Julius Schiller
Julius Schiller (* 1581 ; † 1627 in Augsburg ) was a German lawyer and astronomer and a contemporary of Johann Bayer, who also lived in Augsburg .
With the help of Bayer, Schiller published the star atlas Coelum Stellatum Christianum in the year of his death in 1627 . The work was an attempt to create a "Christian" star catalog in which common constellations are renamed and represented with figures from Christian tradition .
The star catalog is considered a curiosity and, in contrast to Bayer's Uranometria , never achieved great importance. Unlike Bayer, Schiller depicts the starry sky upside down, i.e. from God's perspective of the firmament in the direction of the earth . This representation corresponds to the tradition of the celestial globes , while for individual celestial sections of historical maps and atlases, the laterally correct representation is more common. The Schiller constellations were only taken up in one work, the artistic atlas Harmonia Macrocosmica by Andreas Cellarius in 1661.
The lunar crater Schiller is named after him.
Title page of the Coelum Stellatum Christianum
Adaptation of Schiller's Christian firmament by Andreas Cellarius, hemisphere of the autumn point
The Christian constellations around the vernal equinox
Constellations
As a rule, the figures and symbols of the New Testament are north of the ecliptic .
| International Astronomical Union | Coelum Stellatum Christianum | image |
|---|---|---|
| Little Bear | archangel Michael |
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| Big Bear | Boat of Saint Peter |
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| Dragon | Innocent children |
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| Cepheus | Stephen |
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| Bear keeper | New Year I. |
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| Berenike's hair | Scourge of Christ |
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| Northern crown | Crown of thorns |
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| Hercules | Holy Three Kings |
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| lyre | Christmas crib |
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| swan | St. Helena |
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| Cassiopeia | Mary Magdalene |
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| Perseus | Apostle Paul |
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| Carter | Saint Jerome |
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| Snake bearer | Saint Benedict |
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| Snake | Thorn bush | |
| Eagle | Saint Catherine |
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| arrow | Holy lance | |
| Dolphin | Water jar of the wedding in Cana |
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| To fill | Mystical rose | |
| Pegasus | Archangel Gabriel |
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| Andromeda | Holy grave |
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| triangle | Tiara Petri |
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| whale | Saint Anna |
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| Saint Joachim | ||
| Orion | Saint Joseph |
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The Old Testament figures and symbols are usually south of it.
| International Astronomical Union | Coelum Stellatum Christianum | image |
|---|---|---|
| Eridanus | Red Sea |
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| Hare | Gideon |
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| Dove | Noach's dove | |
| Big dog | King David |
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| Small dog | Sacrificial lamb |
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| Aft deck of the ship , ship's keel , sails of the ship , ship's compass ( ship Argo ) | Noah's Ark |
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| Water snake | River Jordan (not to be confused with: Jordan (constellation) ) |
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| Mug , raven | Ark of the Covenant |
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| centaur | Abraham and Isaac |
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| wolf | Archfather Jacob |
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| altar | Showbread table |
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| Southern crown | Crown of Solomon | |
| Southern fish | Grain container of the widow in Zarephath (cf. Elijah ) |
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| Crane , phoenix | High Priest Aaron |
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| Peacock , indians | Job |
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| Fly | Eve |
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| Southern triangle | Dew cross | |
| Flying fish , swordfish | Abel |
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| Toucan , little water snake | Archangel Raphael |
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The twelve zodiac signs of the zodiac were replaced by the twelve apostles .
literature
- Siegmund Günther : Schiller, Julius . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 31, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1890, p. 249 f.
Web links
- Julius Schiller: Coelum Stellatum Christianum (Christian Starry Sky) from 1627 at: Linda Hall Library, Kansas City.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Schiller, Julius |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German astronomer, Augustinian monk |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1581 |
| DATE OF DEATH | 1627 |
| Place of death | augsburg |