Caldwell catalog
The Caldwell Catalog is an amateur astronomical observation list with a selection of 109 observations of amateur astronomy interesting deep-sky objects such as bright star clusters , nebulae and galaxies . The list was compiled by Sir Patrick Caldwell-Moore as a supplement to the Messier catalog .
The Messier catalog is often used by amateur astronomers as a watch list of interesting objects in deep space. The Caldwell catalog supplements them with a number of objects that are among the brightest in the night sky but are missing from the Messier catalog, such as the Hyades , the double cluster NGC 869 and NGC 884 or NGC 253 .
Patrick Moore also added objects from the southern hemisphere such as Omega Centauri , Centaurus A , Herschel's jewelery boxes and 47 Tucanae , which are completely missing from the Messier catalog. He compiled a list of 109 objects and published the catalog in Sky & Telescope in December 1995.
Since its publication, the catalog has become increasingly popular among amateur astronomers. Minor bugs in the original 1995 version have since been corrected. The original list still incorrectly identified the S Norma Cluster ( NGC 6087 ) as NGC 6067 and the Lambda Centauri Cluster ( IC 2944 ) as Gamma Centauri Cluster . Since the first letter M of the one surname Moore for the catalog abbreviation was already used by the Messier catalog, the C of the second surname is used as the letter for the catalog index designation.
As mentioned above, the list was made with objects already discovered by professional astronomers. In contrast to the Messier catalog, where the objects are listed in the chronological order of their discovery, the order in the Caldwell catalog is defined by the declination of the objects, with C1 being the northernmost object and C109 the most southern object. However, this sequence is broken by the two objects NGC 4244 as C26 and the Hyades as C41.
Caldwell star chart
Number of objects depending on the type in the Caldwell catalog
Dark cloud | 1 |
Galaxy | 35 |
Globular clusters | 18th |
fog | 9 |
Star clusters | 25th |
Star clusters and nebulae | 6th |
Planetary nebula | 13 |
Supernova remnant | 2 |
total | 109 |
Caldwell objects
Key
Star clusters |
fog |
Galaxy |
1-10
Caldwell number | NGC number | Surname | image | Object type | Distance in thousands of light years | Constellation | Apparent brightness |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C1 | NGC 188 | Open star cluster | 4.8 | Cepheus | 8.1 | ||
C2 | NGC 40 | Scarabaeus Nebula or Bow-Tie Nebula | Planetary nebula | 3.5 | Cepheus | 11 | |
C3 | NGC 4236 | Galaxy | 7,000 | Dragon | 9.7 | ||
C4 | NGC 7023 | Iris nebula | Open star cluster and nebula | 1.4 | Cepheus | 7th | |
C5 | IC 342 | Galaxy | 10,000 | giraffe | 9 | ||
C6 | NGC 6543 | Cat's Eye Nebula | Planetary nebula | 3 | Dragon | 9 | |
C7 | NGC 2403 | Galaxy | 14,000 | giraffe | 8.4 | ||
C8 | NGC 559 | Open star cluster | 3.7 | Cassiopeia | 9.5 | ||
C9 | Sh2-155 | Cave fog | fog | 2.8 | Cepheus | 7.7 | |
C10 | NGC 663 | Open star cluster | 7.2 | Cassiopeia | 7.1 |
11-20
Caldwell number | NGC number | Surname | image | Object type | Distance in thousands of light years | Constellation | Apparent brightness |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C11 | NGC 7635 | Bubble mist | fog | 7.1 | Cassiopeia | - | |
C12 | NGC 6946 | Fireworks galaxy | Galaxy | 18,000 | Cepheus | 8.9 | |
C13 | NGC 457 | Owl heaps or ET heaps | Open star cluster | - | Cassiopeia | 6.4 | |
C14 | NGC 869 & NGC 884 | H & χ Persei | Open star cluster | 7.3 | Perseus | 4th | |
C15 | NGC 6826 | Blinking Planetary | Planetary nebula | 2.2 | swan | 10 | |
C16 | NGC 7243 | Open star cluster | 2.5 | lizard | 6.4 | ||
C17 | NGC 147 | Galaxy | 2,300 | Cassiopeia | 9.3 | ||
C18 | NGC 185 | Galaxy | 2,300 | Cassiopeia | 9.2 | ||
C19 | IC 5146 | Cocoon mist | Open star cluster and nebula | 3.3 | swan | 7.2 | |
C20 | NGC 7000 | North American Nebula | fog | 1.8 | swan | 4th |
21-30
Caldwell number | NGC number | Surname | image | Object type | Distance in thousands of light years | Constellation | Apparent brightness |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C21 | NGC 4449 | Galaxy | 10,000 | Hunting dogs | 9.4 | ||
C22 | NGC 7662 | Blue snowball | Planetary nebula | 3.2 | Andromeda | 9 | |
C23 | NGC 891 | Galaxy | 31,000 | Andromeda | 10 | ||
C24 | NGC 1275 | Perseus A | Seyfert Galaxy | 230,000 | Perseus | 11.6 | |
C25 | NGC 2419 | Globular clusters | 275 | lynx | 10.4 | ||
C26 | NGC 4244 | Galaxy | 10,000 | Hunting dogs | 10.2 | ||
C27 | NGC 6888 | Sickle nebula | fog | 4.7 | swan | 7.4 | |
C28 | NGC 752 | Open star cluster | 1.2 | Andromeda | 5.7 | ||
C29 | NGC 5005 | Galaxy | 69,000 | Hunting dogs | 9.8 | ||
C30 | NGC 7331 | Galaxy | 47,000 | Pegasus | 9.5 |
31-40
Caldwell number | NGC number | Surname | image | Object type | Distance in thousands of light years | Constellation | Apparent brightness |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C31 | IC 405 | Flaming Star Nebula | fog | 1.6 | Carter | - | |
C32 | NGC 4631 | Whale galaxy | Galaxy | 22,000 | Hunting dogs | 9.3 | |
C33 | NGC 6992 | Cirrus nebula | Supernova remnant | 2.5 | swan | - | |
C34 | NGC 6960 | Cirrus nebula | Supernova remnant | 2.5 | swan | - | |
C35 | NGC 4889 | Galaxy | 300,000 | Berenike's hair | 11.4 | ||
C36 | NGC 4559 | Galaxy | 32,000 | Berenike's hair | 9.9 | ||
C37 | NGC 6885 | Open star cluster | 1.95 | Fox | 6th | ||
C38 | NGC 4565 | Needle galaxy | Galaxy | 32,000 | Berenike's hair | 9.6 | |
C39 | NGC 2392 | Eskimo mist | Planetary nebula | 4th | Twins | 10 | |
C40 | NGC 3626 | Galaxy | 86,000 | lion | 10.9 |
41-50
Caldwell number | NGC number | Surname | image | Object type | Distance in thousands of light years | Constellation | Apparent brightness |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C41 | Mel 25 | Hyades | Open star cluster | 0.151 | bull | 0.5 | |
C42 | NGC 7006 | Globular clusters | 135 | dolphin | 10.6 | ||
C43 | NGC 7814 | Galaxy | 49,000 | Pegasus | 10.5 | ||
C44 | NGC 7479 | Galaxy | 106,000 | Pegasus | 11 | ||
C45 | NGC 5248 | Galaxy | 74,000 | Bear keeper | 10.2 | ||
C46 | NGC 2261 | Hubble's Variable Nebula | fog | 2.5 | unicorn | - | |
C47 | NGC 6934 | Globular clusters | 57 | dolphin | 8.9 | ||
C48 | NGC 2775 | Galaxy | 55,000 | cancer | 10.3 | ||
C49 | NGC 2237 | Rosette nebula | fog | 4.9 | unicorn | 9.0 | |
C50 | NGC 2244 | Open star cluster | 4.9 | unicorn | 4.8 |
51-60
Caldwell number | NGC number | Surname | image | Object type | Distance in thousands of light years | Constellation | Apparent brightness |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C51 | IC 1613 | Galaxy | 2,300 | whale | 9.3 | ||
C52 | NGC 4697 | Galaxy | 76,000 | Virgin | 9.3 | ||
C53 | NGC 3115 | Spindle Galaxy | Galaxy | 22,000 | sextant | 9.2 | |
C54 | NGC 2506 | Open star cluster | 10 | unicorn | 7.6 | ||
C55 | NGC 7009 | Saturn Nebula | Planetary nebula | 1.4 | Aquarius | 8th | |
C56 | NGC 246 | Planetary nebula | 1.6 | whale | 8th | ||
C57 | NGC 6822 | Barnard's Galaxy | Galaxy | 2,300 | Sagittarius | 9 | |
C58 | NGC 2360 | Open star cluster | 3.7 | Big dog | 7.2 | ||
C59 | NGC 3242 | Jupiter's spirit | Planetary nebula | 1.4 | Water snake | 9 | |
C60 | NGC 4038 | Antennae galaxies | Galaxy | 83,000 | Crow | 10.7 |
61-70
Caldwell number | NGC number | Surname | image | Object type | Distance in thousands of light years | Constellation | Apparent brightness |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C61 | NGC 4039 | Antennae galaxies | Galaxy | 83,000 | Crow | 13 | |
C62 | NGC 247 | Galaxy | 6,800 | whale | 8.9 | ||
C63 | NGC 7293 | Helix Nebula | Planetary nebula | 0.522 | Aquarius | 7.3 | |
C64 | NGC 2362 | Open star cluster and nebula | 5.1 | Big dog | 4.1 | ||
C65 | NGC 253 | Sculptor Galaxy or Silver Dollar Galaxy | Galaxy | 9,800 | sculptor | 7.1 | |
C66 | NGC 5694 | Globular clusters | 113 | Water snake | 10.2 | ||
C67 | NGC 1097 | Galaxy | 47,000 | Chemical furnace | 9.3 | ||
C68 | NGC 6729 | R CrA nebula | fog | 0.424 | Southern crown | - | |
C69 | NGC 6302 | Beetle nebula | Planetary nebula | 5.2 | Scorpio | 13 | |
C70 | NGC 300 | Galaxy | 3,900 | sculptor | 9 |
71-80
Caldwell number | NGC number | Surname | image | Object type | Distance in thousands of light years | Constellation | Apparent brightness |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C71 | NGC 2477 | Open star cluster | 3.7 | Aft deck of the ship | 5.8 | ||
C72 | NGC 55 | Galaxy | 4,200 | sculptor | 8th | ||
C73 | NGC 1851 | Globular clusters | 39.4 | Dove | 7.3 | ||
C74 | NGC 3132 | Southern Ring Nebula, or Eight-Burst Nebula | Planetary nebula | 2 | Sails of the ship | 8th | |
C75 | NGC 6124 | Open star cluster | 1.5 | Scorpio | 5.8 | ||
C76 | NGC 6231 | Open star cluster and nebula | 6th | Scorpio | 2.6 | ||
C77 | NGC 5128 | Centaurus A | Galaxy | 16,000 | centaur | 7th | |
C78 | NGC 6541 | Globular clusters | 22.3 | Southern crown | 6.6 | ||
C79 | NGC 3201 | Globular clusters | 17th | Sails of the ship | 6.8 | ||
C80 | NGC 5139 | Omega Centauri | Globular clusters | 17.3 | centaur | 3.7 |
81-90
Caldwell number | NGC number | Surname | image | Object type | Distance in thousands of light years | Constellation | Apparent brightness |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C81 | NGC 6352 | Globular clusters | 18.6 | altar | 8.2 | ||
C82 | NGC 6193 | Open star cluster | 4.3 | altar | 5.2 | ||
C83 | NGC 4945 | Galaxy | 17,000 | centaur | 9 | ||
C84 | NGC 5286 | Globular clusters | 36 | centaur | 7.6 | ||
C85 | IC 2391 | Omicron Velorum Cluster | Open star cluster | 0.5 | Sails of the ship | 2.5 | |
C86 | NGC 6397 | Globular clusters | 7.5 | altar | 5.7 | ||
C87 | NGC 1261 | Globular clusters | 55.5 | Pendulum clock | 8.4 | ||
C88 | NGC 5823 | Open star cluster | 3.4 | Circle | 7.9 | ||
C89 | NGC 6087 | S Norma Cluster | Open star cluster | 3.3 | Angle measure | 5.4 | |
C90 | NGC 2867 | Planetary nebula | 5.5 | Keel of the ship | 10 |
91-100
Caldwell number | NGC number | Surname | image | Object type | Distance in thousands of light years | Constellation | Apparent brightness |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C91 | NGC 3532 | Wishing Well Cluster | Open star cluster | 1.6 | Keel of the ship | 3 | |
C92 | NGC 3372 | Carina Nebula or Eta Carinae Nebula | fog | 7.5 | Keel of the ship | 3 | |
C93 | NGC 6752 | Globular clusters | 13 | peacock | 5.4 | ||
C94 | NGC 4755 | Herschel's jewelry box | Open star cluster | 4.9 | southern Cross | 4.2 | |
C95 | NGC 6025 | Open star cluster | 2.5 | Southern triangle | 5.1 | ||
C96 | NGC 2516 | Open star cluster | 1.3 | Keel of the ship | 3.8 | ||
C97 | NGC 3766 | Pearl cluster | Open star cluster | 5.8 | centaur | 5.3 | |
C98 | NGC 4609 | Open star cluster | 4.2 | southern Cross | 6.9 | ||
C99 | - | Coal sack | Dark cloud | 0.61 | southern Cross | - | |
C100 | IC 2944 | Running Chicken Nebula | Open star cluster and nebula | 6th | centaur | 4.5 |
101-109
Caldwell number | NGC number | Surname | image | Object type | Distance in thousands of light years | Constellation | Apparent brightness |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C101 | NGC 6744 | Galaxy | 34,000 | peacock | 9 | ||
C102 | IC 2602 | Southern Pleiades | Open star cluster | 0.492 | Keel of the ship | 1.9 | |
C103 | NGC 2070 | Tarantula mist | Open star cluster and nebula | 170 | Swordfish | 8.2 | |
C104 | NGC 362 | Globular clusters | 27.7 | Toucan | 6.6 | ||
C105 | NGC 4833 | Globular clusters | 19.6 | Fly | 7.4 | ||
C106 | NGC 104 | 47 Tucanae | Globular clusters | 14.7 | Toucan | 4th | |
C107 | NGC 6101 | Globular clusters | 49.9 | Bird of paradise | 9.3 | ||
C108 | NGC 4372 | Globular clusters | 18.9 | Fly | 7.8 | ||
C109 | NGC 3195 | Planetary nebula | 5.4 | chameleon | 11.6 |
additional
Remarks
- ↑ To reach the same number as in the Messier catalog
- ↑ C89 was erroneously defined as NGC 6067 in the original, but the description was that of NGC 6087.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Stephen James O'Meara: The Caldwell Objects . Cambridge University Press , 2002, ISBN 978-0-521-82796-6 .
- ^ Caldwell Club Introduction . Retrieved September 8, 2006.
- ^ Patrick Moore: Beyond Messier: The Caldwell Catalog . (Subscription required) In: Sky & Telescope . December 1995, p. 38. Retrieved August 29, 2006.
- ^ Martin Mobberley: The Caldwell Objects and How to Observe Them . Springer, 2009, ISBN 978-1-4419-0325-9 .