Hartmannshof

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Hartmannshof
municipality Pommelsbrunn
Coordinates: 49 ° 29 ′ 48 ″  N , 11 ° 33 ′ 12 ″  E
Height : 376 m above sea level NHN
Residents : 992  (Jul 1, 2020)
Incorporation : January 1, 1977
Postal code : 91224
Area code : 09154
View of Hartmannshof
View of Hartmannshof

The parish village of Hartmannshof is one of 22 districts of the municipality of Pommelsbrunn in the district of Nürnberger Land in Middle Franconia in Bavaria .

geography

Geographical location

Hartmannshof is about 40 kilometers east of Nuremberg and 2 kilometers from Pommelsbrunn in the Hersbrucker Alb , part of the Franconian Alb . Weigendorf in Upper Palatinate borders in the east . The valley line of the Högenbach , including its northern valley flanks, represent the northern border of Hartmannshof. Federal highway 14 runs parallel to the Högenbach valley . The district border between Middle Franconia and Upper Palatinate also runs between Hartmannshof and Weigendorf . A baroque boundary stone marks the historical border between Pfalz-Neuburg and the free imperial city of Nuremberg .

topography

The profiled landscape has a moving topography. The characteristic Jura landscape is characterized by incised, box-shaped valleys and exposed Malmkuppen with extensive forests. The Hartmannshof area is part of Hersbrucker Schweiz, with the Högenbachtal forming a blurred landscape border with the Upper Palatinate Alb. The Högenbachtal lies at an altitude of 373  m above sea level. NHN . On the left and right sides of the valley are some elevations over 450  m above sea level. NHN visible.

Natural allocation

In terms of nature, Hartmannshof is located in the transition area between the Middle Franconian Alb and the Northern Franconian Alb (according to Meynen / Schmithüsen et al.). The Högenbach valley line forms the border between the two natural areas. According to the natural division of Germany by Axel Ssymank, these natural space units are located in the Franconian Alb .

geology

Geological layers

The village, located in Hersbrucker Switzerland, is geologically assigned to the Franconian Jura , which is part of the south-west German layer level country . The landscape of Hartmannshof is determined by Malm and Dogger layers from the Jura . The upper layers of the village form the White Jurassic layers (Malm) with the Arzberg Formation and the Hartmannshof Formation. This Upper Paleozoic to Mesozoic overburden is characterized by marl limestone , a marlstone with limestone layers . Below that are layers from the Braunjura group (Dogger) with the Sengenthal formation. The dominant rock of this geological formation is calcarenite , a gray-brown to yellow-brown clastic sedimentary rock . The layers of the Sengenthal formation lie on layers of the iron sandstone formation . A fine to medium-grain sandstone with iron inclusions and isolated limestone banks characterize this geological formation. The brook landscapes are covered with Quaternary valley fillings.

Quarry

On the right side of the valley of the Högenbach there are large-scale quarries that intervene strongly in the landscape of the Kuppenalb. The quarries were operated for the extraction of solid rock since 1860 after the Eastern Railway went into operation. The large quarry offers a good overview of the geological sequence of layers of a classic Malm standard profile.

Disused quarry in Hartmannshof (geotope)

Due to its great geoscientific importance, the disused western part of the quarry is designated as a geotope (574A010) by the Bavarian State Office for the Environment and it is also considered a scientific reference object ( list of geotopes in the Nuremberg district ). The lower part of the quarry consists of black-gray rock of the Ornatenton Formation , which belongs to the Upper Dogger Layer, the so-called Brown Jurassic. Layers of the White Jurassic (Malm), which can be assigned to the Hartmannshof formation, lie above. The place gave its name to the marl-poor stratigraphic unit. This is followed by a 15 meter thick layer of malt made of marl and marl limestone and a 26 meter thick layer of factory limestone. In the lower third of this layered limestone , the boundary between Malm Alpha and Beta runs. A 3 meter thick layer of Platynota marl initiates the transition to the Weißjura Gamma. A 16-meter-thick layer of limestone lies above it. The end of the Weißjura Gamma is formed by a 1.5 meter thick layer of Cussolienis marl and a 5 meter thick layer of bench limestone with sponges. The subsequent layers from the White Jura Delta are dolomitized and formed in the form of thick banks. Massive reef dolomites can be seen around 20 meters above the border with the Malm Delta.

ground

The soil quality varies greatly in the landscape of the village due to the different geological and climatic conditions. In the meandering streams groundwater influenced soils like calcareous come on the quaternary Tallfüllungen Gleye ago. Shallow, limestone and dolomite-rich Rendzina soils are predominant on the erosion-prone Jura slopes and knolls . In the transition area from the lower slopes to the valley floor, Pararendzina floors were created from Schuttle clay and tone. In the large depression near Hag, in the area of ​​Stallbaumer Weg and on the lower slopes, Kolluvisol soils dominate . Deep, loamy brown earth soils have developed on the plateaus with the Alblehm deposits .

Flowing waters

The Högenbachtal with gallery forest consisting of riparian woodland east of Hartmannshof represents a cold air generation area and a cold air channel.

The Högenbachtal divides the Hartmannshof Jura landscape. The flowing water of the 2nd order shows a low polluted water quality. The morphological water structure was rated positively with the exception of the settlement areas.

climate

Hartmannshof is located in the cool, temperate climate zone and has a humid climate . The landscape of the village is located in the transition area between the humid Atlantic and the dry continental climate . After the climate classification of Köppen / Geiger Hartmannshof belongs to the temperate warm rainy climate (Cfb climate). The mean air temperature of the warmest month remains below 22 ° C and that of the coldest month above -3 ° C.

Due to the high relief energy and the great differences in altitude, the local climate of Hartmannshof shows significant differences. The valley locations are characterized by lower rainfall and a higher annual mean temperature in contrast to the high areas. The south-facing locations, on the other hand, are characterized by a special warmth. As a result of inversion weather conditions, especially in the winter half-year, this temperature gradient is reversed. Moist and cold air then collects in the valley. The increased formation of cold air and increased humidity are accompanied by thick clouds of fog as a result of evaporation in the stream meadows.

fauna

An avifaunistic peculiarity is the occurrence of the woodlark ( Lullula arborea ), which is endangered throughout Bavaria, in the disused quarry. The small lark species inhabits heat-favored, semi-open, steppe-like landscapes with dry or well-drained soils. The south-facing and disused quarry represents a secondary location with little vegetation, which offers suitable conditions as a habitat.

Historical cultural landscape

Rock cellar in Dogger sandstone in Hartmannshof

There are several rock cellars on a northern slope of the Dogger sandstone in the south of Hartmannshof . They represent historical cultural landscape elements that have increasingly lost their importance with the use of refrigerators.

history

Prehistory and early history

Due to the long-standing archaeological work of the home keeper Werner Sörgel and his wife Edith, the small region around Hartmannshof was intensively researched. Archaeological investigations in the form of field inspections and observations of soil encroachments have proven since 1971 that the Hartmannshofer landscape area was densely populated in prehistory.

Hunters occasionally visited the room as early as the Paleolithic . Discovered stone tools document that hunting groups were also present in the area at the end of the Paleolithic, in the so-called late Paleolithic . The fauna and flora of the natural area changed after the end of the last ice age . In the Mesolithic , the landscape offered good hunting conditions due to the changed climatic conditions and the existing natural environment. In addition, the watercourses in the valley offered suitable resting places.

The Neolithic revolution describes the transition of humans from nomadic hunters and gatherers to sedentary farmers and cattle breeders. This important upheaval took place a little later in the Hartmannshof landscape than elsewhere. It was only at the end of the Neolithic that the changed division of labor prevailed, in contrast to the fertile loess areas, which were better suited for arable farming.

middle Ages

Baroque border stone on the historical territorial border from 1505 between the Palatinate-Neuburg and the free imperial city of Nuremberg . The border stone bears the two coats of arms (Pfalzbayern and Reichstadt Nürnberg) as a national emblem. The side shown shows the Nuremberg coat of arms.

After the War of the Bavarian Succession of 1504–05, Hartmannshof came to the territory of the Free Imperial City of Nuremberg and the village became a border town on the Palatinate-Neuburg , an area of ​​the Holy Roman Empire . A historical boundary stone on the old Högenbacher Grenzbrücke testifies to the former importance on the Weigendorfer side.

The location on Golden Street had a favorable effect on Hartmannshof's development, especially when the late medieval trade route between Prague and Nuremberg served as a postal route. Since 1620, Hartmannshof has been in operation next to Lauf an der Pegnitz as a relay station for changing horses for postal traffic. As early as 1623, Altensittenbach assumed the function of a post office . The entire Nuremberg region benefited from the important land connection. In Hartmannshof in the years 1744–1828 and 1832–1834 a post stable for changing horses was maintained, in which up to 20 horses were temporarily housed.

Modern times

In the 1920s there was a great housing shortage in the Nuremberg region. Building cooperatives were founded in Hartmannshof as well as in Henfenfeld in order to create affordable living space.

On January 1, 1972, a part of the communities Arzlohe and Heldmannsberg was incorporated. On January 1, 1977 the place came to the municipality of Pommelsbrunn.

Burgstall

In the village there is also the Hartmannshof castle stable , which may be the tower in the Weidental mentioned for the first time in 1325 . The tower in Weidental was owned by the Reicheneck taverns and was destroyed by the imperial city of Nuremberg, which was at war with the taverns. King Ludwig the Bavarian forbade the reconstruction of the castle . The Burgstall is located in the new Fleck development area in the area of ​​today's Fleckstrasse. During the emergency excavation carried out in 1982, square foundation walls with a thickness of around two meters were discovered; the type of masonry with ashlar stones suggests that the tower castle was built before 1188. A layer of fire was also found over a 0.2 meter thick screed floor. The remains of the wall were backfilled after the excavation due to the new building area, the area is now overbuilt and the remains of the wall are no longer visible.

Attractions

Friedenskirche

One of the sights in Hartmannshof is the Evangelical Lutheran parish church , also known as the Peace Church . The under monument protection standing religious building was designed by the Nuremberg architect Hans Pittroff 1929 - built 31 and inaugurated 1,931th Pittroff combined new forms with historical style elements. The hall church has a distinctive facade tower with a tent roof and has a retracted choir . The flat-roofed hall building is finished with a hipped roof. The Friedenskirche was a branch church of Pommelsbrunn until 1954 .

Economy and Infrastructure

economy

To the north of Hartmannshof are large quarries that belong to the lime, stone and cement works Sebald Zement GmbH , which was founded in 1860 . It is the largest employer in town.

Several medium-sized craft businesses are based in Hartmannshof.

traffic

  • Bundesstraße 14 runs through Hartmannshof along the Högenbach valley on the route of the Goldenen Straße.
  • The station Hartmannshof located on the Nuremberg-Schwandorf railway . It is also the eastern terminus of the S1 line of the Nuremberg S-Bahn network . A prehistoric museum has been open to the public in the renovated old station building since October 2011. It offers an overview of 100,000 years of environmental and human history and presents corresponding finds, mostly from the eastern part of the Nuremberg region.

literature

  • Werner Sörgel: Sunken cultures: Hartmannshof - archeology of a small region in the Franconian Alb . Publishing house Dr. Faustus, Büchenbach 2006, ISBN 3-933474-42-6 .
  • Eckhardt Pfeiffer (Ed.): Nürnberger Land . 3. Edition. Karl Pfeiffer's Buchdruckerei und Verlag, Hersbruck 1993, ISBN 3-9800386-5-3 .

Web links

Commons : Hartmannshof  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Parish of Pommelsbrunn, Hartmannshof district , accessed on August 19, 2020
  2. ↑ a b c d Werner Sörgel: Sunken cultures: Hartmannshof - archeology of a small region in the Franconian Alb . Dr. Faustus, Büchenbach 2006, ISBN 978-3-933474-42-1 , pp. 9, 10 .
  3. ^ Johannes Reh and Peter Blum: Draft of a cultural landscape structure of Bavaria as a contribution to biodiversity: 16 Northern Franconian Alb. Bavarian State Office for the Environment, 2011, accessed on May 3, 2020 .
  4. ↑ a b Topographic map overlaid with the terrain relief. In: BayernAtlas. Bavarian Surveying Administration, EuroGeographics, accessed on May 3, 2020 .
  5. ↑ Map of the main natural space units and natural space units in Bavaria. (PDF) Bavarian State Office for the Environment, accessed on April 19, 2020 .
  6. ↑ Digital geological map of Bavaria 1: 25,000 (dGK25). In: BayernAtlas. Bavarian State Office for the Environment, State Office for Digitization, Broadband and Surveying, Bavarian Surveying Administration, accessed on April 19, 2020 .
  7. ^ Former quarry NW of Hartmannshof. In: UmweltAtlas Bayern: Geotopkataster Bayern. Bavarian State Office for the Environment (LfU), April 2020, accessed on April 29, 2020 .
  8. ↑ Overview soil map of Bavaria 1: 25,000. In: BayernAtlas. Bavarian State Office for the Environment, State Office for Digitization, Broadband and Surveying, Bavarian Surveying Administration, EuroGeographics, accessed on May 1, 2020 .
  9. ↑ Werner Sörgel: Sunken cultures: Hartmannshof - archeology of a small region in the Franconian Alb . Dr. Faustus, Büchenbach 2006, ISBN 978-3-933474-42-1 , pp. 143-145 .
  10. ↑ a b c Dieter Kaus, Tobias Köstler, Guido Bauernschmitt, Jürgen Herbst, Christian Krüßmann: Municipality of Pommelsbrunn District of Nürnberger Land: Land use plan with integrated landscape plan. Pommelsbrunn community, July 3, 2013, accessed on April 30, 2020 .
  11. ↑ Climate Hersbruck - Pommelsbrunn-Mittelburg station (522 m). Wetterdienst.de - Weather and climate advice, March 2020, accessed on April 30, 2020 .
  12. ↑ a b Woodlark (Lullula arborea). Bavarian State Office for the Environment, 2018, accessed on May 3, 2020 .
  13. ↑ a b Werner Sörgel: Sunken cultures: Hartmannshof - archeology of a small region in the Franconian Alb . Dr. Faustus, Büchenbach 2006, ISBN 978-3-933474-42-1 , pp. 143-145 .
  14. ^ District home administrator for the district of Nürnberger Land. Bayerischer Landesverein für Heimatpflege eV, accessed on May 3, 2020 .
  15. ↑ a b Detailed historical outline of Hartmannshof. Heimat- und Museumsverein eV Pommelsbrunn, accessed on May 3, 2020 .
  16. ^ E. Pfeiffer: Nürnberger Land, Karl Pfeiffer Hersbruck, p. 108
  17. ^ E. Pfeiffer: Nürnberger Land, Karl Pfeiffer Hersbruck, p. 139
  18. ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 481 .
  19. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 719 .
  20. ↑ According to other sources such as B. the Nuremberg castle researcher Hellmut Kunstmann , the tower was in Weidental but above the place Oed, about 50 meters west of the wasteland Breitenthal
  21. ↑ The Burgstall on the Herrensitze.com page
  22. ^ Evangelical Lutheran. Hartmannshof parish office. Evangelical Luth. Pfarramt Hartmannshof, April 28, 2020, accessed on April 30, 2020 .
  23. ↑ a b monument. In: BayernAtlas. Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation, Bavarian Surveying Administration, EuroGeographics, accessed on April 30, 2020 .
  24. ↑ Hartmannshof district. Community of Pommelsbrunn, accessed on April 30, 2020 .
  25. ^ A b E. Pfeiffer: Nürnberger Land, Karl Pfeiffer Hersbruck, p. 203
  26. ^ E. Pfeiffer: Nürnberger Land, Karl Pfeiffer Hersbruck, p. 344