Fermerswalde

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Fermerswalde
Coordinates: 51 ° 38 ′ 48 ″  N , 13 ° 11 ′ 25 ″  E
Height : 80 m above sea level NHN
Incorporation : December 31, 2001
Postal code : 04916
Area code : 035363
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Fermerswalde is a district of the official city of Herzberg (Elster) in the Elbe-Elster district in Brandenburg . The place is about 6 kilometers southwest of the district town of Herzberg (Elster) and is directly on the federal highway 87 .

geography

Fermerswalde is located about 6 kilometers southwest of the district town of Herzberg (Elster) and is located directly on the federal highway 87 in the northwest of the Elbe-Elster district in the border area with the federal states of Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt . The area of ​​the district Fermerswalde is 3.83 km² and is located in the Elbe-Elster lowland in the area of ​​the Black Elster lowland. In the south Fermerswalde borders on the district of Beyern (now part of the town of Falkenberg), in the west on Züllsdorf , in the north on Buckau and in the east on Gräfendorf.

history

Place name and first documentary mention

Which was first mentioned road Angersdorf 1380 as Volmer forest in a deed of Saxon-witten bergischen Duke I. Wenzel This allowed a Kasper Kum from Herzberg, interest of Volmer forest to give away. Later spellings of the place were: 1429 Formerswalde, 1444 Bormerswalde, 1460 Vormarswalde, 1486 Volmarswalde, 1529 Firmerßwalde / Formerswalde, 1555 Fromerswalde / Formerswalde / Fermerswalde . The place names refer to the Volmar settlement on the forest.

In earlier times, Fermerswalde also appeared as a knight's seat and in 1424 the owner Oswald von Czemen was named as explicitly “to Volkmarswalde”. In the second half of the 15th century and the first half of the 16th century , the family of Falk (s), who come from the western Thuringian village of Falken and are also wealthy in Hainich , appear in documents as Herzberg citizens and electoral officials and also have rights owned via Triestewitz , Arzberg , Nichtewitz and Bleddin . The Falk (s) were originally a Hessian family, whose representatives were active in the administration of the Treffurt Ganerbschaft . For unknown reasons, the falcon (s) turned to Saxony and the Mark. After 1555, Fermerswalde was acquired by the Elector August I of Saxony (1526–1586) and from then on was subject to the authority of the Lochau / Annaburg office until 1815.

For the years 1474 (owner was Mathias von Falk (en)) and 1529 (owner was Sophie von Falk (en), née von Lamberswalde, widow of Jorge von Falk (en) and mother of Clement von Falk (en)) that there were ten hofners and two gardeners in the village . When the Elector August I of Saxony had a zoo set up for Annaburg Castle and surrounded by a wall, the twelve Hüfner and four gardeners who belonged to the Fermerswalde Vorwerk , which Erich Falcke owned at the time , were supposed to do the relevant construction services. In 1577 the elector converted these services into compulsory money.

Fermerswalde and the Neugraben

Fermerswalde was particularly affected by the construction of the new dig in 1576 and 1577 , which was built from Neumühl an der Schwarzen Elster via Annaburg to Grabo to the Schwarzen Elster and led in Fermerswalde through the middle of the still existing Nachtheide. Due to the construction, municipal lands were withdrawn from use. Therefore, in 1579, the village turned to the Elector August von Sachsen with a complaint and on August 26, 1579 received compensation by letting the "four Lasswiesen" which directly adjoined the fields of the community. In addition, however, the community had to pay an annual interest rate of three talers, three groschen and six pfennigs. The Neugraben leaves the Schwarze Elster in Neumühl near Uebigau , touches the eastern outskirts of Annaburg and flows back into the Schwarze Elster at Grabo near Jessen . The construction of the new dig was carried out by the master bricklayer and master builder Christof Tendler (around 1540 to before 1617) and by the electoral Saxon chief miner Martin Planer (around 1510–1582) from Freiberg (Saxony) with the participation of up to 2300, partly forced laborers. The canal, navigable in earlier years, was once 8 m wide and 30 km long. Today the width is only 5 to 7 m with a water depth of 0.1 m to 0.6 m. Originally the new dig was not used for rafting. This only took place after an order from August the Strong on May 4, 1697.

Fermerswalde in wartime

Like countless other villages and towns in Germany, Fermerswalde experienced its decline in the Thirty Years' War , especially in 1637 after it was pillaged by the Swedish army under General Banner. In 1642 Fermerswalde was again devastated by the Swedes. The Swedish troops were then in Graditz , Kreischau and Zwethau and made provisions far into the Herzberg area. In 1672, 24 years after the end of the Thirty Years' War , of the previously existing 13 Hüfner and three new farmer positions, three Hüfner and three new farmer positions were recorded as desolate . The old settlement structure with 19 farms was not restored until 1733. But in 1748 a fire put down large parts of the village again. Those who were burned down were exempted from paying the hereditary interest in the amount of around 40 thalers. For the years 1749 and 1771, 21 farms are listed in the municipality's population lists.

In particular, the years 1558, 1579, 1622 and 1637 are given for Fermerswalde as times of great famine and high prices. In 1726, the community had to waive hereditary interest and trift money because of weather damage and malformation and in 1730 oats and trift money because of the castle damage suffered on their crops . Furthermore, the First Silesian War (1740–1742), the Second Silesian War (1744–1745) and the Seven Years War (1756–1763) caused great hardship in the community. The villagers had to raise funds for recruits to be recruited, for the purchase of artillery horses and for work on the Torgauer Elbschanze . On September 23, 1756, the community was asked to give cattle and sheep to the Prussian army and on October 16 to pay 100 thalers and 11 groschen as forage money . Therefore the villagers remained behind with the other taxes. On November 14, 1763, the community was waived because of the "suffered war calamities 120 bushels of arrears interest and trifth oats".

Development in the 19th century

Fermerswalde received its first school during the wars of liberation in 1813. In 1853 a new building was built here. In the meantime, as a result of the provisions of the Congress of Vienna, the Kingdom of Saxony had been annexed to the Kingdom of Prussia and has since been part of the Prussian Province of Saxony . In the second half of the 19th century, the region gradually began to industrialize, which would soon also have an impact on Fermerswalde. Today's federal road 87, formerly known as Chaussee Leipzig – Frankfurt or Prussian State Road No. 33 , leads through the village . The first local expansion took place here in 1872. Around the same time, the railway construction reached Fermerswalde, which is affected by the Falkenberg – Wittenberg railway line and which was given its own station in 1876. In 1909, a dairy was established in the vicinity. A sawmill had already been opened in the village shortly before.

present

With the incorporation on December 31, 2001, Fermerswalde became a district of the city of Herzberg.

Culture and sights

The village image of the community, which still has around 150 inhabitants , is shaped by the Fermerswalder Church with its approximately 24-meter-high tower, which towers over the courtyards on both sides of the main street. Apart from the medieval church, the building stock goes back to the 18th century . The most representative building ensemble from this era is the former electoral chief forester's office from 1767 , which is also a listed building .

The ensemble of buildings at the Fermerswalde train station is also on the Brandenburg List of Historic Monuments .

  • Village church

  • Former head forester's office

  • Station building

traffic

Fermerwalde is on the Węgliniec – Roßlau railway line . The local train station is served by regional trains of the DB Regio according to the schedule.

Web links

Commons : Fermerswalde  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ City of Herzberg (Elster) - districts according to § 45 municipal constitution - inhabited districts - living spaces. In: service.brandenburg.de. Ministry of the Interior and Local Affairs of the State of Brandenburg, accessed on November 6, 2016 .
  2. ↑ a b c Herrmann Bley: Gemeindechronik, Fermerswalde 1937
  3. ^ Walter Wenzel : The place names of the Schweinitzer country, Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1964, also dissertation, Leipzig 1960
  4. ^ Falken municipal administration (ed.): 900 years of falcons on the Werra . Druck- und Verlagshaus Frisch, Eisenach 2004, ISBN 3-931431-31-2 , The village of falcons in the Middle Ages, p. 21-24 .
  5. ^ Chronicle of the Herzberg City Archives
  6. ^ Excursion guide of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Heimatkunde eV from September 19, 1998
  7. ↑ Sybille Gramlich / Irmelin Küttner: Elbe-Elster district, part 1: The city of Herzberg / Elster and the offices of Falkenberg / Uebigau, Herzberg, Schlieben and Schönewalde , pp. 230 to 233, ISBN 978-3-88462-152-3
  8. ↑ a b Database of the Brandenburg State Office for the Preservation of Monuments and the State Archaeological Museum ( Memento from December 9, 2017 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on December 4, 2016.