Falcon (Treffurt)

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Hawks
City of Treffurt
Coordinates: 51 ° 7 ′ 0 ″  N , 10 ° 16 ′ 0 ″  E
Height : 185  (180-200)  m
Area : 13.5 km²
Incorporation : July 14, 1993
Postal code : 99830
Area code : 036923
map
Hawks
Town center around St. Martin's Church (2012)
Town center around St. Martin's Church (2012)

Falken has been a district of Treffurt in the Wartburg district in Thuringia since 1993 .

geography

Falken is located in the Werra valley , in the north of the Wartburg district in Thuringia. The total area of ​​the district is 13.50 km².

mountains

The highest elevation is the Dudelberg at the corridor border to Hallungen ( 435.1  m above sea level ), the Goldberg ( 379.8  m above sea level ) and the Kahn ( 321.7  m above sea level ). The steep slopes of the Falkener Klippen and the striking edge of the wooded waxwood are impressive examples of shell limestone .

Waters

Falken is located on the right bank of the River Werra, in the local situation which leads into this as a right tributary creek one, he takes on his way through the district to Höllgraben and several unnamed source streams on. From the barrage at Falken (river kilometer 0.78) the Werra is classified as another federal inland waterway .

history

First mention

Falken was first mentioned on the occasion of a trip by Archbishop Ruthard of Mainz in 1104. The place name in the document was Falchanaha . In the presence of a Treffurter knight Pilgrim de Trifurte , Ruthard erected an altar near Falken and determined the chapel to be built there as the center of a monastery, which he intended to found with the foundation of lands in the Werra Valley. The donations of goods show that this document documented the foundation of Probsteizella . The chapel, consecrated to Saint Martin, was designated in 1150 by a successor of Ruthardt as the seat of an archpriest , who was subordinate to the Archdeaconate Dorla. The missionary work to Christianity also reached the Falken area through St. Boniface . According to the local history, followers of Bonifatius stayed in the lower Werra valley in the years 718–719, the converted residents built a Bonifatius church in the local area as early as 748, which was one of the oldest churches in Thuringia. In 1863 a fire destroyed the building, which was last used as a cemetery chapel, and it was completely demolished.

Prehistory and early history

The Falken area already had a settlement in the Neolithic Age, as is indicated by finds (stone axes, scrapers made of flint, ceramic shards) that were made during field work and the construction of the railway line. During the extraction of gravel, a bronze sickle was found on the banks of the Werra below the wax wood , and a body grave with a bronze lance tip and three arm rings was also discovered in the area. In 1920, a stone box was uncovered in the community's sand pit ; it contained several skeletons. Settlements on the Lindenhauptskopf and the Sülzenberg emerged in a contact zone of the Germanic-Celtic settlement areas on the lower Werra, the fortified hill settlements are located halfway between the neighboring sites on the Heldrastein (Hüneburg) and the hill fort Sommerstein near Hallungen. According to local tradition, the Dudelsberg had a cultic significance as a mountain sanctuary.

middle Ages

After the fall of the Thuringian Empire, Franconian settlers moved to the sparsely populated area between Eichsfeld, Hainich and Werratal. The place name Frankenroda and the numerous "-hausen places" near Treffurt attest to this process. The new settlements also included the desert areas “Reimannshausen” and “Breitenberg” (also known as “Hinterscherbda”), as well as “Reichensachsen” near Heyerode , Wesse near Ebenshausen and Dudel within five kilometers of Falken.

Since the High Middle Ages, the place belonged to the dominion of the Lords of Treffurt at Normannstein Castle . In 1336 the knights of Treffurt were disempowered, who had an inglorious end as robber barons and were driven out after a family feud and multiple sieges of their castles by the sovereigns (Landgraves of Hesse, Landgraves of Thuringia, Archdiocese of Mainz). The former Burggrafschaft Normannstein with Treffurt and Falken now became part of the Treffurt inheritance . Like all other Treffurter properties, the village of Falken was divided into three equal parts according to the land peace treaty and received a mayor for each district. In 1359 a knight "Heyso von Falcken" had extensive holdings in the northwestern area of ​​Hainich as a fief . It is not known where his castle was. The family named after Falken is documented in Fermerswalde, Brandenburg, from 1474 onwards.

The original place with the Bonifatiuskirche was burned down during one of the countless raids and feuds that devastated Eichsfeld at the beginning of the 15th century, according to tradition, the residents of Falken had to atone for a conflict between the imperial city of Mühlhausen and the Erfurt Peterstift in 1417. The mill houses also reduced the cloister courtyard, St. Martin's Church and neighboring goods to rubble and ashes. The survivors found it sensible to rebuild the village at a more favorable location; they settled around the then fortress-like fortified churchyard of the burned down Martinskirche. This church was not renewed until the beginning of the 16th century. Since 1509 the aristocratic Keudell family (also Keudel) had been enfeoffed by the Thuringian Landgrave with the share of the village Falken due to Saxony, they were already fiefdoms in the Hessian part. Branches of the Keudells sat in falcons until 1839, and they also served as court lords for over 300 years. Coats of arms and gravestones in the church are reminiscent of former representatives of the Falken family clan whose residence was in the “Schlösschen”. A branch of the noble von Trott family belonged to the local nobility of Falken . The newly built estates of Schönberg and Taubenthal, which had become desolate, were owned by the Trotts, whose headquarters were in Falken on Junkergasse. The "Junkerhaus" mentioned in 1585 was a representative castle building in half-timbered style and was "In the Wall" - today Theodor-Neubauer-Straße.

Peasants' War and Reformation

The farmer's pulpit in the Falkener Klippen near Probsteizella

On February 13, 1525, 1000 rebel farmers gathered in the Treffurt area. The rock near Falken, known as the “Bauernkanzel”, only a few meters from the former Zella provost house, was given a memorial plaque during the GDR era. The rebellious farmers plundered and devastated monasteries and aristocratic residences in southern Eichsfeld, and previously also the monastery estate in Großburschla . The Catholic pastor Lips König, who was living in Falken at the time, was fond of the peasant crowd, his further fate is unknown. His successor, Matthäus Böttcher, was appointed as the first Protestant pastor in Falken in 1527.

The Hessian Landgrave Wilhelm IV. Was awarded half of the Treffurt estate according to the contract of July 20, 1591, and the agreement also stipulated that the superintendent of Langensalza should determine the church affairs of the Treffurt estate and the Bailiwick of Dorla . This passport was used until 1736.

Breitenberg desert

In the part of the Ganerbschaft belonging to Saxony was the deserted area of ​​Breitenberg , later referred to as Hinterscherbda. The ownership structure had been in dispute since the end of the meeting. The small settlement was referred to as a branch of the Falkener Church, and the branch of the Creuzburg noble family, which had lived in Scherbda since the late Middle Ages, got into a dispute with the dukes of Saxony over the confused ownership structure. In 1596, with the widow of Georg von Creuzburg, the disputed area was redistributed through a settlement, the Scherbdaer received the forest on the Breitenberg and part of the lands, the duke transferred the other half to the office of Creuzburg . The corridor in question had been used by a keudel sitting in falcons as a fief since 1545.

Gut Taubenthal

The former manor Taubenthal , in the immediate vicinity of which there was a larger settlement with its own church, belonged to the von Hopffgarten and von Keudel family as a Saxon fief until 1561. Even today certain parts of the land are known as: Dudelberg, Dudelkirche, Dudelhöfchen and Dudelborn. The named settlement is said to have been simply called Dudel. In 1561, Johann Friedrich the Middle of Saxony enfeoffed the von Keudel family as sole owners with the Taubenthal, which remained in their hands until 1833. It came into the possession of the Werneburg government councilor through sale in 1902, changed hands several times through inheritance and sale and later belonged to the high school director Groß from Hamburg. Before the First World War, the agricultural property had its own wind generator to operate an electric water pump. The factory owner Pawleky was the last owner of the Taubenthal. The last tenant was August Prakesch. In the early 1980s were the ruins of the earlier by the Nazzaer LPG manor house used - as part of the action vermin of the East German Stasi removed and leveled the terrain - to clean up the border area.

Falcons in the 17th and 18th centuries

The town of Treffurt experienced its first heyday as a trading center in the 17th century, stately courtyards and half-timbered houses have been preserved from that time, the rise of the town was only interrupted by the Thirty Years War . The village of Falken, only three kilometers away, was economically intertwined with the city; at the same time, the medieval guild laws with their ban miles and market restrictions increasingly hampered the village development of Falken, especially the practice of handicrafts. The decline of agriculture on the stony fields, which were often only laid out in strips because of the slopes, took place after the Thirty Years' War, at the same time there was the development of a few large manors and some farms in pawned property at the Treffurt patrician. During this time of upheaval, former small farmers increasingly turned into line weavers and day laborers, and cattle and sheep breeding gained in importance. During this time, the Falkener had to pay taxes and duties to 21 lords. Fruit growing - in the Treffurt area especially cherries and plums - created new opportunities to earn a living. A fruit kiln to preserve the harvested fruits was built at community expense. The place temporarily gave up the construction and dismantling of the wooden Werra bridge, which was required annually in spring and late autumn, as the jetty was often damaged by floods in summer, and a ferryman took its place. The few wagons now had to use the Treffurter bridge about three kilometers downriver.

20th century

In 1902 Falken received a train station on the Schwebda – Wartha railway line , which connected the town with Eisenach , Mihla , Creuzburg , Treffurt , Wanfried and Eschwege . An Allied air mine was dropped on Falken on September 9, 1944, and two days later there was severe devastation due to an attack on the train station, in which several houses were hit and damaged. A memorial stone for four bomb deaths in September and November 1944, including a 5-year-old girl, can be found in the Falken cemetery. On March 31, 1945, parts of the village were damaged in a low-flying attack on a hospital and transport train. Two soldiers were killed. On April 3, 1945, the Werra bridges (road and railroad) in Falken were blown up as part of the “battle for the Werra line”. A day later, after a brief skirmish, Falken was occupied by the US Army. As a result of the war-related damage, railway operations were no longer possible between Treffurt and Mihla, so this section was released for dismantling on May 2, 1949.

Population development

Development of the population:

  • 1773-734
  • 1800-743
  • 1840-906
  • 1857-960
  • 1858-972
  • 1861-962
  • 1864 - 0954
  • 1876 - 0999
  • 1900 - 1150
  • 1926-1192
  • 1938-1272
  • 1956-1362
  • 1987 - 1170
Data source: Ortschronik Falken

Culture and sights

Cultural monuments

  • In the center of the village is the building complex "Güldenes Stift" built like a fortified church with the Martinskirche, some storage sheds and the gatehouse.
  • The Martin Church was built around 1500 on the foundations of an earlier church. During construction work in the churchyard in 1995, rubble and a piece of wall were documented as evidence of the former development. The Martinskirche has a 32 m high tower with a square base of 8 m edge length, the top of which rises again 18 m and is surrounded by four corner turrets. The long nave of 18 m in length adjoins the square choir room of 9.75 m × 9.50 m, but it is only 9.5 m wide. A special feature of the church is a panel painting from the school of the painter Conrad von Soest, dated around 1420. The circumstances how this precious picture came to Falken are unknown, perhaps it was taken over from the Bonifatiuskirche. In the 19th century there was a certain indifference and contempt for the medieval evidence in the municipal administration, this particularly concerned the still numerous gravestones of the noble families who once lived in Falken. Most of these stones were smashed and used to fortify the banks of the Werra, other stones were smoothed and sold as building blocks, door sills or stone tabletops. The culturally and historically significant Bonifatius Church at the cemetery was also demolished without hesitation after a fire and replaced by a new building.
  • In the local area of ​​Falken there are still numerous half-timbered houses and farmsteads.
  • The Keudelsche Castle - is considered the oldest secular building, it was once owned by the Lords of Keudel (from 1509 feudal owners of Falken), a belonging courtyard with a stone building - the "Schlösschen".
  • The Falkener Anger is located in the center of the village and was surrounded by a low stone wall. The square served the jurisdiction and was also used as a meeting and dance place.
  • On the north side of the Angers is the "Stolperstein", a stone cross of considerable size.
  • The “peasant pulpit” in the Werra valley was designated as a regionally significant historical monument for the “Great German Peasants' War” and the period of the “ early bourgeois revolution ” during the GDR era .
  • The Falken hydropower plant on the banks of the Werra was designated as a technical monument. After a technical overhaul and installation of modern control technology, the power plant has been feeding electricity into the grid again since 1999.

Nature reserves and monuments

The Probsteizella nature reserve is located southeast of the town and has a size of 26.9 hectares. It was expelled on March 23, 1961.

Several trees in the district are designated as natural monuments :

  • Linden tree on Lindenberg
  • Oak under the Hirtsliethe
  • Linden tree in Falkenried
  • Linden tree in the Ziegentalsgraben

societies

The people of Falken are sociable and very active, there are currently more than 20 associations:

  • the "Heimatverein Falken" is today an umbrella association for numerous groups and interest groups (pedigree poultry breeders, small animal breeders 'association, gardening clubs, fishing clubs, hunters' clubs, dog sports clubs and local chronicles)

Under the direction of the Heimatverein, a Heimatstube was set up in the church, the local history was processed and the preparations for the local anniversary were organized.

  • The beginnings of choral singing are documented in the year 1869, the innkeeper Kaspar Ewald asked a group of young men to be entered in the register of associations with him as the “Falkener Liedertafel”. The first mixed choir was formed in 1884 with the “Gesangsverein Harmonie”. From members of both choirs, the “Sängerkranz” was founded in 1903 as the third choral society, and there was also the church choir. All three choral societies had 200 singers after the First World War. After the Second World War, the rebuilding of choral singing began with modest success, the Falken men's choir, founded in 1948, became part of the Falken Heimatverein in 1993.
  • The Falkener Musikanten are a brass band that can look back on a long tradition today. As early as 1871 there were wind musicians in Falken who played to dance or performed at parades and parties.
  • the fire brigade association
  • the sports club in 1948
  • the fair society

Others

As evidence of coarse folk humor, neck names and nicknames that characterize each village developed centuries ago . According to this, the Falkener Musmänner lived here , as the place used to be a talking point for fruit growing and plum jam . Today's kindergarten in Falken also remembered this incident; its protégés are affectionately referred to as must-have men .

literature

  • Municipal administration Falken (Ed.): 900 years Falken on the Werra . Druck- und Verlagshaus Frisch, Eisenach 2004, ISBN 3-931431-31-2 , p. 186 .

Web links

Commons : Falcons  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Thuringian Land Surveying Office TK25 - sheet 4827 Treffurt
  2. ↑ Geyer, Jahne, Storch Geological sights of the Wartburg district and the independent city of Eisenach In: Naturschutz im Wartburgkreis , volume 8., Bad Salzungen, 1999, p. 25f
  3. ^ Directory of other federal inland waterways, published in Directory E, serial no. 62 and directory F der Chronik ( Memento of the original of July 22, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.wsv.de
  4. ↑ Manfred Stimming (edit.): The documents up to the death of Archbishop. Adalbert I. In: Historical Association for Hesse (Hrsg.): Mainzer Urkundenbuch . tape 1 . Darmstadt 1932. (419)
  5. ^ Falken municipal administration (ed.): 900 years of falcons on the Werra . Druck- und Verlagshaus Frisch, Eisenach 2004, ISBN 3-931431-31-2 , From the beginning of our era to the early Middle Ages, p. 16-20 .
  6. ^ Falken municipal administration (ed.): 900 years of falcons on the Werra . Druck- und Verlagshaus Frisch, Eisenach 2004, ISBN 3-931431-31-2 , The early man in the Werratal, p. 16-20 .
  7. ↑ Raymund Falk: The deserted Reichensachsen near Heyerode and the settlement of the Hainich low mountain range . In: Association for Eichsfeldische Heimatkunde (Hrsg.): Eichsfeld-Jahrbuch . Issue 1. Mecke Druck und Verlag, Duderstadt 1993, p. 127-160 .
  8. ↑ a b Falken municipal administration (ed.): 900 years of falcons on the Werra . Druck- und Verlagshaus Frisch, Eisenach 2004, ISBN 3-931431-31-2 , The village of falcons in the Middle Ages, p. 21-24 .
  9. ↑ a b Falken municipal administration (ed.): 900 years of falcons on the Werra . Druck- und Verlagshaus Frisch, Eisenach 2004, ISBN 3-931431-31-2 , The Lords of Keudel, p. 25-26 .
  10. ^ Falken municipal administration (ed.): 900 years of falcons on the Werra . Druck- und Verlagshaus Frisch, Eisenach 2004, ISBN 3-931431-31-2 , The saga of the farmer's pulpit , p. 29-30 .
  11. ^ Wilhelm Bach: Church statistics of the Protestant Church in the Electorate of Hesse . (Self-published), Cassesl 1835, p. 261 . ( Digitized at Google Books)
  12. ↑ Werneburg's local chronicle of Scherbda, section on the Hinterscherbda desert
  13. ^ NN: The Nazza Castle Association presents: Gut Taubenthal . In: Werra Valley News . October 25, 1993, p. 11 .
  14. ^ Falken municipal administration (ed.): 900 years of falcons on the Werra . Druck- und Verlagshaus Frisch, Eisenach 2004, ISBN 3-931431-31-2 , Church and everyday life in the 17th century, p. 35-38 .
  15. ↑ Hälbig, Eberhard and Rainer Lämmerhirt : Air war in the Eisenach-Gotha-Hainich-Werratal-Thuringian Forest area 1943-1945 . Publishing house Rockstuhl, Bad Langensalza. 2nd edition 2013. ISBN 978-3-86777-348-5 , page 180
  16. ↑ Eberhard Halbig. Rainer Lämmerhirt: Air war in the Eisenach area… Rockstuhl publishing house, Bad Langensalza, 2012. ISBN 978-3-86777-348-5 . Pp. 180-182
  17. ^ Rainer Lämmerhirt: Fight for the Werra line . Rockstuhl Verlag, ISBN 3-937135-64-2 , p. 112 f.
  18. ^ Falken municipal administration (ed.): 900 years of falcons on the Werra . Druck- und Verlagshaus Frisch, Eisenach 2004, ISBN 3-931431-31-2 , Die Martinskirche, p. 198-205 .
  19. ^ Helmut Scherf: Architectural and art monuments in the city and district of Eisenach. Part I - district area . In: Eisenach writings on local history . Issue 12. Druck- und Verlagshaus Frisch, Eisenach 1980, The list of architectural and cultural monuments in the Eisenach district (district) confirmed on March 22, 1979 by the Eisenach district council, p. 71 .
  20. ^ Klaus Schmidt: The Wartburg district. Nature and landscape . In: Wartburgkreis (Ed.): Nature conservation in the Wartburgkreis . tape 7 . Printing and publishing house Frisch, Eisenach and Bad Salzungen 1999, p. 87 .
  21. ^ Biedermann: Natural monuments in the Wartburg district . District Office Wartburgkreis, 2014, p. 22 ff.
  22. ^ Falken municipal administration (ed.): 900 years of falcons on the Werra . Druck- und Verlagshaus Frisch, Eisenach 2004, ISBN 3-931431-31-2 , Der Heimatverein Falken, p. 242-246 .
  23. ^ Falken municipal administration (ed.): 900 years of falcons on the Werra . Druck- und Verlagshaus Frisch, Eisenach 2004, ISBN 3-931431-31-2 , Der Männerchor Falken, p. 250-252 .
  24. ^ Falken municipal administration (ed.): 900 years of falcons on the Werra . Druck- und Verlagshaus Frisch, Eisenach 2004, ISBN 3-931431-31-2 , The History of Falken Brass Music, p. 255 .
  25. ↑ Rolf Aulepp: Nicknames of the places and their residents in the Mühlhausen district. In: Eichsfelder Heimathefte , Heft 1, Heiligenstadt, 1987, pp. 78–83.