Karl Elkart

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" Senator City Oberbaurat Elkart";
Drawing by August Heitmüller , around 1929.

Karl Elkart (born September 15, 1880 in Altshausen ; † June 12, 1959 in Hanover ) was a German architect , urban planner , construction clerk , university professor and publicist . During the Weimar Republic and the Third Reich, he held office as town planning officer in Hanover, where he played a major role in the " Aryanizations " and deportations of Polish Jews .

Life

Training and first work

Karl Elkart was born in Altshausen as the son of the tenant of the royal maier Karl Elkart. He studied architecture at the Technical University of Stuttgart under Theodor Fischer ; In 1907 he passed the 2nd state examination and initially worked as a government master builder (= assessor in the public building administration).

After his first professional positions in Wolfenbüttel and Hamburg , he won first prize in the architecture competition for a restaurant building in the city park of Bochum in 1911 . At about the same time he applied for the position of city architect advertised there, which he also received and took up at the beginning of 1912. Since his direct superior, the Bochum city planning officer Franz Knipping, was a civil engineer, he had a free hand in design issues.

In 1918 Elkart was appointed city planning officer to (Berlin-) Spandau . When the previously independent city of Spandau became the district of the newly created city of " Greater Berlin " two years later , he switched to the Märkische Heimstätten-Gesellschaft as director. Another two years later (1922) he returned to the municipal building administration and served as urban planning director for Greater Berlin.

In 1925 Elkart left Berlin when he was appointed city planning officer (and senator ) to Hanover . In the same year he was also appointed a member of the Prussian Academy of Building, which meant a high distinction for his professional achievements. From 1927 he also taught as an honorary professor at the Technical University of Hanover .

Working under National Socialism

As early as 1933 Elkart became a supporting member of the SS . As town planning officer, he now implemented the repeal of the principle of "equality before the law" at the administrative level. Jewish entrepreneurs were excluded from municipal contracts. Elkart played a leading role in the “Aryanization” of art and cultural goods for the city. Since 1937 he was a member of the NSDAP . He also organized the creation of so-called Jewish houses in Hanover , into which the Jews there were forcibly resettled. The living conditions in these accommodations were inhuman and catastrophic. Elkart was also involved in the deportation of Polish Jews . Then he bought their houses in order to be able to renovate the old town. In addition, Elkart was responsible for the deployment of concentration camp prisoners and forced laborers during World War II (see also: Eastern workers ).

From 1943 Elkart finally became a consultant in the so-called “additional working staff ” within the working team for the reconstruction of cities destroyed by bombs of the general building inspector Albert Speer ; specifically, he worked on reconstruction plans for Bochum and Hanover.

post war period

Karl Elkart was dismissed on July 1, 1945 (his successor was Otto Meffert ) and - formally rehabilitated - retired in 1946. He continued to work extensively as a consultant. Elkart is buried in the Engesohde city cemetery .

plant

Buildings, drafts and plans

In Hamburg

While working in Hamburg , Elkart worked on the planning and construction of the St. Georg Hospital, the Ethnological Museum and the Eimsbüttel secondary school.

In Bochum

As a city architect in Bochum , he designed a. a .:

  • 1913–1914: Milk house in the city park
  • 1913–1915: Gastronomy building in the city park, called "Stadtpark-Restaurant" or "Parkhaus" for short (also called "Stadtgartenwirtschaft" in the planning phase)
  • 1913–1915: Administration building of Elektrizitätswerk Westfalen AG (EWW) (since 1925: Vereinigte Elektrizitätswerke Westfalen (VEW) ), Freiligrathstrasse / Wielandstrasse
  • 1913–1916: Oberrealschule II, called “Bismarck School”, Königsallee 79 / Arnikastraße
  • 1914–1917: Protestant elementary school with auxiliary school, called "Drusenberg School", Drusenbergstrasse 31 / Marschnerstrasse

In Spandau and Berlin

His tenure as town planning officer in Spandau falls at a time when the building industry had almost completely come to a standstill; In the literature, the "Sports field Hakenfelde" completed in 1920 and the expansion of the cemetery " In den Kisseln " are ascribed to him.

As director of the Märkische Heimstätten-Gesellschaft, Elkart has designed various settlements and development plans in and around Berlin .

In Hannover

In Hanover , among other things, he created:

  • 1927: "Stadtbad Küchengartenplatz" (today: Theater am Küchengarten (TAK)) in Linden-Mitte (under monument protection)
  • 1927–1929: Multi-family house development on De-Haën-Platz ( List )
  • 1928: New buildings at the Stöcken city cemetery (under monument protection )
  • 1928: Magazine building of the municipal theaters ( Südstadt )
  • before 1930: own house in Kleefeld , Liebermannstraße 8 (under monument protection)
  • 1929–1931: Elementary school (later "Heinrich Heine School") in the Südstadt, Altenbekener Damm 20 (under monument protection)
  • 1929–1931: City library in the Südstadt, Hildesheimer Straße 12 (under monument protection)
  • around 1930: Girls' vocational school "Anna-Siemsen-Schule" in the north of the town , Im Moore 38 (under monument protection)
  • the Volksbad in Hanover-List
  • 1927 to 1930: four buildings (of a total of 19) for the lung sanatorium “ Heidehaus ”; modernization of the older buildings and a new laboratory building in 1930

During his tenure in Hanover, “with the consent of the Führer”, he supported the planning of the architect Walter Schlempp for the 1938–1942 building for the German Municipal Assembly in Berlin-Charlottenburg on the Strasse des 17. Juni, today's “ Ernst-Reuter-Haus” ". Elkart is said to have had a significant influence on the design of the facade of this monumental building, which is prominently located on the east-west axis of the planned "World Capital Germania".

Without an exact date, award-winning competition designs for a development plan for Metz-Sablon, for hospital buildings in Frankfurt am Main and for the Hamburg city park are mentioned in the literature.

Fonts

The work of Karl Elkart was presented in:

  • Hanover. The big city in the country. 1927
  • Karl Elkart (Ed.): New building in Hanover. Hanover 1929.
  • Ten years of construction. 1935.
  • New creation. 1937.
  • Hanover. (...). In: Yearbook of the Geographical Society. 1941.

Also in:

  • Rudolf Stegemann (eds.) / Karl Elkart et al. (Ed.): On economic building. Development and goals of housing and settlement policy in Germany and Austria. Laube, Dresden 1937.

Elkartallee in Hanover

Renamed in early 2015 in the southern part of Hanover: Hilde-Schneider-Allee instead of Elkartallee

The Elkartallee was named after Karl Elkart in Hanover in 1960 . After the historian Rüdiger Fleiter published a dissertation on the persecution policy of the Hanover city administration in 2006, a public and controversial discussion began about the renaming of this street, also by political parties. In February 2010 the parliamentary groups of SPD and Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen in the district council of Südstadt-Bult started a process to rename Elkartallee to Hilde-Schneider-Allee. On January 5, 2015, the official renaming took place Elkartallee in Hilde Schneider-Allee with the unveiling of the new street sign by Hanover's First Mayor Thomas Hermann and District Mayor Lothar Pollähne .

literature

  • Elkart, Karl . In: Walther Killy (Ed.): Deutsche Biographische Enzyklopädie (DBE) . 1st edition. tape 3 : Ebinger-Gierke . KG Saur, Munich 1996, ISBN 3-598-23163-6 , p. 89 .
  • Elkart, Karl . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General Lexicon of Fine Artists of the XX. Century. tape 2 : E-J . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1955, p. 30 . / Volume 5. EA Seemann, Leipzig 1961, p. 456. (Addendum stating the date of death)
  • Elkart, Karl . In: General Artist Lexicon . The visual artists of all times and peoples (AKL). Volume 32, Saur, Munich a. a. 2002, ISBN 3-598-22772-8 , pp. 275 f.
  • Catalogus Professorum 1831–1981. Festschrift for the 150th anniversary of the University of Hanover. Hanover 2006, p. 103.
  • Werner Durth , Niels Gutschow : Dreams in ruins. 2 volumes, Braunschweig 1988, p. 762.
  • Robert Volz: Reich manual of the German society . The handbook of personalities in words and pictures. Volume 1: A-K. Deutscher Wirtschaftsverlag, Berlin 1930, DNB 453960286 , p. 387.
  • Alexander Dorner : 100 years of building in Hanover. For the centenary of the TH Hannover. Edler & Krische, Hanover 1931.
  • Paul Trommsdorff: The faculty of the Technical University of Hanover 1831-1931. Hanover 1931, p. 101.
  • Lower Saxony Chamber of Architects (ed.): Architecture in Hanover since 1900. Georg DW Callwey, Munich 1981.
  • Werner Durth: German Architects. Biographical entanglements 1900–1970. Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig 1986.
  • Association of German Architects, Bochum district group (Ed.): Building in Bochum. Schürmann & Klagges, Bochum 1986.
  • Alfons Schmidt: Capital planning in Hanover since 1945. (= Writings of the Institute for Building and Art History , Volume 9.) Hanover 1995, ISBN 3-931585-06-9 .
  • Martin Wörner, Ulrich Hägele, Sabine Kirchhof (eds.): Architectural guide Hanover. Dietrich Reimer Verlag, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-496-01210-2 .
  • Martin zur Nedden: Modernism and Traditionalism. The reconstruction of the city of Bochum from today's perspective. In: Jürgen Mittag, Ingrid Wölk (Hrsg.): Bochum and the Ruhr area. Big City Education in the 20th Century. Klartext, Essen 2005, ISBN 3-89861-459-X , pp. 281-297.

on the Nazi entanglement:

  • Rüdiger Fleiter: City planning officer Karl Elkart and his participation in the Nazi persecution policy. In: Hannoversche Geschichtsblätter , New Series, Volume 60 (2006), p. 315 ff.
  • Rüdiger Fleiter: City administration in the Third Reich. Persecution policy at the municipal level using the example of Hanover. (= Hanoverian studies , series of publications by the Hanover City Archives , Volume 10.) (also a dissertation, University of Hanover, 2005 - under the title The participation of the Hanover city administration in the Nazi policy of persecution. ) Hahn, Hanover 2006, ISBN 3-7752-4960- 5 .
  • Joachim Perels: A power bearer of the Nazi dictatorship as a namesake in post-war democracy. Problems with renaming Elkartallee in Hanover. In: Kritische Justiz , 41st year 2008, pp. 95–100.
  • Karl-Heinz Bannasch: Karl Elkart, city councilor in Spandau. Architect with a brown history. In: Berliner Abendblatt from August 21, 2010.
  • Karl-Heinz Bannasch: Our beautiful city - Karl Elkart City Council in Spandau, in: KlarSicht, consumer protection journal for Berlin and Brandenburg, 01/2017, pp. 23-26.
  • Helmut Knocke : Elkart, Karl. In: Dirk Böttcher , Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein, Hugo Thielen: Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon . From the beginning to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 2002, ISBN 3-87706-706-9 , p. 107 f. ( books.google.de ).

Web links

Commons : Karl Elkart  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Helmut Knocke : Elkart, Karl. In: Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein (eds.) U. a .: City Lexicon Hanover . From the beginning to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 2009, ISBN 978-3-89993-662-9 , p. 158 f.
  2. ↑ Joachim Perels: A power bearer of the Nazi dictatorship as namesake in post-war democracy. Problems with renaming Elkartallee in Hanover. In: Critical Justice . 41st year 2008, p. 95.
  3. ↑ Perels 2008, p. 97, cit. Fleitner, p. 139 ff.
  4. ^ Picture (Hanover edition) from January 26, 2006, p. 6.
  5. ↑ Source: Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon (see literature, section "also online")
  6. ↑ Stadtgartenwirtschaft in Bochum. In: German competitions , issue 327 (1912).
  7. ↑ Wolfgang Neß, Ilse Rüttgerodt-Riechmann, Gerd Weiß (arrangement): Municipal hospital "Heidehaus" (Am Leineufer 70). In: Monument topography of the Federal Republic of Germany / Architectural monuments in Lower Saxony / City of Hanover. Part 2, Volume 10.2, Lower Saxony State Administration Office, publications by the Institute for Monument Preservation , ed. by Hans-Herbert Möller, Friedrich Vieweg & Sohn Verlagsgesellschaft mbh, Braunschweig 1985, ISBN 3-528-06208-8 , p. 69.
  8. ^ Rainer Kasties MA: Heidehaus. In: Stadtlexikon Hannover. P. 278 f.
  9. ↑ Monthly booklets for architecture and urban planning. 9, 1940, p. 227.
  10. ↑ spd-suedstadt-bult.de Setting an example for human dignity.
  11. ↑ Elkartallee will not be renamed.
  12. ↑ spd-suedstadt-bult.de Application text to rename Elkartallee to Hilde-Schneider-Allee.
  13. ↑ Hannover-Südstadt / renaming of Elkartallee ( memento of January 8, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) on the hannover.de page of January 5, 2015.
personal data
SURNAME Elkart, Karl
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German architect, urban planner, construction officer and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH September 15, 1880
PLACE OF BIRTH Altshausen
DATE OF DEATH June 12, 1959
Place of death Hanover