Eugen von Albori

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Eugen Freiherr von Albori

Eugen Freiherr von Albori (born December 27, 1838 in Cattaro , Dalmatia , † September 5, 1915 in Vienna ) was an Austro-Hungarian officer , most recently in the rank of general of the infantry .

biography

Education and career until 1878

Eugen von Albori was born in Cattaro, where his father, who came from an old Venetian family, worked as President of the Regional Court. After graduating from the Theresian Military Academy in Wiener Neustadt , he was transferred as a sub-lieutenant to the Tyrolean Kaiserjäger Regiment in September 1857 , where he was promoted to lieutenant on May 28, 1859 . With this regiment he also took part in the military conflicts in northern Italy as part of the Sardinian War , where he was able to distinguish himself as a battalion adjutant on several occasions. This was especially true in the Battle of Magenta , which earned him the Military Merit Cross with war decoration. After attending the kuk war school , he was transferred to the 18th Feldjäger Battalion as a first lieutenant and at the same time permanently assigned to the general staff . On August 23, 1864 he was promoted to captain 2nd class, and on May 4, 1866 to captain 1st class. During the German War of 1866 he held the post of General Staff Officer in Knin in Dalmatia and received a commendation from his commanding general, Lieutenant Field Marshal Eugen Philippovich von Philippsberg . On October 10, 1868, he was transferred to the Theresian Military Academy as an instructor in tactics and the history of leadership behavior, and wrote theoretical treatises on both subjects. In November 1872 he received an extra-tour promotion to major in the General Staff and was assigned to the General Staff of the 4th Infantry Division in Brno . The following year in May he was given command of the 32nd Feldjäger Battalion in Mauer near Vienna. This unit was often used for parades during the World Exhibition in Vienna , as a result of which Eugen von Albori received many foreign medals as commander. In May 1876 he was promoted to lieutenant colonel and appointed chief of the general staff of the commanding general in Trieste. In September of the same year he was the head of the Austro-Hungarian delegation, which was supposed to observe the great Prussian-Saxon maneuvers. Two months later he was sent to the International Border Commission, which had to regulate the border between Montenegro and the Ottoman Empire . During these difficult negotiations he was able to distinguish himself as a successful diplomat, which earned him other foreign medals.

Occupation campaign in Bosnia

During the occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1878 he held the post of Chief of the General Staff of the 7th Infantry Division under General Duke Wilhelm von Württemberg and took part in the Battle of Rogelje and Jaice on August 5, 1878 . In September of that year he was appointed Chief of the General Staff of the 13th Corps and took part in the 3-day battle for Ključ , as well as in the encirclement and bombing of Livno . After the city surrendered, Eugen von Albori was promoted to colonel in the General Staff on November 1, 1878 . As the uprising in Bosnia drew to a close, he was assigned to the Duke of Württemberg, at whose side he led the extremely difficult negotiations during the occupation of the Lim area. This conference was held between Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire , culminating in the agreement of April 21, 1879, followed by the occupation of the Sanjak of Novi Pazar . During the occupation campaign he again received several awards, as well as the elevation to the baron status on March 29, 1880. In addition, the city of Sarajevo made him an honorary citizen. On April 18, 1906 (Diploma Vienna July 17, 1906) Emperor Franz Joseph also approved the transfer of the baron status and coat of arms of Eugen Freiherrn von Albori to his brother, the wholesaler Johann von Albori, who was also born in Cattaro.

Life and work up to the turn of the century

In 1881 Eugen was a member of the Austro-Hungarian delegation of the General Staff, which observed the major maneuvers in France . On his return he was appointed head of the office for operational and special general staff work, which made him the right hand of the chief of the general staff Feldzeugmeister Beck . From this position he was able to influence the major army reforms of the 1880s. He remained at this post - interrupted only by his visit to the great German maneuvers near Dresden and Breslau - until October 1884, when he took command of the 72nd Infantry Brigade in Agram . For his achievements in the General Staff he received a commendation from Emperor Franz Joseph , which later earned him the Signum Laudis. In March 1887, in the meantime already advanced to major general , he took over command of the 60th Infantry Brigade. August 1889 he received command of the 15th Infantry Division in Miskolc , followed shortly by his promotion to Field Marshal Lieutenant on November 1, 1889. On May 12, 1893 he received the post of commander of the 28th Infantry Division in Ljubljana and successfully led it into the great maneuvers at Güns . He was quickly replaced from this position, however, and made Honorary Cavalier of the King of Romania during his extended stay in Austria-Hungary. After this task he became deputy commander of the 2nd Corps and deputy to the commanding general in Vienna. It was a while before an active post became available for this outstanding general, but in September 1894 he was entrusted with the command of the 1st Corps, as well as the commanding general in Cracow . During the next nine years he advanced on the one hand to Feldzeugmeister on October 25, 1897 , on the other hand he was appointed Colonel Owner of the 89th Infantry Regiment in June 1895, and in 1894 also to the Privy Council ; in addition, he was repeatedly awarded various domestic and foreign medals.

The later years until death

On December 3, 1903, Eugen von Albori took over command of the 15th Corps in Sarajevo, which automatically made him head of the government in Bosnia and Herzegovina - this was probably the most important political post in the old Austro-Hungarian army . Since he had no children of his own, he transferred the title of baron and the coat of arms to his brother Johann, who lived with his family as a businessman and landowner in Trieste . Johann, who was ennobled himself in 1893, could now bear the title of baron. In June 1907, after a change in rank to General of the Infantry , Eugen was appointed General Inspector of the Troops. With that he had attained the highest possible rank in peacetime. During the annexation crisis of 1908, it was agreed that he, and not one of the archdukes , would become commander in chief of the entire army in the event of an armed conflict. On September 1, 1907, Eugen was able to mark his 50th anniversary in active officer service. In the course of this event, the emperor awarded him the Military Merit Cross with diamonds. This decoration was bestowed by the emperor personally and at his own expense to particularly deserving people, with only 23 such medals with diamonds being awarded between 1848 and 1918. This special piece - which also had the emperor's initials and the dates 1857 and 1907 - did not end up in a museum like most of the others, but was auctioned at Dorotheum in 1993 . On April 18, 1910, at the age of 72, Eugen asked for permission to retire, but this was not granted. Although he was relieved of his post, he was not sent into retirement. He subsequently settled in Vienna, where he still performed his only activities for the Society of the White Cross . He was finally elected president in 1913. General of the Infantry Eugen von Albori died on September 5, 1915 in Vienna.

Awards

literature

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Albori, Eugen von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austro-Hungarian officer, most recently in the rank of general of the infantry
DATE OF BIRTH December 27, 1838
PLACE OF BIRTH Cattaro , Dalmatia
DATE OF DEATH September 5, 1915
Place of death Vienna