.5 |
| 1778 | -1.6 | -1.9 | 2.8 | 9.0 | 13.0 | 15.8 | 19.0 | 17.7 | 11.7 | 6.9 | 4.4 | 3.7 | 8.3 | -1.6 | 8.3 | 17.5 | 7.7 | 8.7 |
| 1777 | -3.1 | -2.6 | 3.3 | 5.1 | 12.0 | 14.7 | 15.7 | 16.8 | 12.3 | 8.3 | 4.3 | -1.3 | 7.1 | -2.4 | 6.8 | 15.8 | 8.3 | 7.7 |
| 1776 | -7.9 | 1.3 | 4.0 | 7.1 | 10.1 | 15.5 | 17.5 | 16.7 | 12.2 | 7.5 | 2.5 | -1.4 | 7.1 | -2.3 | 7.1 | 16.6 | 7.4 | 7.7 |
| 1775 | -1.4 | 2.9 | 4.2 | 6.3 | 10.6 | 17.6 | 17.3 | 17.8 | 14.7 | 8.8 | 2.0 | -0.3 | 8.3 | -0.3 | 7.1 | 17.6 | 8.5 | 8.9 |
| 1774 | -1.4 | 0.9 | 5.1 | 8.8 | 12.1 | 16.3 | 16.3 | 16.7 | 11.9 | 8.0 | -0.6 | -2.2 | 7.6 | 0.5 | 8.7 | 16.5 | 6.5 | 7.8 |
| 1773 | 1.1 | -2.2 | 2.5 | 7.4 | 12.7 | 15.0 | 15.9 | 16.9 | 13.7 | 9.9 | 3.7 | 2.2 | 8.2 | -0.1 | 7.6 | 16.0 | 9.1 | 8.6 |
| 1772 | -1.8 | 0.8 | 3.6 | 6.2 | 10.0 | 16.8 | 16.5 | 16.4 | 14.2 | 10.6 | 5.5 | 1.0 | 8.3 | 0.1 | 6.6 | 16.6 | 10.1 | 8.6 |
| 1771 | -2.4 | -2.5 | -0.5 | 3.5 | 14.2 | 15.0 | 16.4 | 15.0 | 12.8 | 8.6 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 6.9 | -1.1 | 5.8 | 15.5 | 7.8 | 7.1 |
| By. | -2.6 | -0.4 | 3.5 | 6.9 | 12.1 | 15.7 | 16.8 | 17.0 | 13.1 | 8.8 | 3.1 | 0.4 | 7.8 | -0.8 | 7.6 | 16.5 | 8.4 | 8.3 |
1761 to 1770
| year | Month after Baur | Year Baur | Season after Baur | Year Berkeley | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | |||
| 1770 | -1.6 | -0.5 | 0.0 | 4.9 | 11.7 | 14.6 | 16.0 | 17.0 | 14.6 | 8.1 | 3.6 | 1.8 | 7.5 | -0.5 | 5.6 | 15.9 | 8.8 | 7.8 |
| 1769 | -0.3 | -0.3 | 2.4 | 7.7 | 11.6 | 14.4 | 16.7 | 15.8 | 13.3 | 4.6 | 3.8 | 0.6 | 7.5 | -0.1 | 7.3 | 15.7 | 7.3 | 7.8 |
| 1768 | -5.0 | -0.3 | 1.1 | 7.1 | 11.9 | 15.4 | 17.1 | 16.4 | 11.6 | 7.7 | 4.1 | 0.3 | 7.3 | -2.6 | 6.7 | 16.3 | 7.8 | 7.4 |
| 1767 | -7.2 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 5.6 | 10.4 | 14.1 | 16.3 | 16.9 | 13.4 | 8.5 | 5.6 | -2.3 | 7.2 | -2.0 | 6.3 | 15.8 | 9.2 | 7.4 |
| 1766 | -4.3 | -1.7 | 3.0 | 9.1 | 12.8 | 15.7 | 16.3 | 16.5 | 13.5 | 7.9 | 3.2 | -1.3 | 7.5 | -2.5 | 8.3 | 16.2 | 8.2 | 7.9 |
| 1765 | 0.4 | -3.5 | 4.7 | 7.9 | 10.7 | 15.9 | 15.1 | 16.9 | 12.1 | 9.0 | 2.7 | -1.3 | 7.5 | -1.4 | 7.8 | 16.0 | 8.0 | 7.9 |
| 1764 | 2.1 | 2.6 | 1.6 | 6.5 | 13.8 | 15.8 | 18.3 | 15.2 | 10.9 | 6.5 | 2.3 | -0.9 | 7.9 | 2.2 | 7.3 | 16.5 | 6.6 | 8.2 |
| 1763 | -6.7 | 2.1 | 1.5 | 6.5 | 10.6 | 15.5 | 17.0 | 17.4 | 11.7 | 6.4 | 3.0 | 2.1 | 7.2 | -2.7 | 6.2 | 16.7 | 7.1 | 7.7 |
| 1762 | 0.4 | -0.6 | 0.1 | 9.6 | 12.9 | 15.7 | 17.3 | 14.9 | 12.6 | 5.9 | 2.0 | -3.3 | 7.3 | -1.2 | 7.6 | 16.0 | 6.9 | 7.8 |
| 1761 | -1.6 | 1.7 | 5.0 | 7.1 | 13.3 | 16.6 | 16.2 | 17.7 | 14.2 | 6.1 | 3.0 | -3.3 | 8.0 | -0.3 | 8.5 | 16.9 | 7.8 | 8.6 |
| By. | -2.4 | 0.2 | 2.2 | 7.2 | 12.0 | 15.4 | 16.6 | 16.5 | 12.8 | 7.1 | 3.3 | -0.7 | 7.5 | -1.1 | 7.2 | 16.2 | 7.8 | 7.9 |
1743 to 1760, Berkeley series
1743 to 1760, Berkeley series:
The absolute monthly and annual mean temperature in Germany according to Berkeley was determined in the period from January to December using the table on page:
| year | Month after Berkeley | Year Berkeley | Season to Berkeley | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | ||
| 1760 | -2.8 | -0.9 | 2.1 | 8.2 | 12.8 | 16.9 | 17.7 | 16.8 | 14.6 | 8.6 | 3.8 | 2.9 | 8.4 | -2.3 | 7.7 | 17.1 | 9.0 |
| 1759 | 1.4 | 2.1 | 4.3 | 7.7 | 11.6 | 16.7 | 19.5 | 17.5 | 13.5 | 9.3 | 0.5 | -3.1 | 8.4 | 1.4 | 7.8 | 17.9 | 7.8 |
| 1758 | -4.6 | -0.5 | 3.3 | 6.3 | 13.9 | 16.7 | 15.5 | 17.1 | 11.8 | 6.5 | 3.93 | 0.6 | 7.5 | -2.1 | 7.8 | 16.5 | 7.2 |
| 1757 | -3.0 | 0.7 | 3.6 | 8.6 | 12.2 | 17.3 | 20.9 | 17.4 | 12.2 | 4.5 | 4.2 | -1.3 | 8.1 | -1.5 | 8.1 | 18.6 | 7.0 |
| 1756 | 1.7 | 2.2 | 4.0 | 6.5 | 11.6 | 18.0 | 18.4 | 16.2 | 14.6 | 8.3 | 1.6 | -2.1 | 8.4 | 1.7 | 7.3 | 17.5 | 8.2 |
| 1755 | -6.0 | -4.7 | 2.3 | 10.5 | 12.2 | 18.0 | 17.6 | 15.7 | 12.4 | 7.8 | 3.4 | 1.2 | 7.5 | -3.4 | 8.3 | 17.1 | 7.9 |
| 1754 | -1.7 | -1.7 | 0.3 | 6.9 | 13.3 | 15.8 | 16.1 | 16.9 | 13.0 | 9.5 | 4.3 | 0.4 | 7.8 | -1.5 | 6.8 | 16.3 | 8.9 |
| 1753 | -3.2 | -0.4 | 4.9 | 8.1 | 12.4 | 16.8 | 17.7 | 16.0 | 13.9 | 9.0 | 2.3 | -1.2 | 8.0 | -0.7 | 8.5 | 16.8 | 8.4 |
| 1752 | -1.1 | 4.3 | 7.3 | 8.4 | 4.9 | 1.6 | |||||||||||
| 1751 | -1.1 | -2.5 | 5.1 | 6.4 | 16.2 | 17.5 | 17.5 | 12.5 | -1.3 | 17.0 | |||||||
| 1750 | -0.4 | 3.3 | 6.4 | 8.0 | 12.2 | 15.5 | 18.5 | 16.8 | 13.4 | 6.1 | -0.2 | 8.8 | 16.9 | ||||
| No monthly values are available from 1746 to 1749 | |||||||||||||||||
| 1745 | -2.5 | -1.6 | 2.0 | 6.8 | |||||||||||||
| 1744 | 8.4 | 11.5 | 14.3 | 16.3 | 13.1 | 8.6 | 4.2 | 0.1 | 8.6 | ||||||||
| 1743 | 5.5 | ||||||||||||||||
| By. | -1.9 | -0.4 | 3.7 | 7.7 | 12.4 | 16.6 | 17.8 | 16.8 | 13.2 | 7.9 | 3.5 | -0.1 | 8.0 | -1.1 | 7.9 | 17.2 | 8.1 |
Ten-year periods (10-year average temperature values)
The maximum and minimum were marked back to 1881 (beginning of the temperature time series of the DWD) with two places after a comma. These cells are highlighted in red with the largest value and blue with the smallest value.
| year | month | year | season | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | |||
| 2011-2020 | 1.41 | 1.6 | 5.0 | 9.5 | 13.1 | 16.87 | 18.5 | 1.92 | 9.18 | |||||||||
| 2010-2019 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 4.8 | 9.3 | 13.0 | 16.8 | 18.79 | 18.1 | 14.1 | 9.83 | 5.2 | 2.70 | 9.54 | 1.4 | 9.0 | 17.91 | 9.7 | |
| 2009-2018 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 4.6 | 9.5 | 13.2 | 16.3 | 18.7 | 18.1 | 14.2 | 9.6 | 5.5 | 2.35 | 9.43 | 1.1 | 9.1 | 17.71 | 9.73 | |
| 2008-2017 | 0.4 | 1.3 | 4.8 | 9.0 | 13.1 | 16.2 | 18.5 | 17.8 | 13.9 | 9.4 | 5.4 | 2.1 | 9.33 | 1.2 | 9.0 | 17.5 | 9.6 | |
| 2007-2016 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 4.7 | 9.5 | 13.1 | 16.2 | 18.4 | 17.7 | 13.9 | 9.1 | 5.3 | 2.0 | 9.35 | 1.6 | 9.1 | 17.4 | 9.4 | |
| 2006-2015 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 4.4 | 9.5 | 13.0 | 16.2 | 18.7 | 17.5 | 13.9 | 9.5 | 5.63 | 2.2 | 9.36 | 1.3 | 9.0 | 17.5 | 9.7 | |
| 2005-2014 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 4.3 | 9.55 | 13.1 | 16.2 | 18.6 | 17.1 | 14.1 | 9.7 | 5.3 | 1.6 | 9.26 | 1.0 | 9.0 | 17.3 | 9.7 | |
| 2004-2013 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 4.0 | 9.4 | 13.0 | 16.2 | 18.3 | 17.3 | 14.0 | 9.6 | 5.1 | 1.5 | 9.13 | 0.8 | 8.8 | 17.3 | 9.5 | |
| 2003-2012 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 4.5 | 9.5 | 13.2 | 16.5 | 18.3 | 17.6 | 14.1 | 9.1 | 5.2 | 1.3 | 9.20 | 0.7 | 9.1 | 17.5 | 9.5 | |
| 2002-2011 | 0.4 | 1.3 | 4.4 | 9.4 | 13.2 | 16.7 | 18.3 | 17.6 | 14.0 | 9.1 | 5.2 | 1.2 | 9.24 | 0.8 | 8.9 | 17.6 | 9.4 | |
| year | month | year | season | |||||||||||||||
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | |||
| 2001-2010 | 0.4 | 1.4 | 4.3 | 9.0 | 13.2 | 16.5 | 18.6 | 17.7 | 13.7 | 9.4 | 5.2 | 0.8 | 9.18 | 1.1 | 8.9 | 17.6 | 9.4 | |
| 2000-2009 | 0.8 | 1.9 | 4.4 | 9.1 | 13.66 | 16.6 | 18.1 | 17.8 | 13.8 | 9.6 | 5.3 | 1.4 | 9.38 | 1.4 | 9.1 | 17.5 | 9.6 | |
| 1999-2008 | 1.32 | 1.8 | 4.5 | 8.9 | 13.67 | 16.6 | 18.2 | 17.7 | 14.0 | 9.7 | 4.9 | 1.6 | 9.42 | 1.6 | 9.0 | 17.0 | 9.5 | |
| 1998-2007 | 1.2 | 1.9 | 4.6 | 9.0 | 13.6 | 16.6 | 18.0 | 17.6 | 14.1 | 9.7 | 4.6 | 1.6 | 9.37 | 1.6 | 9.1 | 17.4 | 9.4 | |
| 1997-2006 | 0.5 | 1.9 | 4.6 | 8.5 | 13.5 | 16.4 | 18.0 | 17.9 | 14.2 | 9.6 | 4.6 | 1.7 | 9.28 | 1.1 | 8.8 | 17.4 | 9.5 | |
| 1996-2005 | 0.4 | 1.7 | 4.5 | 8.5 | 13.3 | 16.3 | 17.4 | 18.1 | 13.6 | 9.3 | 4.3 | 1.0 | 9.04 | 1.0 | 8.8 | 17.2 | 9.1 | |
| 1995-2004 | 0.2 | 2.30 | 4.5 | 8.4 | 13.2 | 16.1 | 17.6 | 18.31 | 13.4 | 9.4 | 4.2 | 0.7 | 9.03 | 1.2 | 8.7 | 17.3 | 9.0 | |
| 1994-2003 | 0.6 | 2.0 | 4.7 | 8.3 | 13.3 | 16.2 | 18.1 | 18.25 | 13.3 | 9.1 | 4.5 | 1.0 | 9.11 | 1.2 | 8.8 | 17.5 | 9.0 | |
| 1993-2002 | 0.8 | 2.2 | 4.5 | 8.5 | 13.4 | 15.8 | 17.7 | 17.8 | 13.2 | 9.3 | 4.0 | 1.1 | 9.02 | 1.4 | 8.8 | 17.1 | 8.8 | |
| 1992-2001 | 0.8 | 1.9 | 4.5 | 8.4 | 13.5 | 15.8 | 17.8 | 17.8 | 13.2 | 9.1 | 3.9 | 1.2 | 9.00 | 1.3 | 8.8 | 17.1 | 8.8 | |
| year | month | year | season | |||||||||||||||
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | |||
| 1991-2000 | 0.9 | 1.5 | 4.7 | 8.4 | 13.0 | 15.7 | 17.9 | 17.7 | 13.5 | 8.7 | 4.0 | 1.3 | 8.93 | 1.1 | 8.7 | 17.1 | 8.7 | |
| 1990-1999 | 1.0 | 1.6 | 4.8 | 8.2 | 12.9 | 15.5 | 18.0 | 17.8 | 13.3 | 8.7 | 3.8 | 1.1 | 8.90 | 1.3 | 8.6 | 17.1 | 8.6 | |
| 1989-1998 | 1.0 | 1.9 | 5.01 | 8.0 | 12.9 | 15.5 | 17.9 | 17.8 | 13.0 | 8.8 | 3.7 | 1.1 | 8.89 | 1.4 | 8.6 | 17.1 | 8.5 | |
| 1988-1997 | 1.1 | 1.7 | 4.8 | 7.9 | 12.9 | 15.4 | 18.0 | 17.8 | 13.0 | 8.9 | 3.9 | 1.3 | 8.89 | 1.4 | 8.5 | 17.1 | 8.6 | |
| 1987-1996 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 4.2 | 8.2 | 12.6 | 15.2 | 18.0 | 17.4 | 13.1 | 9.1 | 3.9 | 1.3 | 8.75 | 1.3 | 8.3 | 16.8 | 8.7 | |
| 1986-1995 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 4.4 | 7.9 | 12.9 | 15.2 | 18.0 | 17.3 | 13.1 | 9.1 | 4.1 | 1.8 | 8.82 | 1.4 | 8.4 | 16.9 | 8.8 | |
| 1985-1994 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 4.3 | 7.9 | 13.0 | 15.1 | 18.1 | 17.1 | 13.2 | 8.8 | 3.9 | 2.3 | 8.67 | 0.9 | 8.4 | 16.7 | 8.6 | |
| 1984-1993 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 3.9 | 7.7 | 12.9 | 14.9 | 17.8 | 17.0 | 13.1 | 9.1 | 3.6 | 2.1 | 8.50 | 0.7 | 8.2 | 16.4 | 8.6 | |
| 1983-1992 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 4.0 | 7.6 | 12.5 | 15.0 | 17.2 | 17.2 | 13.3 | 9.2 | 3.9 | 1.8 | 8.56 | 0.8 | 8.0 | 16.6 | 8.8 | |
| 1982-1991 | 0.1 | -0.3 | 3.9 | 7.4 | 12.3 | 14.9 | 17.7 | 17.1 | 13.5 | 9.5 | 4.0 | 1.9 | 8.51 | 0.5 | 7.9 | 16.5 | 9.0 | |
| year | month | year | season | |||||||||||||||
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | |||
| 1981-1990 | -0.2 | -0.1 | 4.0 | 7.5 | 12.7 | 15.0 | 17.4 | 16.9 | 13.4 | 9.5 | 4.1 | 1.6 | 8.49 | 0.4 | 8.0 | 16.5 | 9.0 | |
| 1980-1989 | -0.7 | -0.5 | 3.6 | 7.4 | 12.4 | 15.0 | 17.3 | 16.7 | 13.6 | 9.3 | 3.9 | 1.6 | 8.31 | 0.2 | 7.8 | 16.3 | 9.0 | |
| 1979-1988 | -1.4 | -1.0 | 3.3 | 7.3 | 12.2 | 15.1 | 17.0 | 16.6 | 13.5 | 9.1 | 4.0 | 1.8 | 8.13 | -0.3 | 7.6 | 16.2 | 8.9 | |
| 1978-1987 | -1.6 | -1.3 | 3.5 | 7.1 | 12.0 | 15.1 | 16.9 | 16.4 | 13.4 | 9.1 | 4.1 | 1.4 | 8.00 | -0.5 | 7.5 | 16.1 | 8.9 | |
| 1977-1986 | -1.0 | -1.0 | 4.1 | 6.6 | 12.2 | 15.2 | 16.8 | 16.4 | 13.1 | 9.1 | 4.2 | 1.4 | 8.13 | -0.3 | 7.7 | 16.2 | 8.8 | |
| 1976-1985 | -0.9 | -0.3 | 4.0 | 6.9 | 12.0 | 15.4 | 17.1 | 16.4 | 13.3 | 9.1 | 4.1 | 1.1 | 8.18 | -0.1 | 7.6 | 16.3 | 8.8 | |
| 1975-1984 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 4.0 | 6.8 | 11.9 | 15.5 | 17.1 | 16.7 | 13.5 | 9.0 | 4.3 | 0.9 | 8.33 | 0.5 | 7.6 | 16.5 | 8.9 | |
| 1974-1983 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 4.4 | 6.9 | 11.9 | 15.5 | 17.1 | 16.7 | 13.6 | 8.5 | 4.3 | 1.3 | 8.42 | 0.7 | 7.7 | 16.4 | 8.8 | |
| 1973-1982 | -0.1 | 0.7 | 4.3 | 6.56 | 12.0 | 15.5 | 16.8 | 16.7 | 13.6 | 8.3 | 4.3 | 1.2 | 8.33 | 0.6 | 7.6 | 16.3 | 8.7 | |
| 1972-1981 | -0.1 | 1.0 | 4.5 | 6.6 | 11.9 | 15.4 | 16.6 | 16.5 | 13.1 | 8.1 | 4.1 | 1.1 | 8.23 | 0.8 | 7.7 | 16.2 | 8.4 | |
| year | month | year | season | |||||||||||||||
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | |||
| 1971-1980 | -0.0 | 1.1 | 3.9 | 6.7 | 12.0 | 15.2 | 16.8 | 16.7 | 12.9 | 8.1 | 4.0 | 1.6 | 8.25 | 0.9 | 7.5 | 16.2 | 8.3 | |
| 1970-1979 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 3.7 | 6.6 | 12.0 | 15.5 | 16.9 | 16.7 | 12.8 | 8.2 | 4.3 | 1.6 | 8.26 | 0.5 | 7.4 | 16.3 | 8.4 | |
| 1969-1988 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 3.4 | 6.7 | 12.1 | 15.3 | 17.2 | 16.8 | 12.9 | 8.4 | 4.4 | 0.8 | 8.26 | 0.6 | 7.4 | 16.4 | 8.6 | |
| 1968-1977 | 0.3 | 1.0 | 3.3 | 6.9 | 12.0 | 15.4 | 17.3 | 16.9 | 13.0 | 8.5 | 4.4 | 0.5 | 8.30 | 0.5 | 7.4 | 16.5 | 8.6 | |
| 1967-1976 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 3.3 | 7.0 | 12.1 | 15.3 | 17.5 | 16.9 | 13.2 | 8.6 | 4.2 | 0.4 | 8.32 | 0.6 | 7.5 | 16.6 | 8.7 | |
| 1966-1975 | -0.1 | 1.3 | 3.4 | 7.2 | 12.1 | 15.3 | 17.1 | 16.9 | 13.3 | 8.7 | 4.0 | 0.7 | 8.33 | 0.7 | 7.6 | 16.4 | 8.7 | |
| 1965-1974 | -0.4 | 0.9 | 3.3 | 7.2 | 12.1 | 15.4 | 16.8 | 16.5 | 13.0 | 8.8 | 3.8 | 0.8 | 8.18 | 0.3 | 7.5 | 16.2 | 8.5 | |
| 1964-1973 | -1.0 | 0.7 | 2.8 | 7.2 | 12.3 | 15.6 | 17.1 | 16.4 | 13.0 | 8.9 | 3.8 | 0.4 | 8.11 | -0.1 | 7.5 | 16.4 | 8.6 | |
| 1963-1972 | -1.7 | 0.0 | 2.7 | 7.6 | 12.3 | 15.6 | 17.1 | 16.2 | 13.0 | 9.0 | 4.2 | 0.0 | 8.00 | -0.7 | 7.5 | 16.3 | 8.7 | |
| 1962-1971 | -1.3 | -0.2 | 2.2 | 7.6 | 12.1 | 15.6 | 16.9 | 16.2 | 13.2 | 9.2 | 4.0 | -0.4 | 7.94 | -0.8 | 7.3 | 16.2 | 8.8 | |
| year | month | year | season | |||||||||||||||
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | |||
| 1961-1970 | -1.3 | 0.1 | 2.7 | 7.9 | 11.7 | 15.8 | 16.6 | 16.0 | 13.6 | 9.4 | 4.1 | -0.79 | 7.99 | -0.6 | 7.4 | 16.1 | 9.0 | |
| 1960-1969 | -1.0 | 0.3 | 3.2 | 8.1 | 11.9 | 15.7 | 16.5 | 15.9 | 13.5 | 9.4 | 4.1 | -0.7 | 8.06 | -0.3 | 7.7 | 16.0 | 9.0 | |
| 1959-1968 | -1.1 | 0.5 | 3.7 | 8.3 | 11.9 | 15.8 | 16.6 | 16.0 | 13.5 | 9.3 | 3.9 | 0.0 | 8.18 | -0.1 | 7.9 | 16.1 | 8.9 | |
| 1958-1967 | -1.0 | 0.6 | 3.2 | 8.0 | 12.1 | 15.7 | 16.7 | 16.0 | 13.6 | 9.2 | 4.0 | 0.4 | 8.19 | 0.0 | 7.7 | 16.1 | 8.9 | |
| 1957-1966 | -1.1 | 0.7 | 3.3 | 8.1 | 11.8 | 15.9 | 16.6 | 15.9 | 13.4 | 9.0 | 4.0 | 0.4 | 8.16 | 0.0 | 7.7 | 16.1 | 8.8 | |
| 1956-1965 | -0.8 | -0.6 | 3.3 | 7.7 | 11.8 | 15.5 | 16.7 | 15.74 | 13.5 | 8.7 | 4.1 | 0.4 | 7.99 | -0.3 | 7.5 | 16.0 | 8.7 | |
| 1955-1964 | -1.1 | -0.6 | 3.1 | 7.8 | 11.7 | 15.4 | 16.9 | 15.9 | 13.5 | 8.7 | 4.3 | 0.4 | 8.00 | -0.3 | 7.5 | 16.1 | 8.8 | |
| 1954-1963 | -1.1 | -1.1 | 3.5 | 7.5 | 11.5 | 15.3 | 16.6 | 15.9 | 13.5 | 9.0 | 4.2 | 0.7 | 7.96 | -0.3 | 7.4 | 15.9 | 8.9 | |
| 1953-1962 | -0.5 | -0.5 | 3.7 | 7.5 | 11.7 | 15.4 | 16.6 | 16.0 | 13.5 | 9.2 | 4.0 | 1.3 | 8.14 | 0.2 | 7.6 | 16.0 | 8.9 | |
| 1952-1961 | -0.6 | -0.5 | 4.0 | 7.7 | 11.9 | 15.5 | 16.9 | 16.2 | 13.3 | 9.0 | 3.9 | 1.5 | 8.22 | 0.3 | 7.8 | 16.2 | 8.7 | |
| year | month | year | season | |||||||||||||||
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | |||
| 1951-1960 | -0.4 | -0.8 | 3.6 | 7.4 | 12.0 | 15.4 | 17.1 | 16.3 | 13.1 | 8.7 | 4.1 | 1.9 | 8.20 | 0.1 | 7.6 | 16.3 | 8.7 | |
| 1950-1959 | -0.5 | -0.5 | 3.4 | 7.4 | 12.1 | 15.5 | 17.3 | 16.5 | 13.2 | 8.6 | 4.0 | 1.5 | 8.22 | 0.2 | 7.7 | 16.4 | 8.6 | |
| 1949-1958 | -0.4 | -0.3 | 3.0 | 7.4 | 12.1 | 15.3 | 17.2 | 16.4 | 13.5 | 8.8 | 4.0 | 1.6 | 8.23 | 0.3 | 7.5 | 16.3 | 8.7 | |
| 1948-1957 | 0.0 | -0.5 | 3.6 | 7.9 | 12.1 | 15.4 | 17.1 | 16.4 | 13.4 | 8.7 | 4.0 | 1.5 | 8.32 | 0.4 | 7.9 | 16.3 | 8.7 | |
| 1947-1956 | -0.5 | -1.5 | 3.2 | 8.1 | 12.6 | 15.5 | 17.2 | 16.8 | 13.9 | 8.6 | 4.1 | 1.6 | 8.31 | -0.3 | 8.0 | 16.5 | 8.9 | |
| 1946-1955 | -0.7 | -0.3 | 3.3 | 8.6 | 12.8 | 15.7 | 17.4 | 17.0 | 13.9 | 8.5 | 4.2 | 1.1 | 8.47 | 0.0 | 8.2 | 16.7 | 8.9 | |
| 1945-1954 | -1.0 | 0.3 | 3.9 | 8.8 | 13.1 | 15.9 | 17.4 | 16.9 | 14.0 | 8.6 | 4.2 | 1.0 | 8.61 | 0.0 | 8.6 | 16.7 | 8.9 | |
| 1944-1953 | -0.3 | 0.5 | 3.5 | 9.1 | 13.1 | 15.7 | 17.7 | 17.3 | 13.9 | 8.5 | 4.2 | 0.6 | 8.67 | 0.2 | 8.6 | 16.9 | 8.9 | |
| 1943-1952 | -0.3 | 0.8 | 3.6 | 9.1 | 13.0 | 15.5 | 17.7 | 17.5 | 13.9 | 8.5 | 4.0 | 0.4 | 8.67 | 0.4 | 8.6 | 16.9 | 8.8 | |
| 1942-1951 | -1.1 | 0.3 | 3.5 | 8.8 | 13.0 | 15.5 | 17.5 | 17.4 | 14.39 | 8.8 | 4.2 | 0.7 | 8.60 | -0.1 | 8.5 | 16.8 | 9.1 | |
| year | month | year | season | |||||||||||||||
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | |||
| 1941-1950 | -1.8 | 0.1 | 3.6 | 8.6 | 12.8 | 15.6 | 17.7 | 17.2 | 14.2 | 8.9 | 3.7 | 0.6 | 8.45 | -0.4 | 8.4 | 16.8 | 8.9 | |
| 1940-1949 | -2.6 | -0.6 | 3.4 | 8.7 | 12.6 | 15.5 | 17.5 | 16.9 | 14.1 | 8.9 | 3.8 | 0.5 | 8.25 | -1.1 | 8.3 | 16.6 | 8.9 | |
| 1939-1948 | -2.3 | -0.6 | 3.4 | 8.6 | 12.4 | 15.7 | 17.4 | 17.0 | 13.8 | 8.5 | 4.0 | 0.0 | 8.16 | -1.1 | 8.2 | 16.7 | 8.8 | |
| 1938-1947 | -2.6 | -0.6 | 3.5 | 8.1 | 12.2 | 15.7 | 17.5 | 17.1 | 13.8 | 8.5 | 4.3 | -0.3 | 8.12 | -1.2 | 7.9 | 16.8 | 8.9 | |
| 1937-1946 | -2.2 | 0.3 | 3.5 | 7.9 | 12.2 | 15.6 | 17.3 | 16.9 | 13.5 | 8.7 | 4.1 | -0.4 | 8.12 | -0.6 | 7.9 | 16.6 | 8.7 | |
| 1936-1945 | -1.7 | 0.1 | 3.6 | 7.5 | 12.0 | 15.7 | 17.1 | 16.9 | 13.4 | 8.6 | 4.1 | -0.1 | 8.12 | -0.6 | 7.8 | 16.6 | 8.7 | |
| 1935-1944 | -1.4 | -0.1 | 3.3 | 7.4 | 11.6 | 15.8 | 17.1 | 17.0 | 13.3 | 8.5 | 4.2 | -0.1 | 8.07 | -0.4 | 7.5 | 16.6 | 8.7 | |
| 1934-1943 | -1.7 | 0.1 | 3.6 | 7.6 | 11.8 | 16.0 | 17.2 | 16.6 | 13.6 | 8.6 | 4.2 | 0.4 | 8.19 | -0.5 | 7.7 | 16.6 | 8.8 | |
| 1933-1942 | -1.9 | -0.2 | 3.6 | 7.3 | 11.7 | 16.0 | 17.3 | 16.5 | 13.6 | 8.5 | 4.2 | 0.0 | 8.07 | -0.7 | 7.6 | 16.6 | 8.8 | |
| 1932-1941 | -0.9 | 0.2 | 3.5 | 7.3 | 11.7 | 16.0 | 17.4 | 16.7 | 13.6 | 8.2 | 4.3 | -0.2 | 8.17 | -0.3 | 7.5 | 16.7 | 8.7 | |
| year | month | year | season | |||||||||||||||
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | |||
| 1931-1940 | -0.3 | 0.1 | 3.2 | 7.3 | 12.3 | 16.0 | 17.3 | 16.7 | 13.4 | 8.1 | 4.6 | -0.3 | 8.21 | -0.1 | 7.6 | 16.7 | 8.7 | |
| 1930-1939 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 3.4 | 7.4 | 12.3 | 16.2 | 17.3 | 16.8 | 13.5 | 8.3 | 4.6 | 0.0 | 8.42 | 0.6 | 7.7 | 16.8 | 8.8 | |
| 1929-1938 | 0.1 | -0.6 | 3.4 | 6.9 | 12.5 | 16.0 | 17.3 | 16.8 | 13.7 | 8.6 | 4.5 | 0.5 | 8.33 | 0.1 | 7.7 | 16.7 | 8.9 | |
| 1928-1937 | 0.0 | -0.5 | 3.0 | 7.2 | 12.5 | 15.8 | 17.5 | 16.7 | 13.5 | 8.6 | 4.5 | 0.7 | 8.30 | 0.0 | 7.6 | 16.6 | 8.9 | |
| 1927-1936 | 0.3 | -0.6 | 3.3 | 7.1 | 12.1 | 15.6 | 17.5 | 16.6 | 13.6 | 8.5 | 4.4 | 0.5 | 8.25 | 0.1 | 7.5 | 16.6 | 8.8 | |
| 1926-1935 | 0.0 | -0.2 | 3.2 | 7.4 | 11.9 | 15.3 | 17.6 | 16.6 | 13.7 | 8.6 | 4.6 | 0.4 | 8.29 | 0.1 | 7.6 | 16.5 | 9.0 | |
| 1925-1934 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 3.1 | 7.5 | 12.3 | 15.1 | 17.6 | 16.6 | 13.4 | 8.6 | 4.3 | 0.3 | 8.27 | 0.1 | 7.7 | 16.4 | 8.8 | |
| 1924-1933 | 0.0 | -0.4 | 2.9 | 7.1 | 12.3 | 15.0 | 17.4 | 16.4 | 13.2 | 8.6 | 4.2 | 0.0 | 8.07 | 0.0 | 7.5 | 16.3 | 8.7 | |
| 1923-1932 | 0.4 | -0.3 | 2.9 | 7.1 | 12.3 | 14.7 | 17.5 | 16.3 | 13.2 | 8.7 | 4.2 | 0.2 | 8.11 | 0.2 | 7.4 | 16.1 | 8.7 | |
| 1922-1931 | 0.0 | -0.2 | 3.2 | 7.0 | 12.4 | 14.8 | 17.3 | 15.9 | 12.8 | 8.4 | 4.1 | 0.3 | 8.00 | 0.1 | 7.5 | 16.0 | 8.4 | |
| year | month | year | season | |||||||||||||||
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | |||
| 1921-1930 | 0.4 | -0.0 | 3.7 | 7.2 | 12.3 | 14.6 | 17.4 | 16.1 | 13.1 | 8.8 | 3.6 | 0.4 | 8.14 | 0.3 | 7.7 | 16.0 | 8.5 | |
| 1920-1929 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 3.9 | 7.3 | 12.5 | 14.3 | 17.5 | 16.0 | 13.1 | 8.6 | 3.1 | 0.4 | 8.13 | 0.3 | 7.9 | 15.9 | 8.3 | |
| 1919-1928 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 3.9 | 7.4 | 12.4 | 14.3 | 17.2 | 15.9 | 13.13 | 8.2 | 2.7 | 0.1 | 8.13 | 0.9 | 7.9 | 15.8 | 8.0 | |
| 1918-1927 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 4.0 | 7.5 | 12.7 | 14.21 | 17.0 | 15.9 | 13.1 | 8.1 | 2.36 | 0.5 | 8.14 | 0.9 | 8.1 | 15.71 | 7.9 | |
| 1917-1926 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 3.5 | 7.3 | 13.2 | 14.7 | 17.1 | 15.9 | 13.2 | 8.0 | 2.6 | 0.6 | 8.10 | 0.6 | 8.0 | 15.9 | 7.9 | |
| 1916-1925 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 3.5 | 7.1 | 13.4 | 14.6 | 16.9 | 15.9 | 12.9 | 8.1 | 2.4 | 0.7 | 8.07 | 0.8 | 8.0 | 15.8 | 7.8 | |
| 1915-1924 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 3.5 | 7.0 | 13.3 | 14.8 | 16.7 | 15.8 | 13.0 | 7.9 | 2.4 | 1.1 | 8.03 | 0.7 | 8.0 | 15.8 | 7.8 | |
| 1914-1923 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 3.7 | 7.3 | 13.0 | 14.8 | 16.8 | 16.0 | 12.9 | 7.7 | 2.4 | 1.3 | 8.13 | 1.0 | 8.1 | 15.9 | 7.70 | |
| 1913-1922 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 3.9 | 7.4 | 13.1 | 15.1 | 16.4 | 15.9 | 12.9 | 7.7 | 2.8 | 1.7 | 8.18 | 1.0 | 8.2 | 15.8 | 7.8 | |
| 1912-1921 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 4.1 | 7.6 | 13.0 | 15.1 | 16.7 | 15.8 | 12.7 | 7.8 | 2.8 | 1.8 | 8.25 | 1.2 | 8.2 | 15.9 | 7.8 | |
| year | month | year | season | |||||||||||||||
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | |||
| 1911-1920 | -0.1 | 1.0 | 3.9 | 7.5 | 12.9 | 15.2 | 16.7 | 16.0 | 12.7 | 7.6 | 3.3 | 2.0 | 8.25 | 1.0 | 8.1 | 16.0 | 7.9 | |
| 1910-1919 | -0.2 | 1.0 | 3.7 | 7.3 | 12.7 | 15.3 | 16.5 | 16.1 | 12.6 | 7.8 | 3.4 | 2.2 | 8.23 | 1.1 | 7.9 | 16.0 | 8.0 | |
| 1909-1918 | -0.4 | 0.8 | 3.6 | 7.5 | 12.7 | 15.2 | 16.6 | 16.1 | 12.4 | 8.2 | 3.6 | 2.3 | 8.23 | 0.8 | 7.9 | 16.0 | 8.1 | |
| 1908-1917 | -0.7 | 0.7 | 3.4 | 7.2 | 12.6 | 15.6 | 16.6 | 16.0 | 12.4 | 8.2 | 3.4 | 1.9 | 8.13 | 0.8 | 7.7 | 16.1 | 8.0 | |
| 1907-1916 | -0.5 | 0.9 | 3.7 | 7.3 | 12.4 | 15.2 | 16.36 | 15.9 | 12.22 | 8.6 | 3.3 | 2.2 | 8.16 | 0.8 | 7.8 | 15.8 | 8.0 | |
| 1906-1915 | -0.7 | 0.9 | 3.5 | 7.3 | 12.4 | 15.4 | 16.5 | 15.9 | 12.3 | 8.7 | 3.4 | 1.8 | 8.14 | 0.6 | 7.8 | 15.9 | 8.1 | |
| 1905-1914 | -0.9 | 0.9 | 3.8 | 7.2 | 12.3 | 15.4 | 16.7 | 16.1 | 12.4 | 8.6 | 3.6 | 1.6 | 8.14 | 0.5 | 7.8 | 16.0 | 8.2 | |
| 1904-1913 | -0.8 | 0.7 | 3.6 | 7.1 | 12.4 | 15.4 | 16.8 | 16.0 | 12.3 | 8.6 | 3.6 | 1.5 | 8.13 | 0.4 | 7.7 | 16.1 | 8.2 | |
| 1903-1912 | -0.7 | 1.0 | 3.6 | 6.8 | 12.4 | 15.4 | 17.0 | 16.0 | 12.4 | 8.6 | 3.3 | 1.2 | 8.11 | 0.4 | 7.6 | 16.2 | 8.1 | |
| 1902-1911 | -0.3 | 0.6 | 3.3 | 6.9 | 12.1 | 15.4 | 16.8 | 16.1 | 12.7 | 8.6 | 3.2 | 0.7 | 8.04 | 0.3 | 7.5 | 16.1 | 8.2 | |
| year | month | year | season | |||||||||||||||
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | |||
| 1901-1910 | -0.5 | 0.1 | 3.1 | 7.0 | 12.1 | 15.5 | 16.7 | 15.8 | 12.6 | 8.7 | 3.0 | 0.5 | 7.90 | 0.1 | 7.4 | 16.0 | 8.1 | |
| 1900-1909 | -0.6 | -0.1 | 2.8 | 6.9 | 11.9 | 15.4 | 17.0 | 15.8 | 12.8 | 8.6 | 3.3 | 0.5 | 7.90 | -0.2 | 7.2 | 16.1 | 8.2 | |
| 1899-1908 | -0.2 | 0.4 | 2.9 | 6.8 | 11.9 | 15.5 | 17.2 | 15.9 | 12.8 | 8.4 | 3.7 | 0.0 | 7.97 | 0.2 | 7.3 | 16.2 | 8.3 | |
| 1898-1907 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 3.0 | 7.0 | 11.8 | 15.3 | 17.0 | 16.3 | 12.9 | 8.5 | 4.1 | 0.4 | 8.07 | 0.4 | 7.3 | 16.2 | 8.5 | |
| 1897-1906 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 3.2 | 7.1 | 11.5 | 15.5 | 17.2 | 16.4 | 12.8 | 8.1 | 4.0 | 0.3 | 8.09 | 0.4 | 7.3 | 16.4 | 8.3 | |
| 1896-1905 | -0.2 | 0.6 | 3.5 | 6.9 | 11.3 | 15.7 | 17.1 | 16.2 | 12.8 | 8.0 | 3.5 | 0.5 | 8.01 | 0.3 | 7.3 | 16.3 | 8.1 | |
| 1895-1904 | -0.4 | -0.2 | 3.2 | 7.2 | 11.3 | 15.6 | 17.0 | 16.2 | 13.1 | 8.2 | 3.7 | 0.4 | 7.95 | -0.1 | 7.3 | 16.3 | 8.3 | |
| 1894-1903 | -0.5 | -0.2 | 3.4 | 7.3 | 11.2 | 15.5 | 16.9 | 16.1 | 13.0 | 8.2 | 3.8 | 0.2 | 7.93 | 0.0 | 7.3 | 16.2 | 8.3 | |
| 1893-1902 | -1.3 | -0.4 | 3.2 | 7.7 | 11.18 | 15.6 | 17.0 | 16.2 | 12.9 | 8.2 | 3.6 | 0.3 | 7.88 | -0.4 | 7.4 | 16.3 | 8.2 | |
| 1892-1901 | -1.7 | -0.2 | 2.9 | 7.6 | 11.5 | 15.6 | 17.1 | 16.6 | 13.1 | 8.3 | 3.7 | 0.3 | 7.91 | -0.4 | 7.4 | 16.4 | 8.4 | |
| year | month | year | season | |||||||||||||||
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | |||
| 1891-1900 | -1.8 | 0.2 | 3.0 | 7.3 | 11.5 | 15.5 | 16.8 | 16.4 | 13.1 | 8.3 | 3.7 | 0.4 | 7.89 | -0.3 | 7.3 | 16.2 | 8.4 | |
| 1890-1899 | -1.7 | -0.2 | 3.3 | 7.4 | 11.8 | 15.3 | 16.5 | 16.5 | 13.0 | 8.2 | 3.5 | -0.4 | 7.79 | -0.4 | 7.5 | 16.1 | 8.3 | |
| 1889-1898 | -2.1 | -0.7 | 3.1 | 7.3 | 12.3 | 15.7 | 16.4 | 16.3 | 12.9 | 8.2 | 3.2 | -0.2 | 7.72 | -0.8 | 7.6 | 16.1 | 8.1 | |
| 1888-1897 | -2.5 | -1.0 | 2.9 | 7.2 | 12.3 | 15.7 | 16.5 | 16.0 | 12.8 | 8.0 | 3.0 | -0.5 | 7.55 | -1.1 | 7.5 | 16.1 | 7.9 | |
| 1887-1896 | -2.6 | -1.2 | 2.5 | 7.2 | 12.3 | 15.6 | 16.7 | 15.9 | 12.8 | 7.8 | 3.1 | -0.7 | 7.45 | -1.1 | 7.3 | 16.1 | 7.9 | |
| 1886-1895 | -2.67 | -1.50 | 2.0 | 7.5 | 12.5 | 15.4 | 16.7 | 16.1 | 13.0 | 7.9 | 3.5 | -0.6 | 7.50 | -1.25 | 7.3 | 16.1 | 8.1 | |
| 1885-1894 | -2.5 | -0.5 | 2.1 | 7.5 | 12.3 | 15.5 | 16.7 | 16.0 | 12.8 | 7.9 | 3.2 | -0.6 | 7.54 | -0.8 | 7.3 | 16.0 | 8.0 | |
| 1884-1893 | -2.1 | -0.4 | 2.1 | 7.1 | 12.4 | 15.3 | 16.7 | 16.1 | 13.1 | 7.9 | 2.9 | -0.5 | 7.59 | -0.6 | 7.2 | 16.0 | 8.0 | |
| 1883-1892 | -1.4 | -0.4 | 1.51 | 6.9 | 12.4 | 15.4 | 16.6 | 16.0 | 13.2 | 7.8 | 3.1 | -0.4 | 7.59 | -0.3 | 6.97 | 16.0 | 8.0 | |
| 1882-1891 | -1.2 | -0.3 | 2.1 | 6.9 | 12.4 | 15.3 | 16.7 | 15.69 | 13.1 | 7.9 | 3.2 | -0.2 | 7.67 | -0.2 | 7.2 | 15.9 | 8.1 | |
| year | Month according to DWD | Year according to DWD | Season according to DWD | |||||||||||||||
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | |||
| 2006-2015 | 0.74 | 0.99 | 4.44 | 9.46 | 13.04 | 16.18 | 18.72 | 17.51 | 13.90 | 9.48 | 5.63 | 2.19 | 9.36 | 1.31 | 8.98 | 17.47 | 9.67 | |
| 1881-1890 | -1.25 | -0.21 | 2.07 | 6.98 | 12.31 | 15.35 | 16.95 | 15.77 | 12.95 | 7.43 | 3.54 | -0.26 | 7.64 | -0.57 | 7.12 | 16.02 | 7.97 | |
| Temperature difference | 1.99 | 1.20 | 2.37 | 2.48 | 0.73 | 0.83 | 1.77 | 1.74 | 0.95 | 2.05 | 2.09 | 2.45 | 1.72 | 1.88 | 1.86 | 1.45 | 1.70 | |
| year | Month after Baur | Year Baur | Season after Baur | Year Berkeley | ||||||||||||||
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | |||
| 1871-1880 | -0.9 | 0.2 | 3.2 | 7.4 | 10.4 | 15.6 | 17.0 | 16.7 | 13.1 | 8.2 | 2.9 | -0.7 | 7.8 | -0.5 | 7.0 | 16.5 | 8.1 | 7.9 |
| 1870-1879 | -0.6 | -0.3 | 2.9 | 7.3 | 10.6 | 15.6 | 17.1 | 16.6 | 12.8 | 8.2 | 2.9 | -1.6 | 7.6 | -0.6 | 7.0 | 16.5 | 8.0 | 7.8 |
| 1869-1878 | -0.5 | 0.2 | 2.8 | 7.7 | 10.9 | 15.3 | 17.5 | 16.4 | 12.9 | 8.1 | 3.2 | -0.9 | 7.8 | -0.3 | 7.2 | 16.4 | 8.1 | 7.9 |
| 1868-1877 | -0.6 | 0.2 | 2.9 | 7.6 | 11.2 | 15.5 | 17.7 | 16.5 | 13.0 | 8.0 | 3.1 | -0.3 | 7.9 | -0.4 | 7.2 | 16.6 | 8.1 | 8.0 |
| 1867-1876 | -0.9 | 0.4 | 2.8 | 7.7 | 11.4 | 15.2 | 17.6 | 16.5 | 13.3 | 8.1 | 2.7 | -0.6 | 7.8 | -0.4 | 7.3 | 16.5 | 8.1 | 8.0 |
| 1866-1875 | -0.3 | 0.6 | 2.7 | 7.8 | 11.5 | 15.4 | 17.4 | 16.3 | 13.5 | 7.8 | 3.0 | -0.6 | 7.9 | -0.1 | 7.3 | 16.4 | 8.1 | 8.1 |
| 1865-1874 | -0.5 | 0.6 | 2.5 | 8.1 | 11.7 | 15.1 | 17.6 | 16.0 | 13.6 | 8.1 | 3.2 | -0.4 | 7.9 | -0.2 | 7.5 | 16.3 | 8.3 | 8.1 |
| 1864-1873 | -1.2 | 0.5 | 2.6 | 7.7 | 11.8 | 15.0 | 17.2 | 15.9 | 13.4 | 7.8 | 3.3 | -0.6 | 7.8 | -0.4 | 7.4 | 16.1 | 8.2 | 8.0 |
| 1863-1872 | -1.1 | 0.7 | 2.6 | 7.8 | 12.1 | 15.0 | 17.0 | 15.9 | 13.4 | 7.9 | 3.2 | -0.5 | 7.8 | -0.4 | 7.5 | 16.0 | 8.2 | 8.0 |
| 1862-1871 | -1.2 | 0.6 | 2.6 | 7.9 | 12.2 | 14.9 | 16.8 | 16.0 | 13.4 | 8.0 | 2.9 | -0.8 | 7.8 | -0.3 | 7.6 | 15.9 | 8.2 | 8.0 |
| 1861-1870 | -1.3 | 0.9 | 2.6 | 7.8 | 12.3 | 15.4 | 16.8 | 16.0 | 13.4 | 8.3 | 3.2 | -0.2 | 7.9 | -0.2 | 7.6 | 16.1 | 8.3 | 8.1 |
| 1860-1869 | -1.1 | 1.2 | 2.6 | 7.6 | 12.3 | |||||||||||||
| 1859-1868 | -1.0 | 1.0 | 3.1 | 7.4 | 12.2 | |||||||||||||
| 1858-1867 | -1.1 | 0.2 | 2.9 | 7.4 | 11.6 | |||||||||||||
| 1857-1866 | -1.2 | -0.3 | 3.0 | 7.3 | 11.7 | |||||||||||||
| 1856-1865 | -1.4 | -0.5 | 2.8 | 7.3 | 11.8 | |||||||||||||
| 1855-1864 | -1.7 | -0.6 | 3.0 | 6.8 | 11.3 | |||||||||||||
| 1854-1863 | -1.3 | -0.5 | 2.9 | 7.0 | 11.5 | |||||||||||||
| 1853-1862 | -1.3 | -1.0 | 2.3 | 6.7 | 11.4 | |||||||||||||
| 1852-1861 | -1.0 | -0.9 | 1.8 | 6.2 | 11.2 | |||||||||||||
| 1851-1860 | -0.4 | -1.1 | 1.7 | 6.4 | 11.1 | 15.7 | 16.8 | 16.5 | 12.6 | 8.8 | 1.7 | -0.5 | 7.4 | -0.6 | 6.4 | 16.4 | 7.7 | 7.7 |
| 1841-1850 | -2.7 | -0.3 | 2.0 | 7.2 | 12.1 | 15.3 | 16.1 | 16.1 | 12.5 | 8.0 | 3.2 | -0.3 | 7.4 | -1.4 | 7.1 | 15.9 | 7.9 | 7.9 |
| 1831-1840 | -1.9 | 0.0 | 2.3 | 6.4 | 11.8 | 15.6 | 16.5 | 16.0 | 12.6 | 8.3 | 3.0 | -0.1 | 7.5 | -0.5 | 6.8 | 16.1 | 8.0 | 7.9 |
| 1821-1830 | -2.8 | -1.2 | 3.1 | 8.1 | 12.3 | 15.3 | 17.0 | 16.3 | 13.2 | 8.5 | 3.6 | 0.7 | 7.8 | -1.2 | 7.8 | 16.2 | 8.5 | 8.1 |
| 1811-1820 | -2.6 | 0.1 | 2.6 | 7.4 | 12.2 | 15.3 | 16.2 | 15.8 | 12.4 | 7.8 | 2.6 | -1.4 | 7.3 | -1.2 | 7.4 | 15.8 | 7.7 | 7.7 |
| 1801-1810 | -2.1 | -0.9 | 1.6 | 6.2 | 12.4 | 14.5 | 16.6 | 17.0 | 13.1 | 7.7 | 2.8 | -0.1 | 7.4 | -1.1 | 6.7 | 16.1 | 7.9 | 7.9 |
| 1791-1800 | -1.4 | 0.1 | 2.1 | 8.6 | 12.2 | 15.1 | 17.1 | 17.1 | 13.2 | 8.4 | 3.1 | -0.8 | 7.9 | -0.7 | 7.7 | 16.5 | 8.3 | 8.2 |
| 1781-1790 | -1.5 | -0.2 | 1.3 | 6.8 | 12.6 | 16.2 | 17.0 | 16.5 | 13.6 | 7.6 | 2.5 | -1.0 | 7.6 | -1.0 | 7.0 | 16.6 | 7.9 | 7.9 |
| 1771-1780 | -2.6 | -0.4 | 3.5 | 6.9 | 12.1 | 15.7 | 16.8 | 17.0 | 13.1 | 8.8 | 3.1 | 0.4 | 7.8 | -0.8 | 7.6 | 16.5 | 8.4 | 8.3 |
| 1761-1770 | -2.4 | 0.2 | 2.2 | 7.2 | 12.0 | 15.4 | 16.6 | 16.5 | 12.8 | 7.1 | 3.3 | -0.7 | 7.5 | -1.1 | 7.2 | 16.2 | 7.8 | 7.9 |
| year | Month after Berkeley | Year Berkeley | Season to Berkeley | Year Berkeley | ||||||||||||||
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | |||
| 1753-1762 | -2.0 | -0.2 | 3.0 | 7.9 | 12.6 | 16.9 | 17.7 | 16.6 | 13.3 | 7.6 | 2.8 | -0.9 | 8.0 | -1.0 | 7.9 | 17.1 | 7.9 | 8.0 |
CLINO periods (30-year average temperature values)
The maximum and minimum were marked with two decimal places until 1881 (beginning of the DWD temperature time series). The cells with the largest value are highlighted in red and the smallest value in blue.
In addition, the most recent CLINO periods (1991-2020; 1981-2010; 1971-200; 1961-1990) are specified to two decimal places.
| year | month | year | season | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | |||
| 1991-2020 | 0.89 | 1.50 | 4.64 | 8.96 | 13.12 | 16.35 | 18.33 | 1.38 | 8.91 | |||||||||
| 1990-2019 | 0.8 | 1.5 | 4.7 | 8.9 | 13.2 | 16.3 | 18.3 | 17.92 | 13.7 | 9.37 | 4.78 | 1.74 | 9.27 | 1.36 | 8.9 | 17.50 | 9.29 | |
| 1989-2018 | 0.91 | 1.5 | 4.7 | 8.8 | 13.27 | 16.1 | 18.3 | 17.85 | 13.76 | 9.3 | 4.7 | 1.69 | 9.25 | 1.37 | 8.92 | 17.42 | 9.3 | |
| 1988-2017 | 0.90 | 1.63 | 4.72 | 8.6 | 13.2 | 16.1 | 18.2 | 17.8 | 13.7 | 9.3 | 4.6 | 1.67 | 9.20 | 1.40 | 8.9 | 17.3 | 9.2 | |
| 1987-2016 | 0.8 | 1.5 | 4.5 | 8.7 | 13.1 | 15.9 | 18.1 | 17.7 | 13.7 | 9.3 | 4.6 | 1.66 | 9.13 | 1.3 | 8.7 | 17.2 | 9.2 | |
| 1986-2015 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 4.4 | 8.6 | 13.1 | 15.9 | 18.1 | 17.6 | 13.6 | 9.3 | 4.7 | 1.65 | 9.07 | 1.2 | 8.7 | 17.2 | 9.2 | |
| 1985-2014 | 0.5 | 1.1 | 4.3 | 8.6 | 13.1 | 15.8 | 18.0 | 17.5 | 13.6 | 9.3 | 4.5 | 1.6 | 8.99 | 1.0 | 8.7 | 17.1 | 9.1 | |
| 1984-2013 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 4.2 | 8.5 | 13.1 | 15.7 | 17.9 | 17.5 | 13.5 | 9.3 | 4.4 | 1.5 | 8.91 | 0.9 | 8.6 | 17.1 | 9.1 | |
| 1983-2012 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 4.3 | 8.5 | 13.0 | 15.8 | 17.9 | 17.5 | 13.5 | 9.2 | 4.4 | 1.4 | 8.92 | 1.0 | 8.6 | 17.1 | 9.0 | |
| 1982-2011 | 0.4 | 1.0 | 4.3 | 8.4 | 13.0 | 15.8 | 18.0 | 17.5 | 13.6 | 9.2 | 4.4 | 1.4 | 8.92 | 0.9 | 8.6 | 17.1 | 9.1 | |
| 1981-2010 | 0.36 | 0.92 | 4.31 | 8.31 | 12.96 | 15.74 | 17.96 | 17.46 | 13.53 | 9.20 | 4.40 | 1.23 | 8.86 | 0.89 | 8.53 | 17.06 | 9.04 | |
| 1980-2009 | 0.4 | 1.0 | 4.3 | 8.2 | 13.0 | 15.7 | 17.8 | 17.5 | 13.6 | 9.2 | 4.3 | 1.4 | 8.86 | 1.0 | 8.5 | 17.0 | 9.0 | |
| 1979-2008 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 4.3 | 8.0 | 12.9 | 15.7 | 17.7 | 17.3 | 13.5 | 9.2 | 4.3 | 1.5 | 8.81 | 0.9 | 8.4 | 16.9 | 9.0 | |
| 1978-2007 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 4.3 | 8.0 | 12.8 | 15.7 | 17.6 | 17.3 | 13.5 | 9.2 | 4.2 | 1.5 | 8.76 | 0.8 | 8.4 | 16.9 | 9.0 | |
| 1977-2006 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 4.3 | 7.8 | 12.8 | 15.6 | 17.6 | 17.2 | 13.5 | 9.3 | 4.2 | 1.5 | 8.72 | 0.7 | 8.3 | 16.8 | 9.0 | |
| 1976-2005 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 4.3 | 7.8 | 12.7 | 15.6 | 17.6 | 17.2 | 13.5 | 9.2 | 4.2 | 1.3 | 8.68 | 0.8 | 8.3 | 16.8 | 8.9 | |
| 1975-2004 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 4.3 | 7.7 | 12.7 | 15.6 | 17.5 | 17.4 | 13.4 | 9.1 | 4.1 | 1.3 | 8.68 | 0.9 | 8.2 | 16.8 | 8.9 | |
| 1974-2003 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 4.3 | 7.6 | 12.7 | 15.5 | 17.5 | 17.3 | 13.3 | 8.9 | 4.1 | 1.4 | 8.68 | 0.9 | 8.2 | 16.8 | 8.8 | |
| 1973-2002 | 0.4 | 1.0 | 4.3 | 7.5 | 12.6 | 15.4 | 17.4 | 17.2 | 13.4 | 9.0 | 4.1 | 1.4 | 8.64 | 0.9 | 8.1 | 16.7 | 8.8 | |
| 1972-2001 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 4.3 | 7.5 | 12.6 | 15.3 | 17.4 | 17.1 | 13.3 | 8.9 | 4.0 | 1.4 | 8.58 | 0.9 | 8.1 | 16.6 | 8.7 | |
| 1971-2000 | 0.22 | 0.82 | 4.16 | 7.54 | 12.54 | 15.31 | 17.38 | 17.10 | 13.28 | 8.78 | 4.00 | 1.53 | 8.56 | 0.83 | 8.08 | 16.60 | 8.69 | |
| 1970-1999 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 4.0 | 7.4 | 12.4 | 15.3 | 17.4 | 17.1 | 13.3 | 8.7 | 4.0 | 1.4 | 8.49 | 0.7 | 7.9 | 16.6 | 8.7 | |
| 1969-1998 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 3.9 | 7.3 | 12.4 | 15.3 | 17.4 | 17.0 | 13.2 | 8.8 | 4.0 | 1.2 | 8.43 | 0.6 | 7.9 | 16.6 | 8.7 | |
| 1968-1997 | -0.1 | 0.5 | 3.9 | 7.3 | 12.3 | 15.3 | 17.4 | 17.0 | 13.2 | 8.8 | 4.1 | 1.1 | 8.40 | 0.5 | 7.8 | 16.6 | 8.7 | |
| 1967-1996 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 3.8 | 7.3 | 12.3 | 15.3 | 17.4 | 16.9 | 13.2 | 8.9 | 4.1 | 1.0 | 8.40 | 0.5 | 7.8 | 16.7 | 8.7 | |
| 1966-1995 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 3.9 | 7.3 | 12.3 | 15.3 | 17.4 | 16.9 | 13.2 | 9.0 | 4.0 | 1.2 | 8.44 | 0.7 | 7.9 | 16.5 | 8.8 | |
| 1965-1994 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 3.9 | 7.3 | 12.3 | 15.3 | 17.2 | 16.8 | 13.2 | 8.9 | 4.0 | 1.3 | 8.40 | 0.6 | 7.8 | 16.4 | 8.7 | |
| 1964-1993 | -0.1 | 0.4 | 3.7 | 7.3 | 12.4 | 15.4 | 17.1 | 16.7 | 13.2 | 8.8 | 3.9 | 1.2 | 8.34 | 0.4 | 7.8 | 16.4 | 8.7 | |
| 1963-1992 | -0.4 | 0.2 | 3.7 | 7.2 | 12.3 | 15.4 | 17.2 | 16.7 | 13.3 | 8.9 | 4.1 | 1.0 | 8.30 | 0.2 | 7.7 | 16.4 | 8.8 | |
| 1962-1991 | -0.4 | 0.2 | 3.5 | 7.2 | 12.1 | 15.3 | 17.1 | 16.6 | 13.3 | 8.9 | 4.0 | 0.9 | 8.22 | 0.2 | 7.6 | 16.3 | 8.8 | |
| year | month | year | season | |||||||||||||||
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | |||
| 1961-1990 | -0.50 | 0.39 | 3.50 | 7.36 | 12.13 | 15.35 | 16.94 | 16.52 | 13.31 | 9.02 | 4.04 | 0.83 | 8.24 | 0.24 | 7.66 | 16.27 | 8.79 | |
| 1960-1989 | -0.6 | 0.2 | 3.5 | 7.4 | 12.1 | 15.4 | 16.9 | 16.4 | 13.3 | 9.0 | 4.1 | 0.8 | 8.21 | 0.2 | 7.6 | 16.2 | 8.8 | |
| 1959-1988 | -0.7 | 0.1 | 3.4 | 7.4 | 12.1 | 15.4 | 16.9 | 16.4 | 13.3 | 8.9 | 4.1 | 0.8 | 8.19 | 0.1 | 7.6 | 16.3 | 8.8 | |
| 1958-1987 | -0.8 | 0.1 | 3.3 | 7.3 | 12.0 | 15.4 | 16.9 | 16.4 | 13.3 | 8.9 | 4.2 | 0.8 | 8.16 | 0.0 | 7.6 | 16.3 | 8.8 | |
| 1957-1986 | -0.6 | 0.2 | 3.6 | 7.3 | 12.0 | 15.5 | 17.0 | 16.4 | 13.3 | 8.9 | 4.1 | 0.7 | 8.20 | 0.1 | 7.6 | 16.3 | 8.8 | |
| 1956-1985 | -0.6 | 0.1 | 3.6 | 7.3 | 12.0 | 15.4 | 17.0 | 16.4 | 13.3 | 8.9 | 4.0 | 0.7 | 8.17 | 0.1 | 7.6 | 16.2 | 8.7 | |
| 1955-1984 | -0.5 | 0.1 | 3.5 | 7.2 | 11.87 | 15.4 | 17.0 | 16.4 | 13.3 | 8.8 | 4.1 | 0.7 | 8.17 | 0.2 | 7.5 | 16.3 | 8.8 | |
| 1954-1983 | -0.6 | 0.0 | 3.6 | 7.2 | 11.9 | 15.5 | 16.9 | 16.3 | 13.4 | 8.8 | 4.1 | 0.8 | 8.16 | 0.1 | 7.5 | 16.3 | 8.8 | |
| 1953-1982 | -0.8 | 0.1 | 3.6 | 7.2 | 12.0 | 15.5 | 16.8 | 16.3 | 13.4 | 8.9 | 4.1 | 0.8 | 8.16 | 0.0 | 7.6 | 16.2 | 8.8 | |
| 1952-1981 | -0.7 | 0.1 | 3.5 | 7.3 | 12.0 | 15.5 | 16.8 | 16.3 | 13.2 | 8.8 | 4.0 | 0.7 | 8.13 | 0.1 | 7.6 | 16.2 | 8.7 | |
| 1951-1980 | -0.6 | 0.2 | 3.4 | 7.3 | 11.9 | 15.5 | 16.8 | 16.3 | 13.2 | 8.7 | 4.1 | 0.9 | 8.15 | 0.1 | 7.5 | 16.2 | 8.7 | |
| 1950-1979 | -0.5 | 0.2 | 3.4 | 7.3 | 12.0 | 15.6 | 16.9 | 16.3 | 13.2 | 8.7 | 4.1 | 0.8 | 8.16 | 0.2 | 7.6 | 16.3 | 8.7 | |
| 1949-1978 | -0.3 | 0.3 | 3.4 | 7.5 | 12.0 | 15.5 | 17.0 | 16.4 | 13.3 | 8.8 | 4.1 | 0.8 | 8.23 | 0.3 | 7.6 | 16.3 | 8.7 | |
| 1948-1977 | -0.3 | 0.4 | 3.4 | 7.6 | 12.1 | 15.5 | 17.0 | 16.4 | 13.3 | 8.8 | 4.1 | 0.8 | 8.27 | 0.3 | 7.7 | 16.3 | 8.7 | |
| 1947-1976 | -0.4 | 0.0 | 3.3 | 7.7 | 12.2 | 15.6 | 17.1 | 16.5 | 13.5 | 8.7 | 4.1 | 0.8 | 8.26 | 0.1 | 7.7 | 16.4 | 8.8 | |
| 1946-1975 | -0.5 | 0.1 | 3.4 | 7.8 | 12.2 | 15.5 | 17.1 | 16.5 | 13.6 | 8.6 | 4.1 | 0.7 | 8.26 | 0.1 | 7.8 | 16.4 | 8.8 | |
| 1945–1974 | -0.8 | 0.2 | 3.4 | 7.9 | 12.3 | 15.6 | 17.1 | 16.4 | 13.5 | 8.7 | 4.1 | 0.7 | 8.26 | 0.0 | 7.9 | 16.4 | 8.8 | |
| 1944-1973 | -0.8 | 0.1 | 3.3 | 7.9 | 12.3 | 15.6 | 17.1 | 16.5 | 13.5 | 8.8 | 4.1 | 0.6 | 8.25 | -0.1 | 7.8 | 16.4 | 8.8 | |
| 1943-1972 | -0.8 | 0.1 | 3.3 | 8.1 | 12.3 | 15.5 | 17.1 | 16.5 | 13.5 | 8.9 | 4.1 | 0.6 | 8.27 | 0.0 | 7.9 | 16.4 | 8.8 | |
| 1942-1971 | -1.0 | 0.1 | 3.2 | 8.1 | 12.3 | 15.5 | 17.1 | 16.6 | 13.6 | 9.0 | 4.0 | 0.6 | 8.25 | -0.2 | 7.9 | 16.4 | 8.9 | |
| 1941-1970 | -1.2 | -0.2 | 3.3 | 8.0 | 12.2 | 15.6 | 17.1 | 16.5 | 13.6 | 9.0 | 4.0 | 0.5 | 8.21 | -0.3 | 7.8 | 16.4 | 8.9 | |
| 1940-1969 | -1.37 | -0.3 | 3.3 | 8.1 | 12.2 | 15.6 | 17.1 | 16.4 | 13.6 | 9.0 | 4.0 | 0.4 | 8.18 | -0.36 | 7.9 | 16.4 | 8.8 | |
| 1939-1968 | -1.3 | -0.2 | 3.4 | 8.1 | 12.1 | 15.6 | 17.1 | 16.5 | 13.6 | 8.8 | 4.0 | 0.5 | 8.19 | -0.3 | 7.9 | 16.4 | 8.8 | |
| 1938-1967 | -1.2 | -0.2 | 3.4 | 8.0 | 12.1 | 15.6 | 17.1 | 16.5 | 13.6 | 8.8 | 4.1 | 0.5 | 8.21 | -0.3 | 7.8 | 16.4 | 8.8 | |
| 1937-1966 | -1.3 | -0.2 | 3.4 | 8.0 | 12.2 | 15.7 | 17.0 | 16.5 | 13.6 | 8.7 | 4.1 | 0.5 | 8.20 | -0.3 | 7.9 | 16.4 | 8.8 | |
| 1936-1965 | -1.1 | -0.3 | 3.4 | 8.0 | 12.2 | 15.6 | 17.1 | 16.5 | 13.6 | 8.6 | 4.1 | 0.5 | 8.20 | -0.3 | 7.8 | 16.4 | 8.8 | |
| 1935-1964 | -1.1 | -0.2 | 3.4 | 8.0 | 12.2 | 15.7 | 17.2 | 16.6 | 13.6 | 8.6 | 4.2 | 0.4 | 8.23 | -0.2 | 7.9 | 16.5 | 8.8 | |
| 1934-1963 | -1.0 | -0.1 | 3.6 | 8.0 | 12.1 | 15.7 | 17.2 | 16.6 | 13.7 | 8.7 | 4.2 | 0.6 | 8.27 | -0.2 | 7.9 | 16.5 | 8.9 | |
| 1933-1962 | -0.9 | 0.1 | 3.6 | 8.0 | 12.1 | 15.6 | 17.2 | 16.7 | 13.7 | 8.7 | 4.1 | 0.5 | 8.29 | 0.0 | 7.9 | 16.5 | 8.8 | |
| 1932-1961 | -0.9 | 0.0 | 3.7 | 7.9 | 12.2 | 15.6 | 17.3 | 16.8 | 13.76 | 8.7 | 4.1 | 0.7 | 8.33 | 0.0 | 7.9 | 16.6 | 8.9 | |
| year | month | year | season | |||||||||||||||
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | |||
| 1931-1960 | -0.8 | -0.2 | 3.5 | 7.8 | 12.4 | 15.7 | 17.3 | 16.7 | 13.6 | 8.6 | 4.1 | 0.7 | 8.29 | -0.1 | 7.9 | 16.6 | 8.8 | |
| 1930-1959 | -0.8 | 0.0 | 3.4 | 7.7 | 12.1 | 15.5 | 17.0 | 16.5 | 13.5 | 8.6 | 4.1 | 0.7 | 8.22 | 0.0 | 7.7 | 16.4 | 8.8 | |
| 1929-1958 | -0.9 | -0.5 | 3.3 | 7.7 | 12.4 | 15.7 | 17.3 | 16.7 | 13.6 | 8.8 | 4.4 | 0.7 | 8.24 | -0.3 | 7.8 | 16.6 | 8.8 | |
| 1928-1957 | -0.9 | -0.5 | 3.4 | 7.7 | 12.2 | 15.6 | 17.4 | 16.7 | 13.6 | 8.6 | 4.2 | 0.6 | 8.25 | -0.3 | 7.8 | 16.6 | 8.8 | |
| 1927-1956 | -0.8 | -0.60 | 3.4 | 7.7 | 12.3 | 15.6 | 17.3 | 16.8 | 13.6 | 8.6 | 4.2 | 0.5 | 8.23 | -0.3 | 7.8 | 16.6 | 8.8 | |
| 1926-1955 | -0.8 | -0.1 | 3.4 | 7.9 | 12.2 | 15.6 | 17.4 | 16.8 | 13.7 | 8.6 | 4.3 | 0.5 | 8.29 | -0.2 | 7.9 | 16.6 | 8.8 | |
| 1925-1954 | -0.7 | 0.1 | 3.4 | 7.9 | 12.3 | 15.6 | 17.4 | 16.8 | 13.6 | 8.6 | 4.2 | 0.4 | 8.32 | -0.1 | 7.9 | 16.6 | 8.8 | |
| 1924-1953 | -0.7 | 0.1 | 3.4 | 7.9 | 12.4 | 15.6 | 17.5 | 16.8 | 13.6 | 8.6 | 4.2 | 0.3 | 8.31 | -0.1 | 7.9 | 16.6 | 8.8 | |
| 1923-1952 | -0.6 | 0.1 | 3.4 | 7.8 | 12.3 | 15.4 | 17.5 | 16.8 | 13.6 | 8.6 | 4.1 | 0.19 | 8.28 | 0.0 | 7.9 | 16.6 | 8.8 | |
| 1922-1951 | -0.7 | 0.1 | 3.4 | 7.7 | 12.4 | 15.4 | 17.4 | 16.7 | 13.6 | 8.5 | 4.2 | 0.3 | 8.26 | -0.1 | 7.8 | 16.5 | 8.8 | |
| 1921-1950 | -0.6 | 0.1 | 3.5 | 7.7 | 12.5 | 15.4 | 17.5 | 16.7 | 13.6 | 8.6 | 3.9 | 0.2 | 8.27 | -0.1 | 7.9 | 16.5 | 8.7 | |
| 1920-1949 | -0.5 | 0.1 | 3.6 | 7.8 | 12.5 | 15.3 | 17.4 | 16.6 | 13.6 | 8.6 | 3.8 | 0.3 | 8.27 | 0.0 | 8.0 | 16.4 | 8.7 | |
| 1919-1948 | -0.5 | 0.0 | 3.6 | 7.6 | 12.4 | 15.3 | 17.3 | 16.6 | 13.5 | 8.4 | 3.7 | 0.2 | 8.21 | 0.0 | 7.9 | 16.4 | 8.6 | |
| 1918-1947 | -0.6 | 0.0 | 3.5 | 7.6 | 12.5 | 15.2 | 17.3 | 16.5 | 13.5 | 8.4 | 3.7 | 0.3 | 8.19 | -0.1 | 7.9 | 16.4 | 8.5 | |
| 1917-1946 | -0.5 | 0.1 | 3.4 | 7.4 | 12.5 | 15.3 | 17.3 | 16.5 | 13.4 | 8.4 | 3.7 | 0.2 | 8.16 | 0.0 | 7.8 | 16.3 | 8.5 | |
| 1916-1945 | -0.3 | 0.1 | 3.4 | 7.4 | 12.4 | 15.2 | 17.2 | 16.5 | 13.3 | 8.4 | 3.7 | 0.3 | 8.16 | 0.1 | 7.8 | 16.3 | 8.5 | |
| 1915-1944 | -0.2 | 0.0 | 3.3 | 7.3 | 12.4 | 15.2 | 17.2 | 16.4 | 13.3 | 8.3 | 3.6 | 0.4 | 8.12 | 0.1 | 7.7 | 16.3 | 8.4 | |
| 1914-1943 | -0.4 | 0.1 | 3.4 | 7.3 | 12.4 | 15.2 | 17.2 | 16.3 | 13.3 | 8.3 | 3.6 | 0.6 | 8.13 | 0.1 | 7.7 | 16.3 | 8.4 | |
| 1913-1942 | -0.4 | 0.1 | 3.4 | 7.3 | 12.4 | 15.3 | 17.1 | 16.2 | 13.2 | 8.3 | 3.8 | 0.6 | 8.12 | 0.1 | 7.7 | 16.2 | 8.4 | |
| 1912-1941 | -0.2 | 0.3 | 3.6 | 7.3 | 12.4 | 15.3 | 17.1 | 16.1 | 13.0 | 8.1 | 3.7 | 0.6 | 8.14 | 0.3 | 7.8 | 16.2 | 8.3 | |
| 1911-1940 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 3.6 | 7.3 | 12.5 | 15.3 | 17.1 | 16.3 | 13.1 | 8.2 | 3.8 | 0.7 | 8.20 | 0.4 | 7.8 | 16.2 | 8.4 | |
| 1910-1939 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 3.7 | 7.3 | 12.5 | 15.3 | 17.1 | 16.3 | 13.1 | 8.2 | 3.7 | 0.9 | 8.26 | 0.7 | 7.8 | 16.2 | 8.3 | |
| 1909-1938 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 3.6 | 7.3 | 12.5 | 15.2 | 17.1 | 16.3 | 13.1 | 8.3 | 3.6 | 1.0 | 8.23 | 0.6 | 7.8 | 16.1 | 8.3 | |
| 1908-1937 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 3.5 | 7.3 | 12.6 | 15.2 | 17.1 | 16.2 | 13.0 | 8.3 | 3.4 | 1.0 | 8.17 | 0.6 | 7.8 | 16.1 | 8.2 | |
| 1907-1936 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 3.5 | 7.2 | 12.5 | 15.2 | 17.0 | 16.1 | 13.0 | 8.4 | 3.4 | 1.1 | 8.17 | 0.5 | 7.8 | 16.1 | 8.3 | |
| 1906-1935 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 3.4 | 7.3 | 12.6 | 15.1 | 17.0 | 16.1 | 13.0 | 8.5 | 3.5 | 1.0 | 8.16 | 0.5 | 7.8 | 16.1 | 8.3 | |
| 1905-1934 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 3.5 | 7.2 | 12.6 | 15.1 | 17.0 | 16.1 | 12.9 | 8.3 | 3.4 | 1.0 | 8.15 | 0.4 | 7.8 | 16.1 | 8.2 | |
| 1904-1933 | -0.1 | 0.3 | 3.4 | 7.2 | 12.6 | 15.1 | 17.0 | 16.1 | 12.8 | 8.3 | 3.4 | 0.9 | 8.11 | 0.5 | 7.8 | 16.1 | 8.2 | |
| 1903-1932 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 3.4 | 7.1 | 12.6 | 15.1 | 17.0 | 16.1 | 12.8 | 8.3 | 3.5 | 1.0 | 8.13 | 0.5 | 7.8 | 16.0 | 8.2 | |
| 1902-1931 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 3.5 | 7.1 | 12.5 | 15.1 | 16.9 | 15.95 | 12.7 | 8.3 | 3.4 | 0.9 | 8.10 | 0.5 | 7.7 | 15.98 | 8.1 | |
| year | month | year | season | |||||||||||||||
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | |||
| 1901-1930 | -0.1 | 0.4 | 3.6 | 7.2 | 12.4 | 15.1 | 17.0 | 16.0 | 12.8 | 8.3 | 3.3 | 1.0 | 8.10 | 0.4 | 7.8 | 16.0 | 8.2 | |
| 1900-1929 | -0.1 | 0.4 | 3.5 | 7.1 | 12.4 | 15.01 | 17.0 | 16.0 | 12.9 | 8.3 | 3.3 | 1.0 | 8.09 | 0.4 | 7.7 | 16.0 | 8.2 | |
| 1899-1928 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 3.5 | 7.2 | 12.3 | 15.0 | 17.0 | 16.0 | 12.8 | 8.3 | 3.3 | 0.8 | 8.11 | 0.7 | 7.7 | 16.0 | 8.1 | |
| 1898-1927 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 3.5 | 7.2 | 12.4 | 15.0 | 16.9 | 16.0 | 12.8 | 8.3 | 3.3 | 0.9 | 8.12 | 0.7 | 7.7 | 16.0 | 8.1 | |
| 1897-1926 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 3.4 | 7.2 | 12.4 | 15.1 | 16.9 | 16.1 | 12.7 | 8.2 | 3.3 | 1.1 | 8.11 | 0.6 | 7.7 | 16.0 | 8.1 | |
| 1896-1925 | -0.1 | 0.6 | 3.5 | 7.1 | 12.4 | 15.2 | 16.8 | 16.0 | 12.7 | 8.3 | 3.12 | 1.0 | 8.07 | 0.6 | 7.7 | 16.0 | 8.02 | |
| 1895-1924 | -0.3 | 0.2 | 3.5 | 7.1 | 12.3 | 15.3 | 16.8 | 16.0 | 12.8 | 8.2 | 3.2 | 1.0 | 8.04 | 0.4 | 7.7 | 16.0 | 8.1 | |
| 1894-1923 | -0.2 | 0.4 | 3.6 | 7.2 | 12.2 | 15.2 | 16.9 | 16.0 | 12.7 | 8.2 | 3.3 | 1.0 | 8.06 | 0.5 | 7.7 | 16.0 | 8.1 | |
| 1893-1922 | -0.5 | 0.4 | 3.5 | 7.3 | 12.3 | 15.4 | 16.8 | 15.9 | 12.7 | 8.2 | 3.3 | 1.1 | 8.06 | 0.3 | 7.7 | 16.1 | 8.0 | |
| 1892-1921 | -0.5 | 0.5 | 3.4 | 7.4 | 12.2 | 15.4 | 16.8 | 16.2 | 12.8 | 8.2 | 3.3 | 0.9 | 8.07 | 0.4 | 7.7 | 16.1 | 8.1 | |
| 1891-1920 | -0.8 | 0.4 | 3.3 | 7.3 | 12.2 | 15.4 | 16.8 | 16.1 | 12.8 | 8.2 | 3.4 | 1.0 | 8.02 | 0.2 | 7.6 | 16.1 | 8.1 | |
| 1890-1919 | -0.8 | 0.2 | 3.3 | 7.2 | 12.2 | 15.3 | 16.7 | 16.1 | 12.8 | 8.2 | 3.4 | 0.8 | 7.97 | 0.2 | 7.6 | 16.1 | 8.2 | |
| 1889-1918 | -0.9 | 0.2 | 3.2 | 7.2 | 12.3 | 15.5 | 16.8 | 16.1 | 12.7 | 8.3 | 3.5 | 0.7 | 7.97 | 0.1 | 7.6 | 16.1 | 8.2 | |
| 1888-1917 | -1.0 | 0.0 | 3.1 | 7.1 | 12.2 | 15.6 | 16.7 | 16.1 | 12.7 | 8.2 | 3.5 | 0.6 | 7.92 | 0.0 | 7.5 | 16.1 | 8.1 | |
| 1887-1916 | -1.0 | 0.1 | 3.1 | 7.2 | 12.1 | 15.4 | 16.69 | 16.1 | 12.61 | 8.2 | 3.4 | 0.6 | 7.90 | 0.0 | 7.7 | 16.1 | 8.1 | |
| 1886-1915 | -1.2 | 0.0 | 3.0 | 7.2 | 12.1 | 15.5 | 16.8 | 16.1 | 12.7 | 8.2 | 3.5 | 0.6 | 7.88 | -0.1 | 7.5 | 16.1 | 8.1 | |
| 1885-1914 | -1.3 | 0.1 | 3.0 | 7.3 | 11.9 | 15.5 | 16.8 | 16.1 | 12.7 | 8.2 | 3.5 | 0.5 | 7.88 | -0.1 | 7.5 | 16.1 | 8.2 | |
| 1884-1913 | -1.1 | 0.0 | 3.0 | 7.2 | 12.0 | 15.4 | 16.8 | 16.1 | 12.8 | 8.2 | 3.4 | 0.4 | 7.88 | -0.1 | 7.4 | 16.1 | 8.2 | |
| 1883-1912 | -1.1 | 0.1 | 2.8 | 7.1 | 12.0 | 15.5 | 16.9 | 16.1 | 12.8 | 8.2 | 3.4 | 0.4 | 7.86 | -0.1 | 7.3 | 16.1 | 8.1 | |
| 1882-1911 | -1.1 | 0.1 | 2.8 | 7.1 | 12.0 | 15.4 | 16.9 | 16.1 | 13.0 | 8.3 | 3.4 | 0.3 | 7.88 | -0.1 | 7.3 | 16.1 | 8.2 | |
| year | Month according to DWD | Year DWD | Season according to DWD | |||||||||||||||
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | |||
| 1986-2015 | 0.76 | 1.19 | 4.43 | 8.64 | 13.08 | 15.89 | 18.06 | 17.62 | 13.55 | 9.30 | 4.69 | 1.65 | 9.07 | 1.20 | 8.72 | 17.19 | 9.18 | |
| 1881-1910 | -1.20 | 0.00 | 2.72 | 7.10 | 11.96 | 15.43 | 16.83 | 16.01 | 12.89 | 8.16 | 3.44 | 0.21 | 7.80 | -0.33 | 7.26 | 16.09 | 8.16 | |
| Temperature difference | 1.95 | 1.19 | 1.70 | 1.54 | 1.12 | 0.46 | 1.23 | 1.61 | 0.67 | 1.14 | 1.25 | 1.45 | 1.27 | 1.53 | 1.46 | 1.10 | 1.02 | |
| 1871-1900 | -1.3 | 0.1 | 2.7 | 7.2 | 11.4 | 15.5 | 16.9 | 16.3 | 13.1 | 8.0 | 3.4 | -0.2 | 7.8 | -0.5 | 7.2 | 16.2 | 8.1 | |
| 1861-1890 | -1.1 | 0.3 | 2.6 | 7.4 | 11.7 | 15.4 | 16.9 | 16.2 | 13.2 | 8.0 | 3.2 | -0.4 | 7.8 | -0.4 | 7.2 | 16.2 | 8.1 | |
| year | Month after Baur | Year Baur | Season after Baur | Year Berkeley | ||||||||||||||
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | |||
| 1851-1880 | -0.8 | 0.0 | 2.5 | 7.2 | 11.3 | 15.6 | 16.9 | 16.4 | 13.0 | 8.4 | 2.6 | -0.5 | 7.7 | -0.5 | 7.0 | 16.3 | 8.0 | 7.9 |
| 1841-1870 | -1.5 | -0.2 | 2.1 | 7.1 | 11.8 | 15.5 | 16.6 | 16.2 | 12.8 | 8.4 | 2.7 | -0.3 | 7.6 | -0.7 | 7.1 | 16.1 | 8.0 | 7.9 |
| 1831-1860 | -1.7 | -0.5 | 2.0 | 6.7 | 11.7 | 15.6 | 16.5 | 16.2 | 12.6 | 8.4 | 2.6 | -0.3 | 7.4 | -0.8 | 6.8 | 16.1 | 7.9 | 7.8 |
| 1821-1850 | -2.5 | -0.5 | 2.4 | 7.2 | 12.0 | 15.4 | 16.6 | 16.1 | 12.8 | 8.3 | 3.3 | 0.1 | 7.6 | -1.0 | 7.3 | 16.1 | 8.1 | 7.9 |
| 1811-1840 | -2.4 | -0.4 | 2.7 | 7.3 | 12.1 | 15.4 | 16.6 | 16.0 | 12.7 | 8.2 | 3.1 | -0.3 | 7.5 | -1.0 | 7.4 | 16.0 | 8.0 | 7.9 |
| 1801-1830 | -2.5 | -0.7 | 2.4 | 7.2 | 12.3 | 15.0 | 16.6 | 16.4 | 12.9 | 8.0 | 3.0 | -0.3 | 7.5 | -1.2 | 7.3 | 16.0 | 8.0 | 7.9 |
| 1791-1820 | -2.0 | -0.2 | 2.1 | 7.4 | 12.3 | 14.9 | 16.6 | 16.6 | 12.9 | 8.0 | 2.8 | -0.8 | 7.5 | -1.0 | 7.3 | 16.1 | 7.9 | 7.9 |
| 1781-1810 | -1.6 | -0.3 | 1.7 | 7.2 | 12.4 | 15.3 | 16.9 | 16.9 | 13.3 | 7.9 | 2.8 | -0.6 | 7.6 | -0.9 | 7.1 | 16.4 | 8.0 | 8.0 |
| 1771-1800 | -1.8 | -0.2 | 2.3 | 7.4 | 12.3 | 15.7 | 17.0 | 16.9 | 13.3 | 8.3 | 2.9 | -0.5 | 7.8 | -0.8 | 7.4 | 16.5 | 8.2 | 8.1 |
| 1761-1790 | -2.1 | -0.1 | 2.4 | 7.0 | 12.2 | 15.8 | 16.8 | 16.6 | 13.2 | 7.8 | 3.0 | -0.4 | 7.6 | -1.0 | 7.2 | 16.4 | 8.0 | 8.0 |
Time series, rankings and linear trends in Germany since 1881 in the decade 2011–2020
| parameter | month | year | season | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | |||
| 2020 average temperature in ° C | 3.48 | 5.29 | 5.27 | 10.35 | 11.91 | 16.89 | 17.69 | 4.17 | 9.18 | |||||||||
| Position (descending) in the period 1881–2020 | 9 | 2 | 31 | 7th | 92 | 22nd | 53 | 2 | 22nd | |||||||||
| Period 1881–2020 Trend: ° C / century | +1.50 | +1.10 | +1.4 | +1.4 | +0.7 | +0.8 | +1.1 | +1.3 | +1.1 | |||||||||
| Trend: ° K / 140 years period 1881–2020 (140 years) | +2.1 | +1.5 | +2.0 | +1.9 | +1.0 | +1.1 | +1.5 | +1.8 | +1.5 | |||||||||
| parameter | month | year | season | |||||||||||||||
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | |||
| 2019 average temperature in ° C | 0.63 | 3.95 | 6.58 | 9.62 | 10.99 | 19.78 | 18.90 | 19.06 | 14.05 | 10.81 | 5.22 | 3.75 | 10.28 | 2.82 | 9.06 | 19.25 | 10.03 | |
| Placement (descending) in the period 1881–2019 | 57 | 9 | 8th | 17th | 113 | 1 | 16 | 7th | 30th | 12 | 27 | 9 | 3 | 9 | 23 | 3 | 10 | |
| Trend: ° K / century period 1881–2019 | +1.4 | +0.9 | +1.4 | +1.3 | +0.7 | +0.8 | +1.1 | +1.5 | +0.8 | +1.3 | +1.2 | +1.3 | +1.1 | +1.2 | +1.1 | +1.2 | +1.1 | |
| Trend: ° K / 139 years period 1881–2019 (139 years) | +2.0 | +1.3 | +1.9 | +1.8 | +1.0 | +1.1 | +1.5 | +2.1 | +1.1 | +1.8 | +1.6 | +1.8 | +1.6 | +1.6 | +1.6 | +1.5 | +1.5 | |
| parameter | month | year | season | |||||||||||||||
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | |||
| 2018 average temperature in ° C | 3.72 | -1.87 | 2.36 | 12.32 | 16.03 | 17.73 | 20.29 | 19.91 | 15.09 | 10.72 | 5.21 | 3.90 | 10.45 | 1.52 | 10.24 | 19.31 | 10.34 | |
| Placement (descending) in the period 1881–2018 | 6th | 115 | 102 | 1 | 1 | 8th | 5 | 2 | 15th | 11 | 27 | 6th | 1 | 30th | 2 | 2 | 4th | |
| Period 1881–2018 Trend: ° C / century | +1.4 | +0.9 | +1.3 | +1.2 | +0.8 | +0.6 | +1.0 | +1.4 | +0.7 | +1.2 | +1.2 | +1.2 | +1.1 | +1.1 | +1.1 | +1.0 | +1.1 | |
| Trend: ° K / 138 years period 1881–2018 (138 years) | +1.9 | +1.2 | +1.8 | +1.6 | +1.0 | +0.9 | 1.4 | +1.9 | +1.0 | +1.7 | +1.7 | +1.7 | +1.5 | +1.5 | +1.5 | +1.4 | +1.5 | |
| parameter | month | year | season | |||||||||||||||
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | |||
| 2017 average temperature in ° C | -2.15 | 2.90 | 7.20 | 7.42 | 14.13 | 17.76 | 18.06 | 17.87 | 12.79 | 11.14 | 5.11 | 2.71 | 9.58 | 0.97 | 9.58 | 17.90 | 9.68 | |
| Placement (descending) in the period 1881–2017 | 100 | 25th | 1 | 74 | 16 | 6th | 38 | 23 | 89 | 6th | 30th | 25th | 7th | 52 | 10 | 9 | 19th | |
| Period 1881–2017 Trend: ° C / century | +1.39 | +0.95 | +1.39 | +1.17 | +0.73 | + 0.58 | +0.58 | + 0.95 | + 1.39 | +0.73 | +1.24 | +1.17 | +1.02 | +1.09 | +1.09 | +0.95 | +1.02 | |
| Trend: ° K / 137 years period 1881–2017 (137 years) | +1.9 | +1.3 | +1.9 | +1.6 | +1.0 | +0.8 | +1.3 | +1.9 | +1.0 | +1.7 | +1.6 | +1.6 | +1.4 | +1.5 | +1.5 | +1.3 | +1.4 | |
| parameter | month | year | season | |||||||||||||||
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | |||
| 2016 average temperature in ° C | 1.01 | 3.33 | 4.01 | 7.89 | 13.69 | 16.99 | 18.61 | 17.72 | 16.85 | 8.49 | 3.83 | 2.16 | 9.55 | 3.61 | 8.53 | 17.77 | 9.72 | |
| Placement (descending) in the period 1881–2016 | 47 | 18th | 63 | 61 | 30th | 17th | 23 | 27 | 2 | 77 | 73 | 38 | 10 | 3 | 37 | 11 | 17th | |
| Period 1881–2016 Trend: ° C / century | +1.40 | +0.88 | +1.32 | +1.18 | +0.66 | +0.51 | +0.96 | +1.40 | +0.74 | +1.18 | +1.10 | +1.10 | +1.03 | +1.10 | + 1.03 | + 0.96 | +1.03 | |
| Trend: ° K / 136 years period 1881–2016 (136 years) | +1.9 | +1.2 | +1.8 | +1.6 | +0.9 | +0.7 | +1.3 | +1.9 | +1.0 | +1.6 | +1.5 | +1.5 | +1.4 | +1.5 | +1.4 | +1.3 | +1.4 | |
| parameter | month | year | season | |||||||||||||||
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | |||
| 2015 average temperature in ° C | 2.19 | 0.72 | 5.18 | 8.42 | 12.34 | 15.82 | 19.39 | 19.87 | 12.96 | 8.38 | 7.51 | 6.49 | 9.94 | 1.88 | 8.65 | 18.36 | 9.62 | |
| Placement (descending) in the period 1881–2015 | 25th | 68 | 32 | 42 | 72 | 56 | 7th | 2 | 84 | 79 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 26th | 32 | 4th | 19th | |
| Period 1881–2015 Trend: ° C / century | +1.41 | +0.81 | +1.33 | +1.19 | +0.52 | +0.52 | +0.89 | +1.33 | +0.66 | +1.19 | +1.19 | + 1.11 | +1.04 | +0.96 | + 1.04 | + 0.96 | +1.04 | |
| Trend: ° K / 135 years period 1881–2015 (135 years) | +1.9 | +1.1 | +1.8 | +1.6 | +0.9 | +0.7 | +1.2 | +1.8 | +0.9 | +1.6 | +1.6 | +1.5 | +1.4 | +1.5 | +1.5 | +1.3 | +1.4 | |
| parameter | month | year | season | |||||||||||||||
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | |||
| 2014 average temperature in ° C | +2.12 | +4.34 | + 6.94 | +10.77 | +12.40 | +16.09 | +19.30 | +15.96 | +14.92 | +11.88 | +6.47 | +2.73 | +10.33 | +3.34 | +10.04 | +17.12 | +11.09 | |
| Placement (descending) in the period 1881–2014 | 26th | 6th | 3 | 4th | 4th | 44 | 8th | 88 | 16 | 3 | 8th | 112 | 1 | 4th | 3 | 26th | 2 | |
| Period 1881–2014 Trend: ° C / century | +1.34 | +0.82 | +1.34 | +1.19 | +0.67 | +0.52 | +0.89 | +1.27 | +0.67 | +1.19 | +1.04 | +0.97 | +0.97 | +0.82 | +1.04 | +0.82 | +0.97 | |
| Trend: ° K / 134 years period 1881–2014 (134 years) | +1.8 | +1.1 | +1.8 | +1.6 | +0.9 | +0.7 | +1.2 | +1.7 | +0.9 | +1.6 | +1.4 | +1.3 | +1.3 | +1.1 | +1.4 | +1.1 | +1.3 | |
| parameter | month | year | season | |||||||||||||||
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | |||
| 2013 average temperature in ° C | +0.20 | -0.72 | +0.07 | +8.10 | +11.78 | +15.66 | +19.45 | +17.93 | +13.27 | +10.64 | +4.63 | +3.56 | +8.71 | +0.32 | +6.65 | +17.68 | +9.51 | |
| Placement (descending) in the period 1881–2013 | 62 | 96 | 129 | 49 | 90 | 58 | 6th | 19th | 68 | 11 | 46 | 10 | 40 | 76 | 119 | 10 | 23 | |
| Period 1881–2013 Trend: ° C / century | +1.28 | +0.68 | +1.20 | +1.13 | +0.68 | +0.53 | +0.83 | +1.35 | + 0.60 | +1.13 | +0.98 | +0.90 | +0.90 | +0.75 | +0.98 | +0.90 | +0.90 | |
| Trend: ° K / 133 years period 1881–2013 (133 years) | +1.7 | +0.9 | +1.6 | +1.5 | +0.9 | +0.7 | +1.1 | +1.8 | + 0.8 | +1.5 | +1.3 | +1.2 | +1.2 | +1.0 | +1.3 | +1.2 | +1.2 | |
| parameter | month | year | season | |||||||||||||||
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | |||
| 2012 average temperature in ° C | 1.91 | -2.50 | 6.94 | 8.15 | 14.21 | 15.47 | 17.39 | 18.43 | 13.63 | 8.72 | 5.2 | 1.49 | 9.09 | 1.10 | 9.77 | 17.10 | 9.18 | |
| Position (descending) in the period 1881–2012 | 28 | 115 | 2 | 48 | 12 | 66 | 58 | 12 | 48 | 61 | 25th | 51 | 16 | 44 | 7th | 25th | 35 | |
| Period 1881–2012 Trend: ° C / century | +1.36 | +0.76 | +1.37 | +1.14 | +0.68 | + 0.53 | +0.76 | + 1.29 | + 0.68 | +1.06 | + 0.98 | +0.83 | 0.91 | +0.76 | 1.06 | 0.83 | 0.91 | |
| Trend: ° K / 132 years period 1881–2012 (132 years) | +1.7 | +1.0 | +1.8 | +1.5 | +0.9 | +0.7 | +1.0 | +1.7 | +0.9 | +1.4 | +1.3 | +1.1 | +1.2 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 1.1 | 1.2 | |
| parameter | month | year | season | |||||||||||||||
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | |||
| 2011 average temperature in ° C | 0.95 | 0.93 | 4.91 | 11.59 | 13.87 | 16.54 | 16.10 | 17.72 | 15.22 | 9.39 | 4.50 | 3.90 | 9.64 | -059 | 10.12 | 16.79 | 9.70 | |
| Placement (descending) in the period 1881–2011 | 45 | 63 | 36 | 2 | 23 | 27 | 104 | 22nd | 10 | 39 | 48 | 4th | 4th | 96 | 2 | 41 | 16 | |
| Period 1881–2011 Trend: ° C / century | +1.24 | +0.85 | + 1.29 | + 1.15 | + 0.67 | +0.52 | +0.78 | + 1.29 | + 0.66 | +1.12 | +0.99 | +0.82 | +0.93 | +0.89 | +1.00 | + 0.87 | +0.92 | |
| Trend: ° K / 131 years period 1881–2011 (131 years) | +1.62 | +1.11 | +1.69 | +1.51 | +0.88 | +0.68 | +1.02 | +1.69 | +0.86 | +1.47 | +1.30 | +1.07 | +1.22 | +1.17 | 1.31 | +1.14 | +1.21 | |
- Trends in Germany since 1881 ; Diagrams of the German Weather Service
- Trend in Germany from 1881 to 2018; Climate press conference of the German Weather Service on March 26, 2018 in Berlin, facts and figures on climate change in Germany, pages 15 to 20 by the German Weather Service DWD
- Sources of monthly, seasonal and annual mean temperatures:
- TXT file from DWD for January 2020, last column [2]
- TXT file from DWD for February 2020, last column [3]
- TXT files from DWD for winter 2019/20, last column [4]
- TXT file from DWD for March 2020, last column [5]
- TXT file from DWD for April 2020, last column [6]
- TXT file from DWD for May 2020, last column [7]
- TXT files from DWD for spring 2020, last column [8]
- TXT file from DWD for June 2020, last column [9]
- TXT file from DWD for July 2020, last column [10]
- TXT file from DWD for August 2019, last column [11]
- TXT files from DWD for summer 2019, last column [12]
- TXT file from DWD for September 2019, last column [13]
- TXT file from DWD for October 2019, last column [14]
- TXT file from DWD for November 2019, last column [15]
- TXT file from DWD for autumn 2019, last column [16]
- TXT file from DWD for December 2019, last column [17]
- TXT file from DWD for 2019, last column [18]
Linear trends in Germany in the period 2000–2020
Linear trends in Germany in the period 2000–2020, created analogously to the trends in mean global surface temperature according to NCDC / NESDIS / NOAA in the periods 1880–2014 (134 years) and 1998–2014 (17 years): see last graphic.
Trends in mean global surface temperature according to NCDC / NESDIS / NOAA as a comparison with linear trends in Germany
- 1880 - 2014 trend: + 1.17F per century ”(0.65 ° C per century),
- 1998 - 2014 trend: + 1.04F per century ”(0.58 ° C per century).
Technical literature: Hut
"The basics of engineering knowledge", 30. Edition, pages A 148 to A154, regression
Abstract:
A linear regression function is called a regression line
μ (x) = α + βx, the slope ß of the straight line is called the regression coefficient [19]
Table: Linear trends in Germany since 2000
Blue and minus (-) = negative linear trend in degrees Celsius per decade and per century. Plus (+) = positive linear trend in degrees Celsius per decade and per century.
| Period 2000-2020 | month | year | season | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | ||
| 2000-2020 (21 years) β = RGP | +0.054 | +0.019 | +0.036 | +0.051 | -0.051 | +0.049 | +0.066 | +0.066 | +0.012 | ||||||||
| Trend: ° C / decade | +0.54 | +0.19 | +0.36 | +0.51 | -0.51 | +0.49 | +0.66 | +0.66 | +0.12 | ||||||||
| Trend: ° C / 21 years | +1.13 | +0.40 | +0.76 | +1.07 | -1.07 | +1.03 | +1.39 | +1.39 | +0.25 | ||||||||
| Trend: ° C / century | +5.4 | +1.9 | +3.6 | +5.1 | -5.1 | +4.9 | +6.6 | +6.6 | +1.2 | ||||||||
| Period 2000-2019 | month | year | season | ||||||||||||||
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | ||
| 2000-2019 (20 years) β = RGP | +0.020 | -0.036 | +0.032 | +0.042 | -0.039 | +0.054 | +0.088 | +0.031 | +0.050 | +0.024 | +0.011 | +0.148 | +0.035 | +0.035 | +0.012 | +0.058 | +0.029 |
| Trend: ° C / decade | +0.20 | -0.36 | +0.32 | +0.42 | -0.39 | +0.54 | +0.88 | +, 031 | +0.50 | +0.24 | +0.11 | +1.48 | +0.35 | +3.5 | +0.12 | +0.58 | +0.29 |
| Trend: ° C / 20 years | +0.40 | -0.72 | +0.64 | +0.84 | -0.78 | +1.08 | +1.76 | +0.62 | +1.00 | +0.48 | +0.22 | +2.96 | +0.70 | +0.70 | +0.24 | +1.16 | +0.58 |
| Trend: ° C / century | 2.0 | -3.6 | +3.2 | +4.2 | -3.9 | +5.4 | +8.8 | +3.1 | +5.0 | +2.4 | +1.1 | +14.8 | +3.5 | +3.5 | +1.2 | +5.8 | +2.9 |
| Period 2000-2018 | month | year | season | ||||||||||||||
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | ||
| 2000-2018 (19 years) β = RGP | +0.026 | -0.087 | +0.003 | +0.042 | -0.004 | +0.009 | +0.094 | +0.017 | +0.058 | +0.009 | +0.014 | +0.141 | +0.027 | +0.016 | +0.013 | +0.040 | +0.026 |
| Trend: ° C / decade | +0.26 | -0.87 | +0.03 | +0.42 | -0.04 | +0.09 | +0.94 | +0.17 | +0.58 | +0.09 | +0.14 | 1.41 | +0.27 | +0.16 | +0.13 | +0.40 | +0.26 |
| Trend: ° C / 19 years | +0.49 | -165 | +0.06 | +0.80 | -0.08 | +0.17 | +1.79 | +0.32 | +1.10 | +0.13 | +0.27 | +2.68 | +0.51 | +0.30 | +0.25 | +0.76 | +0.49 |
| Trend: ° C / century | 2.6 | -8.7 | +0.3 | +4.2 | -0.4 | +0.9 | +9.4 | +1.7 | +5.8 | +0.9 | +1.4 | +14.1 | +2.7 | +1.6 | +1.3 | +4.0 | +2.6 |
| Period 2000-2017 | month | year | season | ||||||||||||||
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | ||
| 2000-2017 (18 years) β = RGP | -0.027 | -0.039 | +0.045 | -0.011 | - 0.055 | -0.013 | +0.074 | -0.019 | +0.046 | -0.010 | +0.018 | +0.129 | +0.010 | +0.016 | -0.007 | +0.014 | +0.018 |
| Trend: ° C / decade | -0.27 | -0.39 | +0.45 | -0.11 | -0.55 | -0.13 | +0.74 | -0.19 | + 0.46 | -0.100 | +0.180 | +1.29 | +0.1 | +0.16 | -0.07 | + 0.14 | +0.18 |
| Trend: ° C / 18 years | -0.49 | -0.70 | +0.81 | -0.20 | -0.99 | -0.23 | +1.33 | -0.34 | +0.83 | -0.18 | +0.32 | +2.32 | +0.18 | + 0.29 | -0.13 | +0.25 | +0.32 |
| Trend: ° C / century | -2.7 | -3.9 | +4.5 | -1.1 | -5.5 | -1.3 | +7.4 | -1.9 | +4.6 | -1.0 | +1.8 | +12.9 | +1.0 | +1.6 | -0.7 | +1.4 | +1.8 |
| Period 2000-2016 | month | year | season | ||||||||||||||
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | ||
| 2000-2016 (17 years) β = RGP | +0.030 | -0.077 | -0.003 | +0.022 | -0.083 | -0.045 | +0.092 | -0.025 | +0.079 | -0.045 | +0.025 | +0.137 | +0.007 | +0.026 | -0.022 | +0.008 | +0.019 |
| Trend: ° C / decade | +0.30 | -0.77 | -0.03 | +0.22 | -0.83 | -0.45 | +0.92 | -0.25 | +0.79 | -0.45 | +0.25 | +1.37 | +0.07 | +0.26 | -0.22 | + 0.08 | +0.19 |
| Trend: ° C / 17 years | +0.51 | -1.31 | -0.05 | +0.37 | -1.41 | -0.77 | +1.56 | -0.43 | +1.34 | -0.77 | +0.43 | +2.33 | +0.12 | +0.44 | -0.37 | +0.14 | +0.32 |
| Trend: ° C / century | +3.0 | -7.7 | -0.3 | +2.2 | -8.3 | -4.5 | +9.2 | -2.5 | +7.9 | -4.5 | +2.5 | +13.7 | +0.7 | +2.6 | -2.2 | +0.8 | +1.9 |
| Period 2000-2015 | month | year | season | ||||||||||||||
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | ||
| 2000-2015 (16 years) β = RGP | +0.031 | -0.140 | +0.009 | +0.057 | -0.111 | -0.069 | +0.104 | -0.028 | +0.022 | -0.028 | +0.067 | +0.155 | +0.004 | -0.026 | -0.015 | +0.020 | +0.019 |
| Trend: ° C / decade | +0.31 | -1.40 | +0.09 | +0.57 | -1.11 | -0.69 | +1.04 | -0.28 | +0.22 | -0.28 | +0.67 | +1.55 | +0.04 | -0.26 | -0.15 | + 0.02 | +0.19 |
| Trend: ° C / 16 years | +0.50 | -2.24 | +0.14 | + 0.91 | -1.78 | -1.10 | +1.66 | -0.45 | +0.35 | -0.45 | +1.07 | +2.48 | +0.06 | -0.42 | -0.24 | +0.32 | +0.30 |
| Trend: ° C / century | +3.1 | -14.0 | +0.9 | +5.7 | -11.1 | -6.9 | +10.4 | -2.8 | +2.2 | -2.8 | +6.7 | +15.5 | +0.4 | -2.6 | -1.5 | +0.2 | +1.9 |
| Period 2000-2014 | month | year | season | ||||||||||||||
| Jan. | Feb | March | April | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Win. | Early. | Som. | Her. | ||
- Sources of monthly, seasonal and annual mean temperatures [20] :
TXT file from DWD for January 2020, last column [21]
TXT file from DWD for February 2020, last column [22]
TXT files from DWD for winter 2020, last column [23]
TXT file from DWD for March 2020, last column [24]
TXT file from DWD for April 2020, last column [25]
TXT file from DWD for May 2020, last column [26]
TXT files from DWD for spring 2020, last column [27]
TXT file from DWD for June 2020, last column [28]
TXT file from DWD for July 2020, last column [29]
TXT file from DWD for August 2019, last column [30]
TXT files from DWD for summer 2019, last column [31]
TXT file from DWD for September 2019, last column [32]
TXT file from DWD for October 2019, last column [33]
TXT file from DWD for November 2019, last column [34]
TXT file from DWD for autumn 2019, last column [35]
TXT file from DWD for December 2019, last column [36]
TXT file from DWD for 2019, last column [37]
See also
- Consequences of global warming in Germany
- Global warming
- Climate history
- Climate model
- climatology
- Climate change
- Normal period
- Temperature records in Germany
- Time series of the total precipitation in Germany since 1881
literature
- Jörg Rapp: Concept, problems and results of climatological trend analyzes for Europe and Germany , reports of the German Weather Service - number 212, self-published by the German Weather Service, Offenbach am Main 2000, ISBN 3-88148-365-9 , open access
- Ute Mayer, Jörg Kudlinski and Gerhard Müller-Westermeier: Climatological evaluation of time series of the monthly mean air temperature and the monthly precipitation amount in the 20th century , reports of the German Weather Service - number 223, self-published by the German Weather Service, Offenbach am Main 2003, ISBN 3-88148 -390-X , Open Access
- Jutta Herzog and Gerhard Müller-Westermeier: Homogeneity test and homogenization of climatological measurement series in the German Weather Service , reports of the German Weather Service - number 202, self-published by the German Weather Service, Offenbach am Main 1998, ISBN 3-88148-336-5 , open access
- Christian-Dietrich Schönwiese : Climatology , Verlag Eugen Ulmer Stuttgart, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-8252-1793-0
- Hans Häckel: Meteorologie , Verlag Eugen Ulmer Stuttgart, Stuttgart 1999, ISBN 3-8001-2728-8
- Rüdiger Glaser : Climate History of Central Europe - 1000 Years of Weather, Climate, Disasters , Primus Verlag, Darmstadt 2001, ISBN 3-89678-405-6
- Christian Pfister : Weather forecast - 500 years of climatic variations and natural disasters , Paul Haupt Publishing House, Basel 1999, ISBN 3-258-05696-X
- Gerhard Müller-Westermeier: Weather and Climate in Germany , 4th revised edition, Hirzel Verlag Stuttgart, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 3-7776-1421-1
- Frank Kaspar, Hermann Mächel: Observation of climate and climate change in Central Europe and Germany , Chapter 3 in: Climate change in Germany , pages 17-26, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg 2016, ISBN 978-3-662-50397-3 Open Access
Web links
- Climate statistics according to Baur
- Climate Data Center: Freely accessible climate data from the German Weather Service.
- Time series of the territorial means since 1881 for Germany, federal states and combinations of federal states:
- Annual mean temperature values (German Weather Service, Climate Data Center ): [38]
- Monthly temperature mean values (German Weather Service, Climate Data Center ): [39]
- Seasonal mean temperature values (German Weather Service, Climate Data Center ): [40]
- Time series and trends for Germany . Diagrams of the time series of the German Weather Service.
- German Climate Atlas : Interactive graphic preparation of the time series and grid data of the German Weather Service.
Individual evidence
- ↑ CDC portal of the German Weather Service , map created on January 12, 2019
- ↑ a b Kaspar, F .; Mächel, H .: Observation of climate and climate change in Central Europe and Germany , Chapter 3 in: Climate change in Germany , pages 17-26, ISBN 978-3-662-50397-3 , doi: 10.1007 / 978-3-662-50397 -3_3 , Springer, Berlin Heidelberg 2016. PDF via link.springer.com
- ^ Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon, 6th edition 1905–1909: Nationalization of the station network
- ^ Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon, 6th edition 1905–1909: Founding of the Deutsche Seewarte
- ↑ Kaspar, F., Tinz, B., Mächel, H., Gates, L .: Data rescue of national and international meteorological observations at Deutscher Wetterdienst , Adv. Sci. Res., 12, 57-61, doi: 10.5194 / asr-12-57-2015 , 2015.
- ^ Christian-Dietrich Schönwiese: climatology. Page 75.
- ↑ a b Löffler, Hans: Meteorologische Bodenmesstechnik . Guidelines for training in the DWD, Volume 6, 3rd completely revised edition. 2012, 234 pages. dwd.de
- ↑ a b Kaspar, F., Hannak, L., Schreiber, K.-J .: Climate reference stations in Germany: Status, parallel measurements and homogeneity of temperature time series , Adv. Sci. Res., 2016, 13, 163-171, doi: 10.5194 / asr-13-163-2016 .
- ↑ Supplement to the Berlin weather map 44/13 SO 15/13 (PDF)
- ↑ wzforum.de contribution in the Wetterzentrale forum
- ↑ Kaspar, F .; Hannak, L .: On the effect of the automation of temperature measurements on the series of measurements of the German Weather Service . Announcements of the German Meteorological Society, 2/2016 , pages 8–9, researchgate.net
- ↑ German Meteorological Service: Annual regional mean air temperature (annual mean) in ° C (2 m height) , data record description , last accessed: September 24, 2019
- ↑ World Meteorological Organization: Technical Regulations, Volume I: General Meteorological Standards and Recommended Practices , ISBN 92-63-18049-0 , PDF document , Geneva, 1988, pages B-1-3
- ^ Reports of the German Weather Service - number 212, pages 50 to 56.
- ↑ Reports of the German Weather Service - Number 202, 27 pages.
- ^ Reports of the German Weather Service - Number 212, Pages 138 to 143.
- ↑ a b R. Ullrich: Monthly temperature deviations from the reference period 1961–1990 . (PDF; 918 kB) Climate status report 2001 by the DWD, p. 134 ff.
- ↑ a b DWD press releases
- ↑ Franz Baur: Deviations of the monthly mean temperature of Central Europe from the 210-year mean value (1761-1970) , supplement to the Berlin weather map 76/75
- ↑ J. Pelz, U. Rügen, P. Schlaak: On the continuation of the temperature series published by F. Baur in 1975 for Central Europe from 1761 and the precipitation series for Germany west of the Oder from 1851 , supplement to the Berliner Wetterkarte 50/96, FU Berlin 1996
- ↑ J. Pelz, U. Rügen, P. Schlaak: Supplementary reprint of supplement 50/96 of April 30, 1996 , supplement to the Berlin weather map 50/06, FU Berlin 2006
- ↑ Link to the PDF file "Supplementary reprint of supplement 50/96 of April 30, 1996": met.fu-berlin.de (PDF)
- ↑ Temperature series according to Baur
- ↑ Jörg Rapp: Concept, problem and results of climatological trend analyzes for Europe and Germany. Reports of the German Weather Service - Number 212 , 2000. Page 85
- ↑ a b c page "Time series and trends" of the German Weather Service
- ↑ Deutscher Wetterdienst, Climate Data Center: Grid of the monthly mean air temperature (2m) for Germany , data set description of March 24, 2017 [1]
- ↑ a b c d Kaspar, F., Müller-Westermeier, G., Penda, E., Mächel, H., Zimmermann, K., Kaiser-Weiss, A., Deutschländer, T .: Monitoring of climate change in Germany - data, products and services of Germany's National Climate Data Center , Adv. Sci. Res., 10, 99-106, doi: 10.5194 / asr-10-99-2013 , 2013
- ^ Deutscher Wetterdienst, Climate Data Center: Raster data of the temperature for Germany
- ↑ Deutscher Wetterdienst, Climate Data Center: Regional mean temperature values for Germany
- ^ German Climate Atlas of the German Weather Service
- ^ Reports of the German Weather Service - number 223, page 8
- ^ Reports of the German Weather Service - number 212, pages 83 and 84.
- ^ Reports of the German Weather Service - number 212, pages 90 and 91
- ↑ a b Reports of the German Weather Service - Number 212, page 83
- ↑ Page no longer available , search in web archives: Climate study by Christian-D. Schönwiese, page 5 (PDF file - 1.3 MB)
- ^ Reports of the German Weather Service - Number 212, page 49
- ↑ Hans Häckel: Meteorologie , page 296.
- ↑ a b c d Gerhard Müller-Westermeier: Weather and Climate in Germany
- ↑ opendata.dwd.de
- ^ Reports of the German Weather Service - number 212, pages 50 to 56 and 138 to 143.
- ^ Friedrich, K .; Kaspar, F .: Review of 2018 - the warmest year so far in Germany , report by the German Weather Service , as of January 2, 2019
- ↑ Double record! June in Germany has never been warmer and sunnier. In: dwd.de. German Weather Service, June 28, 2019, accessed on July 2, 2019 .
- ↑ Florian Imbery, Karsten Friedrich, Rainer Fleckenstein, Frank Kaspar, Peter Bissolli, Jan Daßler and Susanne Haeseler: New record for the mean June temperature for Germany and intense heat wave in Europe . In: dwd.de, July 3, 2019, accessed on July 6, 2019.
- ↑ Josephine Lütke: Debate about Lingen's heat record always heated . In: ndr.de, July 31, 2019.
- ↑ Weather and Climate - German Weather Service - Press - Temperature measurement of the Lingen weather station is being investigated. Retrieved July 3, 2020 .
- ↑ James Hansen: Potential climate impact of Mount Pinatubo eruption . Ed .: Geophysical Research Letters. tape 19 , no. 2 . American Geophysical Union, January 24, 1992.
- ↑ Ludwig Z'graggen: The maximum temperatures in the hot summer 2003 and comparison with earlier extreme temperatures . In: MeteoSchweiz (Ed.): Work reports . No. 212 , 2006, abstract, p. 71 ff . ( pdf , MeteoSwiss).
- ↑ a b Annual mean temperature in Germany according to Berkeley Earth
- ↑ a b Berkeley Earth Region Germany
- ↑ NCDC / NESDIS / NOAA global trends in the periods 1880-2014 and 1998-2014
