Celerina / Schlarigna
Celerina / Schlarigna | |
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State : | Switzerland |
Canton : | Graubünden (GR) |
Region : | Maloja |
BFS no. : | 3782 |
Postal code : | 7505 |
Coordinates : | 785 806 / 154055 |
Height : | 1714 m above sea level M. |
Height range : | 1709–3158 m above sea level M. |
Area : | 24.02 km² |
Residents: | 1502 (December 31, 2018) |
Population density : | 63 inhabitants per km² |
Website: | www.gemeinde-celerina.ch |
Celerina / Schlarigna |
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Location of the municipality | |
Celerina / Schlarigna ( German / Italian Celerina, Rhaeto-Romanic ) is a political municipality in the Maloja region of the Swiss canton of Graubünden . Until 1943 the community was officially called Celerina . After that she called herself Schlarigna / Celerina for seven years ; since 1950 it has been called Celerina / Schlarigna .
geography
Celerina is located in the Upper Engadine . The neighboring villages are St. Moritz in the southwest, Samedan in the northeast and Pontresina in the southeast. Since the valley near Celerina is open towards three directions, Celerina has more hours of sunshine than the surrounding villages. Celerina became famous above all for its bobsleigh run and its proximity to fashionable St. Moritz. The Las Trais Fluors plateau is located on the territory of Celerina .
history
A lance tip from the Iron Age was found in 1895. The remains of a Chastlatsch castle have been discovered a little east of Punt Muragl. A first document from 1320 deals with the flooding of the Flaz brook. The Romanesque bell tower of the church of S. Maria in Crasta was built in the 14th century. In 1478, the former parish church of San Gian with a single nave, a painted wooden ceiling and significant frescoes was built over a chapel in the Inner Plain from the year 1000 . In 1577, Celerina was the last Upper Engadine municipality to introduce the Reformation. 43 houses were destroyed in a village fire in 1631. In 1669 the large Bel Taimpel (German: Beautiful Temple) was built in the baroque style. A village fire destroyed 43 houses in 1631. In 1682 the large church tower of San Gian was struck by lightning, the pointed helmet burned out and was never rebuilt. A Trinity Church from the year 1000 stood by the Inn Bridge until around 1800.
The boom in tourism began in 1860 and the first hotels were built. In 1903, the destination station of the St. Moritz bobsleigh and skeleton track was built on the ground in Celerina and opened on January 1, 1904. From 1891 to 1968 the highest brewery in Europe was in Celerina. In the 20th century the Flaz and Schlattain brooks were dammed to prevent recurring damage. The Catholic S. Antonius Church was only built in 1939. Since 1958, a cable car to Saluver has opened up a ski region. Since then, numerous holiday residences have been built; As a result, Italian- and German-speaking immigrants have increased and Romansh natives have decreased.
population
Population development | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
year | 1850 | 1900 | 1950 | 1980 | 1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2012 | 2014 | 2016 |
Residents | 245 | 341 | 713 | 890 | 975 | 1353 | 1332 | 1533 | 1509 | 1504 | 1499 |
languages
Until the beginning of tourism, the entire population spoke Puter , a Rhaeto-Romanic dialect. While in 1860 96% and in 1880 still 76.9% stated Romansh as their mother tongue, this value fell to 68% in 1900 and 50% in 1941. The decline continued even after the Second World War. Nevertheless, in 1990 41% and in 2000 35% of the residents were able to communicate in Romansh. However, the only official language is German. The following table shows the development over the past decades:
Languages in Celerina / Schlarigna GR | ||||||
languages | 1980 census | 1990 census | 2000 census | |||
number | proportion of | number | proportion of | number | proportion of | |
German | 390 | 43.82% | 535 | 54.87% | 789 | 58.31% |
Romansh | 273 | 30.67% | 198 | 20.31% | 173 | 12.79% |
Italian | 178 | 20.00% | 176 | 18.05% | 261 | 19.29% |
Residents | 890 | 100% | 975 | 100% | 1353 | 100% |
Today there are more Italian speakers than Romansh speakers. This is due to the immigration of wealthy Italians.
Religions and denominations
In 1577, Celerina was the last municipality in the region to introduce the Reformation. Due to tourism and the immigration that followed, the Catholic denomination has increased again.
Origin and nationality
At the end of 2005, 950 (= 71%) of the 1332 residents were Swiss citizens.
Attractions
Churches
- San Gian
- Bel Taimpel
- Reformed Church Crasta
- Roman Catholic Parish Church
Houses
- Chesa Frizzoni
- Chesa Lorsa
- Hotel Cresta Palace
- Las Lavinatschas residential building
Technical equipment
- The destination station of the St. Moritz bobsleigh and skeleton track was built in Cresta in 1903
- Since 1958 a gondola lift - originally a system based on the Bell / Wallmannsberger system - has been running from Celerina to Alp Marguns.
- MZA Celerina , built in 1973
Personalities
- Jan Peider Danz (* around 1575 - 1620), 1600–1601 Reformed pastor in Celerina
- Antonio Frizzoni (* 1754 in Celerina, † 1835 in Bergamo ), son of Antonio, merchant, benefactor
- Thomas Frizzoni (* 1760 in Celerina, † 1845 in Bergamo), painter and mechanic
- Zaccaria Pallioppi (1820–1873), lawyer and linguist
- Giovannes Mathis (1824–1912), Romansh writer
- Reto R. Bezzola (1898–1983), Romance philologist and editor of a standard dictionary
- Vitale Ganzoni (* 1915 in Promontogno ) (town of Celerina / Schlarigna), painter, wood sculptor
- Giuliano Pedretti (1924–2012), draftsman, sgraffito artist and sculptor
- Erica Pedretti (* 1930), writer, object artist and painter
- Rem Koolhaas (* 1944), architect, owes the discovery of the country and its changes to his stays in Celerina
- Nico Baracchi (1957–2015), skeleton and bobsleigh pilot
- Barbara Hosch (* 1980), skeleton pilot
literature
- Ottavio Clavuot: Celerina / Schlarigna. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . 2005 .
- Erwin Poeschel : The art monuments of the canton of Graubünden. Volume III: The valleys of Räzünser Boden, Domleschg, Heinzenberg, Oberhalbstein, Upper and Lower Engadine (= Swiss art monuments. Volume 11). Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History GSK. Bern 1940. DNB 760079625 .
- Ludmila Seifert-Uherkovich: Celerina / Schlarigna (= Swiss Art Guide, No. 894, Series 90). Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History GSK. Bern 2011, ISBN 978-3-03797-024-9 .
Web links
- Celerina / Schlarigna on the ETHorama platform
- Official website of the municipality of Celerina / Schlarigna
- Celerina on elexikon.ch
- Castle world: Chastlatsch Castle
Individual evidence
- ↑ Permanent and non-permanent resident population by year, canton, district, municipality, population type and gender (permanent resident population). In: bfs. admin.ch . Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 31, 2019, accessed on December 22, 2019 .
- ^ Ottavio Clavuot: Celerina / Schlarigna. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . 2005 .
- ^ Ottavio Clavuot: Celerina / Schlarigna. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . 2005 .
- ↑ Chesa Frizzoni
- ↑ Chesa Lorsa
- ^ Hotel Cresta Palace
- ↑ Las Lavinatschas house
- ↑ Antonio Frizzoni ( Memento of the original from January 18, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Italian) on bgpedia.it (accessed January 14, 2017).
- ↑ Paolo Barcella, Ugo Frizzoni tra Bergamo e l'Engadina. Note there un archivio familiare. (Italian) at e-periodica.ch/digbib (accessed on January 14, 2017).
- ↑ Thomas Frizzoni at archive.org/stream (accessed December 16, 2016).
- ↑ Vitale Ganzoni. In: Sikart , accessed February 5, 2016.
- ↑ https://www.nzz.ch/feuilleton/raus-aufs-land-ld.1333582