Eschenbach (Pommelsbrunn)

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Eschenbach
municipality Pommelsbrunn
Coordinates: 49 ° 31 ′ 48 ″  N , 11 ° 29 ′ 27 ″  E
Height : 358 m above sea level NHN
Residents : 570  (Jul 1, 2009)
Postal code : 91224
Area code : 09154
Eschenbach
Eschenbach

The parish village of Eschenbach is part of the municipality of Pommelsbrunn in the district of Nürnberger Land . The place is about 35 km east of Nuremberg and belongs to the metropolitan region of Nuremberg .

Geographical location

Eschenbach is located in the central Pegnitz valley at the confluence of the Hirschbach and the Pegnitz.

history

The first indications of a settlement in the Eschenbach area go back to the Bronze Age . From around 1200 BC. BC grave goods come from two barrows that were found in 1890 when clearing a piece of land. However, there are no other finds up to the first documentary mention in 1059. One can assume, however, that Eschenbach was founded by Baiern around 700 .

With the consecration of the Church of St. Paulus in 1059, "Eschinebach" was first mentioned in a note by Bishop Gundekar II of Eichstätt. Soon Eschenbach came under the care of the Bishop of Bamberg . From 1330 to 1367 the Knights Türriegel sat as ministerials at the castle. It was not until 1458 that Eschenbach returned to the Eichstätt diocese . First of all, secular lords were the Counts of Sulzbach and their subordinates, the lords of Neidstein . These in turn had employed dependent servants who sat in the manor, the Eschenbacher Wasserburg. The Eschenbach estates also had changing castle men during this time , knights according to today's understanding.

Eschenbach Castle (around 1600)

In 1403 the owners at that time sold Eschenbach to the Nuremberg patrician Heinrich Harsdörfer . In 1504 Eschenbach came under the sovereignty of the free imperial city of Nuremberg and in 1508 by marriage to the traditional patrician Ebner family, who have called themselves Ebner von Eschenbach since then . The manor is still in their possession. During the Second Margrave War in 1552, the entire place including the moated castle was burned down. During the Thirty Years War , most of the town's residential buildings were burned down again in 1634, but the moated castle remained undamaged. In 1806 Nuremberg and with it Eschenbach became part of Bavaria , the Ebner von Eschenbach only remained a patrimonial court .

In 1938, Willy Liebel , NS mayor of the so-called Reichsstadt Nürnberg , bought a weekend house in Pommelsbrunn for almost 10,000 Reichsmarks. It was used by Liebel and his second wife Else Liebel (née Schmidt) with their four children as a weekend and holiday home, where they occasionally visited prominent Nazi perpetrators. B. SS Reichsführer Heinrich Himmler , Gauleiter Julius Streicher , and Liebel's close confidante Adolf Hitler . After the end of the war and Liebel's death in 1945, the remaining family lived in the building that they now use as their permanent residence. The children went to school here and the neighborhood said they were supporting the widow with small services and repairs.

On January 1, 1972, the previously independent Eschenbach was incorporated into the municipality of Pommelsbrunn.

Population development

Eschenbach municipality

  • 1939: 432 inhabitants
  • 1946: 927 inhabitants
  • 1961: 564 inhabitants
  • 1970: 473 inhabitants

District Eschenbach

  • 1985: 468 inhabitants
  • January 1, 2003: 555 inhabitants
  • January 1, 2007: 583 inhabitants
  • July 1, 2009: 593 inhabitants

coat of arms

The coat of arms of Eschenbach is identical to the coat of arms of the patrician family Ebner of the Free Imperial City of Nuremberg. Pointed nine times from top to bottom of blue and gold, four and a half points of each color visible.

Culture and sights

Evangelical Lutheran Parish Church (Pauluskirche)

Pauluskirche with rectory

The church was consecrated to St. Paul in 1059. The early Gothic choir tower was probably built around 1300. The nave was completely redesigned in 1760; at that time, double galleries with remarkable Rococo stucco decor were added. In 1864 the sacristy was rebuilt. A small glass painting (Christ on the Cross) in the south window of the choir from the early 14th century deserves special attention . The churchyard is fortified with a two to four meter high and one meter thick curtain wall. Until 1776, the tower had four watch towers.

Moated castle / moated castle

lock

The castle was built as a moated castle in 1230. It was destroyed in the 2nd Märkgräfler War and rebuilt as a castle in 1553/54. After the rule of the Neidsteiner, Reichenecker and Wolfsteiner, the moated castle fell to the free imperial city of Nuremberg in 1403, under the influence of the patrician family Harsdörfer. In 1508 it came into the possession of the Ebner von Eschenbach family , who still own the castle to this day.

The castle is a typical for the area Wasserburg with three-story palace and bailey (farmyard). The new building from 1554, erected after the destruction in 1552, has been almost completely preserved. Only the outer wall and the moat were removed around 1830 except for one of the four round towers. The ancestral hall (around 1730) contains a collection of oil portraits of Ebner family members. The building is bordered on the south-east by the Hirschbach and on the south-west by the Pegnitz.

Wengleinpark

Heroldsturm - marks the entrance to Wengleinspark

The 6 hectare Wenglein Park is a nationally known nature reserve. The park is Bavaria's oldest nature reserve that is still actively used for environmental education. The area is a landscape protection area and is located in the middle of the FFH area "Eaves slopes of the Hersbrucker Alb ". Since 1994 it has been an official environmental station of the Federal Nature Conservation in Bavaria .

Regular events

Parish fair is on St. Mary Magdalene Day (July 22nd).

Sports

The SC Eschenbach has existed with its area in the Pegnitzwiesen since 1966.

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

  • Johannes Zeltner (1805–1882), Nuremberg industrialist, born in Eschenbach
  • Johannes Zahn (1817–1895), German theologian, born in Eschenbach
  • The Eschenbacher Johannes Raum (1875–1936), Fritz Wärthl (1884–1965) and his sister Elisabeth Wärthl (1886–1975) worked for the Leipzig Mission (today: Evangelical Lutheran Missionswerk Leipzig eV) in East Africa.

Personalities who have worked on site

  • Carl Wenglein (1882–1935), Schwabach needle manufacturer, who became known as the founder of the "World Association for Nature and Bird Protection". He lived in a villa in Eschenbach for many years and founded the Wengleinpark there in 1930.

literature

  • Eckhardt Pfeiffer (Ed.): Nürnberger Land . 3. Edition. Karl Pfeiffer's Buchdruckerei und Verlag, Hersbruck 1993, ISBN 3-9800386-5-3 .

Web links

Commons : Eschenbach  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Municipality of Pommelsbrunn, district of Eschenbach , accessed on March 9, 2016
  2. ↑ Eduard Kolb: Folk history of Eschenbach Karl Pfeiffer's book printing. Hersbruck 1968.
  3. ↑ Robert Giersch et al. a .: Castles and mansions in the Nuremberg landscape Self-published by the Altnürnberger Landschaft e. V., Lauf an der Pegnitz 2006, p. 107.
  4. ↑ Horst Otto Mayer: Christmas at Liebels: "Streicher shot the balls from the Christmas tree". In: Nürnberger Nachrichten, print edition, August 8, 2018, p. 10ff.
  5. ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 481 .
  6. ↑ a b Bavarian State Statistical Office (Hrsg.): Historical municipality register: The population of the municipalities of Bavaria from 1840 to 1952 (=  contributions to the statistics of Bavaria . Issue 192). Munich 1954, DNB  451478568 , p. 175 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00066439-3 ( digitized version ).
  7. ↑ a b Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality register for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 716 .
  8. ↑ 110 years of the Eschenbach volunteer fire brigade (Festschrift) 1985.
  9. ^ Website of the municipality of Pommelsbrunn: Eschenbach
  10. ↑ a b Dr. Wilhelm Schwemmer: Art in City and Country Hersbruck Karl Pfeiffer's Buchdruckerei und Verlag, Hersbruck 1967, p. 24 ff.
  11. ^ A b Eduard Rühl: Kulturkunde des Pegnitztales Frankenverlag Lorenz Spindler, Nuremberg 1961.
  12. ↑ Information board at the castle