Carthusian Carnation

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Carthusian Carnation
Carthusian carnation (Dianthus carthusianorum subsp.carthusianorum)

Dianthus carthusianorum
( Dianthus carthusianorum subsp. Carthusianorum )

Systematics
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Carnation family (Caryophyllaceae)
Subfamily : Caryophylloideae
Tribe : Caryophylleae
Genre : Carnations ( Dianthus )
Type : Carthusian Carnation
Scientific name
Dianthus carthusianorum
L.

The Kart (h) äusernelke ( Dianthus carthusianorum ), in Austria also stone Elke called ( "Stoanagl") is a species of the genus of carnations ( Dianthus ) within the family of the Pink family (Caryophyllaceae).

description

Illustration from Flora Batava , Volume 17, 1877
Flower of Dianthus carthusianorum subsp. carthusianorum

Vegetative characteristics

The Carthusian carnation is a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 15 to 45 centimeters. The above-ground parts of the plant are bare. The against-constantly arranged on the stem leaves are united into a sheath at the base. With a length of up to 15 millimeters, the leaf sheath is about four times as long as the leaf width. The simple leaf blade is narrow-linear.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from June to September. 7 to 15 flowers are located in a terminal, head-shaped inflorescence . The bracts and calyx are brown and leathery-dry-skinned. The hermaphrodite flowers are radially symmetrical and five-fold. The purple crown has a diameter of about 2 to 2.5 centimeters. The petals are serrated in front.

Carthusian carnation pollen (400 ×)
The inner outer sepals are rounded to truncated or edged at the front and have a long awn-shaped tip attached.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 30.

Dianthus carthusianorum subsp. carthusianorum , held in Berlin

ecology

The Carthusian carnation is a hemicryptophyte .

The flowers of the Carthusian carnation show the typical structure of butterfly flowers: upright position, bright red color, narrow tube construction and deeply hidden nectar .

Occurrence

The distribution area of the Carthusian carnation includes southern, western, eastern and central Europe , plus Turkey. In North America the species is a neophyte .

As the site will be sunny warm slopes on lime - and silicate - dry grasslands , slopes, meadows and sandy forests preferred. In Central Europe it occurs mainly in the Mesobrometum society.

Prealp dianthus carthusianorum
( Dianthus carthusianorum subsp. Alpestris )
The blood-red carnation is often considered a subspecies of the Carthusian carnation. It is native to limestone grasslands in the coastal mountains of the Dinarides.

Systematics

The first publication of Dianthus carthusianorum was in 1753 by Carl von Linné .

Subspecies

Depending on the author, there are several subspecies of Dianthus carthusianorum :

  • Dianthus carthusianorum subsp. carthusianorum
  • Dianthus carthusianorum subsp. latifolius (Griseb. & Schenk) Hegi : It occurs in Austria, Hungary, Croatia and Slovakia.
  • Dianthus carthusianorum subsp. sudeticus Kovanda : It occurs in the Czech Republic.

In Austria the following subspecies are distinguished:

  • Pre-Alpine Carthusian Carnation ( Dianthus carthusianorum subsp. Alpestris ): In Lower Austria, Upper Austria and Styria (Upper Montan to Alpine)
  • Serpentine Carthusian Carnation ( Dianthus carthusianorum subsp. Capillifrons (Borb.) Neumay. ): In Burgenland, Lower Austria and Styria (montane)
  • Ordinary dianthus carthusianorum ( Dianthus carthusianorum L. subsp. Carthusianorum ): All states (possibly in Vorarlberg extinct) (Collin to montan)

In Germany only the subspecies Dianthus carthusianorum subsp. carthusianorum .

In the Balkans, the blood-red carnation ( Dianthus carthusianorum subsp. Sanguineus (Vis.) Hegi ), which is endemic to the karst mountains of the coastal Dinarides , is regarded as a subspecies of the Carthusian carnation . Especially in its home countries it is now regarded as an independent species ( Dianthus sanguineus ). Occurring between Istria and Albania, it inhabits species-rich limestone grasslands from sea level (in the north) to 1200 meters (Montenegro, Albania).

etymology

The common name dianthus carthusianorum and the epithet carthusianorum derives, according to the botanisch- etymological not literature by naturalists Johann Friedrich Cartheuser (1704-1777) and his son Friedrich August Cartheuser (1734-1796), but on the landscape of the Grande Chartreuse or from the Carthusian Order . It was evidently a standard feature of many monastery gardens . Maybe this led to the naming. All parts of the plant contain soapy components ( saponins ), which the monks and nuns applied in liquid form against muscle pain or rheumatism , although the effects of plants cannot always be scientifically proven and rheumatic diseases are not caused where their external manifestations are determined.

Common names

Exist or for dianthus carthusianorum also passed the other German trivial name : Blutströpflin, Boschnagerl ( Salzburg ), Buschnagerl (Salzburg), Dondernegelin, Donnernäglein ( Thuringia ), Thunder Elke, Feltnägelin, Fries nails (mentioned in 1542), Heidenblümlin, Hundsflette ( Eifel in Altenahr ), Kartheuserblümli, Klusternälken ( Lower Weser ), fried Kniecht ( Transylvania ), wild Nägelieblume, wild Pechnagel ( Pinzgau ), Schwalwenigelcher (Transylvania) and Speckleke (Mark near Küstrin ).

symbolism

The Carthusian carnation was Flower of the Year 1989. It is also featured on the 70-cent postage stamp of the Deutsche Post AG's “Flowers” ​​series, which was first issued on April 13, 2006.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas. 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 369.
  2. ^ A b Dianthus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved September 2, 2017.
  3. ↑ a b c Karol Marhold, 2011: Caryophyllaceae : Datasheet Dianthus In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
  4. ↑ Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Birkhäuser, Basel / Boston / Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-7643-2390-6 .
  5. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 133 f. ( Online ).

Web links

Commons : Carthusian Carnation ( Dianthus carthusianorum )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files