RAG Deutsche Steinkohle AG
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| RAG Deutsche Steinkohle AG
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| legal form | Corporation |
| founding | 1998 |
| resolution | 2019 |
| Reason for dissolution | Merger with RAG Aktiengesellschaft |
| Seat | Essen , Germany |
| Number of employees | 5706 |
| sales | 1.4988 billion euros |
| Branch | Mining |
| As of December 31, 2017 | |
The RAG German hard coal AG , based in Essen (until March 2018 Herne ) was a German company in the mining industry and was established in April 2019 the RAG merged. It was created in 1998 through the merger of the mining companies Ruhrkohle Bergbau AG, Herne and Saarbergwerke AG, Saarbrücken . This made it the largest subsidiary of RAG Aktiengesellschaft and operated the last remaining German hard coal mines in Bottrop and Ibbenbüren . RAG Deutsche Steinkohle AG employed 5,700 people (2017) and generated annual sales of around 1.5 billion euros (2017).
Until the reorganization of RAG Aktiengesellschaft, the company name was "Deutsche Steinkohle AG" (DSK). The workforce on the Saar in 2018 comprised 165 people. In 2012, employees were still working on the dismantling in the West mine.
The coal industry has long been controversial in Germany. Interests of mining, miners, trade unions, taxpayers, mining suppliers, mining-related companies, residents, those affected by mining damage and competitors in the energy market collide; these stakeholders weight the advantages and disadvantages of hard coal mining differently.
Closed mines
| Mine | City / association | annual degradation | Employee | closure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ibbenbueren | Ibbenbueren | 1.3 million t (2016) | 1,500 (2016) | 17th August 2018 |
| Prosper-Haniel | Association of Prosper and Franz Haniel ( Bottrop ) | 2.4 million t (2016) | 3,000 (2016) | December 21, 2018 |
| "Auguste Victoria / Blumenthal" | Association of "Auguste Victoria" ( Marl ) and "Blumenthal / Haard" ( Haltern ) | 3.3 million t (2005) | 4,200 (2005) | 2015 |
| "West" | Association of "Friedrich Heinrich" / "Rheinland" and "Rossenray" ( Kamp-Lintfort ) | 3.3 million t (2005) | 3,800 (2005) | 2012 |
| "Saar" | Association of " Warndt / Luisenthal ", ( Warndt , Völklingen ) and "Ensdorf" ( Ensdorf ) | 5.0 million t (2005) | 4,900 (2005) | Location "Warndt / Luisenthal" 2005; total 2012 |
| "East" | Association of "Haus Aden" / "Monopol" ( Hamm , Bergkamen ) and "Heinrich Robert" (Hamm) | 1.82 million t (2005) | 3,300 (2005) | 2010 (2005) |
| "Lip" | Association of "Westerholt" ( Gelsenkirchen ) and "Fürst Leopold" , ( Dorsten ) | 2.0 million t (2005) | 2,900 (2005) | 2008 |
| "Walsum" | Duisburg | 2.2 million t (2005) | 3,000 (2005) | June 30, 2008 |
| "Lohberg-Osterfeld" | Association of "Lohberg" ( Dinslaken ) and "Osterfeld" ( Oberhausen ) | 2.0 million t (2005) | 2,900 (2005) | 2005 |
| total | 25.6 million t (2005) | 31,200 (2005) |
Subsidies
Current situation
The RAG was given to the coal industry in Germany in 2008 about 2.0 billion euros subsidies from the federal government. This corresponds to approx. 9.3% of the total subsidy amount in the Federal Republic.
According to the federal government's 20th subsidy report, between 1997 and 2006 aid totaling 29.9 billion euros was received from the federal government (3 billion euros per year) and a further 4.9 billion euros from the state of North Rhine-Westphalia (0.5 billion euros). per year).
In February 2007, the federal government, North Rhine-Westphalia and Saarland agreed to end the subsidies for hard coal mining in 2018. This means that there will in fact no longer be any hard coal mined in Germany after 2018.
On December 28, 2007, the “Law on Financing the Ending of Subsidized Hard Coal Mining for 2018 ( Hard Coal Financing Act )” came into force. For the years 2009 to 2018, further subsidies amounting to 13.9 billion euros are planned. In addition, the state of North Rhine-Westphalia is paying a total of 3.9 billion euros.
On July 20, 2010, the European Commission submitted a proposal to expire coal subsidies by October 1, 2014. After criticism from Germany, the Council of the European Union agreed on December 10, 2010 to allow coal subsidies as part of a decommissioning plan until 2018. However, a greater reduction in subsidies is required than was previously planned in Germany. Compared to 2011, the funding amounts must be reduced by 25% by the end of 2013, by 40% by the end of 2015, by 60% by the end of 2016 and finally by 75% by the end of 2017.
discussion
Supporters of the mining industry justify the subsidies above all with the independence of the energy supply and the guaranteed energy security . The global reserves of other fossil fuels , especially crude oil and natural gas , are limited and some are located in politically insecure regions. In addition, the prices for coal have risen; for coke coal (hard coal of a certain quality level) even so high at times that new companies in Germany would get along without subsidies.
Critics of the subsidies counter that coal in particular can be mined very inexpensively in politically stable countries (e.g. South Africa, Australia) (partly in open-cast mining). The increased demand for coke from Asian countries may turn out to be unsustainable as these countries are making vigorous efforts to develop their own hard coal reserves. Thanks to the more cost-effective production in these countries, the price of coal could fall again sharply after the production of our own production facilities. Furthermore, in its annual report 2003/2004 , the Economic Advisory Council came to the conclusion that the cessation of hard coal production in Germany does not endanger the security of the energy supply. In addition, as a safeguard for the future, it would be much better to leave the coal in the ground and only resume production when production at world market prices is possible or there are supply bottlenecks.
Another frequent argument from the proponents of mining subsidies is the economic importance of hard coal mining for the region: The mines also secure jobs at supplier companies through contracts and orders ( material , machines , transport, repairs, etc.) and are a great trainer and in a structurally weak region Employer.
Opponents reply here that the subsidies themselves inhibit the emergence of new branches of the economy, since they stop the natural economic process. The subsidies in the mining sector lead to cross-subsidization of the subsidiaries of RAG / DSK, which can thus offer their services more cheaply. Non-subsidized (small) businesses are thus disadvantaged. With regard to training in mining, it appears to critics that the state finances up to two training courses in this way: training in mining and the subsequent retraining to take up a job in another industry.
Facts and figures on this topic are contained in a published by the Gesamtverband Steinkohle e. V. commissioned Prognos study, which was published in February 2008. Prognos presents the regional economic importance of hard coal mining in the Ruhr area and examines the effects of various scenarios, e.g. B. on the labor market . In conclusion, Prognos writes:
“The procurement volume of DSK of 2 billion euros in the Ruhr mining industry, 86% of which is attributable to NRW , results in considerable added value effects in hard coal suppliers . According to model calculations by Prognos AG ... the jobs of 24,300 employees in the Ruhr area are secured by the order volume of DSK and by the consumer spending of DSK employees of a further 2,260 employees. A total of 53,760 jobs will be secured directly, indirectly or induced by coal mining. "
“It makes sense to observe the regional economic effects of the 'exit in 2018' with continuous monitoring . If it turns out in the next few years that the pace of successful management of structural change has been overestimated and that unacceptable labor market and social problems arise, consideration should be given to reducing the speed at which mining is being cut back. "
Prognos also refers to the experience in England and Lusatia , where it probably did not succeed.
From a macroeconomic point of view, it is doubtful whether the considerable subsidies for hard coal will have an adequate benefit for the taxpayer over many decades. On the one hand there is the financial security of the region (direct and indirect tax income of the municipalities, consumption support, job security) and on the other hand the binding of funds at the European, state and federal state level, the other purposes, such as the development of new supraregional value creation processes, is not available.
In order to clarify the proportionality, the amount of subsidies from the federal government alone can be compared to the number of employees: the approximately 45,600 (2003) employees of Deutsche Steinkohle AG were subsidized with 57,000 euros per capita and year (2003); this money then flowed back into the region / economy as a whole.
Regardless of the pros / cons of this subsidy, it can be said that a strong alliance of politics and business in Germany was able to secure high subsidies on a long-term basis, which in addition to the actual subject of the subsidy also created strong retention forces in politics and business and educated among the employees and maintained until today (dependent associations, institutes, media). The reason for this is u. a. the high level of integration in the political and economic infrastructure, the only abstract relation of the voter to positions in the household budget, the high number of employees and the lack of alternative jobs that are obvious in the short term.
"Coal penny"
In 1974 the coal pfennig was introduced to finance the coal mining , which German consumers had to pay as a surcharge on the electricity price. This was declared unconstitutional in 1994 and abandoned in 1996.
literature
- Hermann, Wilhelm and Gertrude: The old mines on the Ruhr . 6th edition, expanded to include a digression according to p. 216 and updated in energy policy parts, the 5th edition, completely revised. u. extended edition 2003, Königstein i. Ts. ( Verlag Langewiesche ) 2008 ( The Blue Books ), ISBN 978-3-7845-6994-9 , p. 98.
Web links
- RAG Deutsche Steinkohle AG. Retrieved April 21, 2017 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Report 2017. (PDF) Accessed January 2, 2019 .
- ↑ RAG GERMAN COAL AG, ESSEN✝. In: northdata.de. Retrieved May 27, 2019 .
- ↑ The consequences of mining are a hot topic in Saarland. Retrieved January 15, 2019 .
- ^ RAG Aktiengesellschaft December 21, 2012
- ↑ a b RAG Anthrazit Ibbenbüren GmbH, as of October 20, 2016
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ a b Prosper-Haniel mine, as of October 20, 2016
- ↑ Subsidy Report of the Federal Government, p. 2 ( Memento of October 31, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) PDF, 92.4 kB
- ↑ Satisfied faces after the coal summit (tagesschau.de) (tagesschau.de archive)
- ↑ The dispute over the end of hard coal ended (Süddeutsche Zeitung)
- ↑ Information on hard coal ( Memento from April 28, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) on the website of the Federal Ministry of Economics , accessed on April 12, 2011
- ↑ State aid: Commission proposal for Council regulation on closure aid for uncompetitive coal mines. European Commission , July 20, 2010, accessed April 12, 2011 .
- ↑ Article 3 (1) (f) of the Council decision of 10 December 2010 on state aid to facilitate the closure of uncompetitive hard coal mines EUR-Lex accessed on 12 April 2011
- ↑ a b "Regional economic effects of hard coal mining in North Rhine-Westphalia". Study on behalf of the GVSt , pdf