Cressensac
| Cressensac | ||
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| local community | Cressensac-Sarrazac | |
| region | Occitania | |
| Department | Lot | |
| Arrondissement | Gourdon | |
| Coordinates | 45 ° 1 ′ N , 1 ° 31 ′ E | |
| Post Code | 46600 | |
| Former INSEE code | 46083 | |
| Incorporation | 1st January 2019 | |
| status | Commune déléguée | |
Cressensac is a village and a commune déléguée in the French commune of Barguelonne-en-Quercy with 631 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2017) in the Lot department in the Occitania region . The place belonged to the arrondissement of Gourdon and the canton of Martel .
The decree of August 2, 2018 established the incorporation of Cressensac as the Commune déléguée together with the former municipality of Sarrazac into the Commune nouvelle Cressensac-Sarrazac with effect from January 1, 2019 . The administrative headquarters are in Cressensac.
The name of the parish could be derived from an estate of the Crescens or Crescentitts in the Gallo-Roman period .
The inhabitants are called Cressensacois and Cressensacoises .
geography
Cressensac is located about 35 km north-northeast of Gourdon in the historic province of Quercy on the northern border with the neighboring Corrèze department .
Cressensac is surrounded by four neighboring communities and a commune déléguée from Cressensac-Sarrazac:
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Nespouls (Corrèze) |
Turenne (Corrèze) |
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Sarrazac (Cressensac-Sarrazac) |
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| Gignac | Cuzance |
history
Numerous megaliths can be seen on the territory of the municipality : dolmens , tumuli and menhirs , which indicate a human presence during the Neolithic period .
The area was inhabited by the Celtic tribe of the Kadurkers who occupied what is now Quercy. Cressensac experienced successive invasions Vandals and Visigoths , the arrival of the Franks , annexation to the Kingdom of France and the English occupation by the Dukes of Aquitaine .
In the ninth century, Cressensac was part of the vicestoy of Turenne . The vice counts used the weakness of the central power to secure important privileges (especially jurisdiction and minting of money). The vice-county remained practically independent until 1738. A feature of this area was the weakness of the tax levy.
In 1738 the indebted Vice Count (and Duke of Bouillon ) sold his Vicomté. From now on, the parish and community of Cressensac were subject to the laws of the kingdom, paid taxes, provided soldiers and militias and housed the troops. This led to riots that forced the Marshals of Souillac to intervene. Younger people were now looking for happiness elsewhere, for example in America .
The parish of Cressensac was probably founded at the end of the 11th or beginning of the 12th century. Its territory was taken from two neighboring parishes, Gignac and Sarrazac. The foundation is probably due to a renewed donation to an abbey .
In the late 14th or early 15th century, the rural community emerged, the origin of the civil administration of the rural community in the vice-county. During this time of the Hundred Years' War , the Vice Count needed all of his men to defend himself against the English troops. In return for a "pledge" (tax), the residents of the municipalities received "freedoms and privileges" in return.
With the French Revolution in 1789, the parish became a parish, but its boundaries remain the same. In 1846 part of the municipality of Sarrazac with 21 families was annexed to Cressensac. The basis was that because of the greater distance from the church of Sarrazac, these families regularly came to the church of Cressensac for baptisms and burials.
Sully had the later Route nationale 20 created through Cressensac. It gave the community a significant economic boost. It benefits from trade and local services and a diverse handicraft. The truffle harvest was the starting point for the construction of important houses.
Population development
After records began, the population rose to a peak of around 1,230 by the second half of the 19th century. In the period that followed, the size of the community sank to around 630 inhabitants during short recovery phases by the 1950s, a level at which it has stabilized to this day.
| year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2006 | 2011 | 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 625 | 596 | 620 | 639 | 570 | 570 | 647 | 642 | 631 |
Attractions
Parish Church of Saint Barthélemy
Only part of the apse , which probably dates from the end of the 14th century, remains today. The church could have been rebuilt between 1549 and 1600. In 1723 it threatened to collapse from the " bell tower to the chancel". After the French Revolution it was still in poor condition with a ruined floor and a collapsed roof structure. At the beginning of the 19th century only the choir had a vault . Two side chapels were built in 1810 and 1854 . From 1874 a full restoration of the building was carried out, led by Abbot Chevalt, the famous restorer of Rocamadour . The stained glass windows are made by Louis-Victor Gesta and Saint-Blancat from Toulouse in 1934. The entire building has a neo-Gothic style that gives it a great unity, emphasized by a mural from the same period, the walls and architectural elements covered.
The square apse is made of ashlar . The window in the longitudinal axis is bricked up today. On their north and south sides, buttresses extend almost to the roof. The ribbed vault of the choir could be original. However, due to its current state, this cannot be determined with certainty. A large altarpiece from the early 19th century adorns the choir and frames a large canvas depicting the crucifixion , surmounted by the figure of God the Father in gilded wood, surrounded by clouds.
Two oil paintings are from the year 1855 by the painter Eugénie Froidure de Pelleport and are gifts of Emperor Napoleon III. The first oil painting depicting the Assumption of the Virgin Mary has been inscribed as Monument historique since June 22, 1973 . The other work shows the biblical scene of the Immaculate Conception with six people. It is a copy of a painting by the Spanish painter Bartolomé Esteban Murillo .
Tersac Castle
The windows that have survived to this day allow the original building with a rectangular floor plan to date to the beginning of the 14th century. The building made of ashlar could be the "square tower" mentioned in the writings of the Vicegate of Turenne. The stair tower dates from the 16th century, a round tower attached to it collapsed in the 20th century. The expansion of the residential wing has been doubled towards the east in modern times.
The Faydit family from the Limousin were seigneurs in the 13th century. For a time they shared the manor with the Réveillon family, but from 1460 they remained the sole seigneurs of Tersac. During the Hundred Years War, the castle was taken by English troops and the Faydit family fled to Cressensac. In 1748 the Castres family succeeded the Faydits. The castle was confiscated during the French Revolution and passed into the hands of the Quercy family through marriage in 1830, who kept it until 1918.
A twin window with a lintel in the shape of a gable roof and smooth capitals has been preserved on the south side of the building . The remains of a rectangular lattice window can be seen on the north side. The entrance to the spiral staircase is covered by a monolithic block in which the tympanum and keel arch are cut out. The coat of arms on the tympanum can no longer be identified.
Chausseneige Castle
The dating of the origins of today's castle can be made using two towers. A square tower with two restored twin windows dates from the 13th century, a tall rectangular tower from the 14th century. Most of the rest of the building dates from the early 16th century. After a fire, the castle underwent extensive restoration in troubadour style in 1897.
The name of the castle has varied greatly over the centuries, from Cazenioul, Saugenjoul, Chauzenous, Chassenéjouls, Chaussenéjouls or Chaussenéjoux, to today's Chaussenège or Chausseneige. Before the 15th century, the associated Seigneurie, which was dependent on the Turenne vice-county, belonged to the Galvanh family, followed by the Maynard family. The aristocrat Antoine Maynard is the landlord of Chassenéjouls in 1444. His family was undoubtedly related to the Maynards from Donzenac in the Limousin. At the end of the 18th century, Goudin de Pauliac, a son-in-law of the family, ran the manor. After the French Revolution, the property was returned to the descendants of the Maynard and Goudin de Pauliac families.
The buildings are arranged in a U-shape around a closed inner courtyard, which opens to the southwest through a colonnade from the 19th century. At the southern corner there is a square tower that houses a chapel. He was one with Machicolation reinforced curtain wall extended, a new, from the 17th century crowd watchtowers framed Zugangsbau was added. A residential wing, which is crowned with machikuli, probably dates from the 14th century and takes up the entire northeast side. A seven meter high and 2.25 meter thick wall closes off the north-western side. The rectangular building protected by them is lower, with walls no more than 1.05 meters thick. It served as the main building and is also crowned with machikuli in a way that is reminiscent of the castles in Avignon in the 14th century. One gives access to the upper floors. At the foot of a stair tower, a door with sliding beams leads over a spiral staircase to a narrow terrace, which is lined with machiculi on all sides.
House Neyragues
The house in the hamlet of the same name should not date earlier than the 16th century, although the main building was raised at a later date. The fireplace is believed to be from the 17th century. A high attic overlooks the ground floor, which is filled by a single room. The only wall openings on the first floor are a door and a small square beveled window, the lintel of which is decorated with a keel arch. They are protected by a heavily overhanging canopy. A small sloping window on the gable side gives light to the attic.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ RECUEIL DES ACTES ADMINISTRATIFS SPÉCIAL N ° 46-2018-055 ( fr , PDF) Département Lot. Pp. 44-48. September 3, 2018. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
- ↑ Cressensac: église Saint-Barthélemy ( fr ) Groupement Paroissial Martel - Cressensac. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
- ↑ Lot ( fr ) habitants.fr. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
- ↑ Histoire de Cressensac ( fr ) Cressensac-Sarrazac municipality. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
- ↑ Notice Communale Cressensac ( fr ) EHESS . Retrieved May 6, 2019.
- ↑ Populations légales 2016 Commune de Cressensac (46083) ( fr ) INSEE . Retrieved May 6, 2019.
- ↑ Gilles Séraphin, Maurice SCELLES, Anne-Marie Pêcheur: église paroissiale Saint-Barthélemy ( fr ) Départemental Lot. October 3, 2013. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
- ^ Tableau: Assomption ( fr ) French Ministry of Culture . April 10, 2018. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
- ↑ tableau: L'Apparition de l'Immaculée Conception à six personnages ( fr ) French Ministry of Culture . August 8, 2003. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
- ↑ Gilles Séraphin, Maurice SCELLES: château ( fr ) Départemental Lot. January 2, 2015. Accessed May 6, 2019.
- ↑ Gilles Séraphin, Maurice SCELLES: château ( fr ) Départemental Lot. January 2, 2015. Accessed May 6, 2019.
- ↑ Gilles Séraphin, Maurice SCELLES: maison ( fr ) Départemental Lot. February 26, 2013. Retrieved May 6, 2019.