Freinberg (Linz)
| Freinberg | ||
|---|---|---|
 View of the Danube Valley from the Franz Josef-Warte on the Freinberg |
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| height | 405 m above sea level A. | |
| location | Upper Austria , Austria | |
| Dominance | 1.4 km → Pöstlingberg | |
| Notch height | 80 m ↓ Aichberg | |
| Coordinates | 48 ° 18 '13 " N , 14 ° 15' 50" E | |
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| Normal way | Hike | |
The Freinberg is a 405 m high mountain in the urban area of the Upper Austrian capital Linz . Earlier names of the mountain plateau and the subsequently forested mountain ridge to the south were Galgenberg or Jägermayrwald. From the Freinberg you can practically see the entire city.
The mountain was named in 1910 after the statistical district Freinberg of the Linz district Waldegg . The statistical district of Freinberg lies on the southern foothills of the ridge.
location
Geologically , the Freinberg is an offshoot of the Kürnberg and belongs to the Bohemian Massif . This is a rump mountain range that extends from the Czech Republic to the neighboring areas of Austria , Germany and Poland .
The highest point of the Freinberg is about two kilometers west of the city center of Linz. It is located in the statistical district of Römerberg-Margarethen , which encloses it on the west and east sides. The southern slope of the mountain borders on the Anemonenweg, Edelweißberg and Römerstraße to the statistical district of Freinberg. The mountain is also developed through this district.
The southern reaches of the Freinberg ridge extend to the Römerberg and Mariahilfberg, Bauernberg, Froschberg to Holzheim and Lärchenau.
At 405 m high, it is the lowest mountain in the Bay of Linz. The Kürnberg is 526 meters high , the Pfenningberg 616 meters and the Pöstlingberg 539 meters.
The mountain peak is surrounded by a triangular plateau which drops from the highest point in the north of 405 meters in height in the south to about 310 meters. The eastern side is characterized by a rocky, steep drop to the Danube . On the western side, wooded steep slopes have formed into the magic valley . The plateau has an area of around 4 hectares and was expanded into a park from the late 18th century.
The Freinberg can be reached with bus line 26 of the Linz Linien .
history
Emperor Friedrich III. (1415–1493) granted the city of Linz permission to judge life and death in 1453. Therefore the city erected a gallows on the "perg called Lützelburg" to the west of the Martinskirche . The gallows stood on the mountain in an easterly direction and was visible from afar. In 1483 the area name "Freinberg" was first mentioned in a document. This name only refers to the area around the "Gut Ast" between Martinskirche, Jesuit monastery / Aloisianum and Jägermayr. The wooded mountain bordering the north / northeast is called "Galgenberg". When there were no more executions, the Galgenberg was referred to as "Jägermayrberg" and only since 1910 as "Freinberg".
The plateau of the "Freinberg" is likely to have been settled as early as the late Neolithic , as scattered finds show. A fortification from the late Bronze Age could also be proven.
The plateau was suitable for settlement, as the eastern side was naturally protected by the Danube eruption and the western side by steep slopes leading to the magic valley. The southern, wide mountain climb had to be secured to protect against intruders. In the middle of the ridge runs from the west to the east slope an open V-shaped protective wall .
This protective wall was only intended for the Romans , since the foundation walls of a Roman building were exposed during the construction of the Franz Josefs-Warte in 1888. When the protective wall was broken through in 1901 by the construction of a road to the control room, the Linz Museum discovered traces that put the facility in the prehistoric or prehistoric era.
A research project by the Institute for Prehistory and Early History dealt again with archaeological work on the Freinberg between 1990 and 1996. The results of the excavations showed that the protective wall was verifiably destroyed three times by fire. Thus the complex was built in four phases (the first three in the Late Bronze Age, the last in the Late Latène Period ). Only the last construction phase was provided with simple stone installations. The settlement of this time extended beyond the approximately 2.5 hectare large defense area. Domestic ceramics and imported bronze objects as well as coins were found. The settlement later moved in the direction of Römerberg and Schloßberg , where excavations by the Linz City Museum Nordico uncovered traces of settlement from the end of the Iron Age to the Roman Empire . As a result, the archaeologists dated the fortifications to the 11th to 9th centuries BC. The Freinberg is likely to have been the first permanently settled place in today's Linz.
Since the second half of the 19th century, the Freinberg has become a recreational area for the people of Linz. The mountain undoubtedly owes this to the enormous commitment of the “Linz Beautification Association”. Various excursion inns opened on and around the mountain . Since the post-war period and the increase in mobility in the 1960s, however, the number of visitors has declined. Some of the traditional inns had to close.
Park
In 1865 the “Linz Beautification Association” was founded. The main goal of the association was: "Recreation of the urban population in the countryside". Closely linked to the city council, he was responsible for securing and providing green spaces. In 1940, 75 years after it was founded, the Linz Beautification Association decided to dissolve itself.
The beautification association has been committed to preserving the Jägermayr- / Freinberg and transforming it into a park for the common good. Today the park extends over an area of around 20 hectares. It is divided into the park sections: Stadtwäldchen, Galgenberg- / Freinberg-Plateau, Schöne Aussicht, Kaiser Franz Josef Park, Frank Anlagen, Turmleiten and Holzmann- / Lärchen Wiese.
The following objects were or were created in the individual park sections (some of which are now listed):
Gasthof Jägermayrhof
Originally it is said to be a forester's house from the 16th or 17th century. The "Jägermayrhäusl" was first mentioned in a document in 1741 when it was sold to Wilhering Abbey . Since 1762 the "Jägermayr" has been run as an inn. In 1956 it served as a refugee accommodation. Since 1959, the Jägermayrhof has been the educational center of the Upper Austrian Chamber of Labor.
Inn for a beautiful view
At the northernmost point of the plateau, the “Zur Schönen Aussicht” inn was built in 1868. At that time, the guests were offered a 360 degree view. In 1970 it was demolished and the area was integrated into the park
Franz Josef waiting
As early as 1873, the Linz Beautification Association built a wooden observation tower. However, this was canceled again in 1881 for safety reasons.
Since 1883, the beautification association had been thinking of building a new fixed-construction observation tower on the Jägermayr plateau. After years of careful and careful planning, one of the proposed projects could be realized. A five-storey round tower made of bricks in exposed masonry was built . The top floor towers above the tower wall. The overhang is decorated with small pointed arches . Above this floor is a viewing platform, which is reinforced with a crenellated wreath and offers a 360 ° panoramic view. The access to the platform is through a stair tower built as an octagonal bay window . This is supported by a supporting pillar that is stepped down to the ground like a staircase. Inside the tower, one overcomes the five floors via a wooden spiral staircase .
To commemorate the 40th anniversary of Emperor Franz Josef's reign on December 2, 1888, the tower was named as Franz Josef-Warte with “permission from the highest authority” and was opened on August 3, 1889 with a ceremonial act.
In 1912 a single-storey extension was built at the Franz Josef-Warte as an apartment for the path maker and guardian of the complex.
Elevated tank
In 1894, the city of Linz built an elevated tank near the Jägermayr inn . At the time, this served as a water lock and was an important part of the city's water supply. The "Jägermayr elevated tank" has a capacity of 100 m³ and is still in operation today.
In 1944 the construction of an additional elevated tank was started above the tank from 1894. Construction work had to be stopped at the end of the year. The building could not be completed until December 1946. The Freinberg elevated tank has a capacity of 1000 m³.
drinking fountain
In 1894, in connection with the construction of the elevated tank, a drinking fountain was built at Jägermayr . A small building in a simple historical form, with a hipped roof . At the front in a basket-arched niche is a water dispenser and a small fountain bowl near the floor.
Imperial oak
To commemorate the 50th anniversary of the reign of Emperor Franz Josef, the Beautification Association planted an "imperial oak" in 1898. It was planted at the former location of the wooden observation tower that was demolished in 1881. The oak was a donation from the Poschacher brewery . The former mayor of Linz Viktor Drouot donated a memorial plaque on a boulder from the Kürnbergerwald. It was not until 1908 to 1911 that the “Kaiser Franz Josef Park” on the eastern slope, designed by the city gardener Prenosyl, was created around the imperial oak.
Viewing platform
At the “Gasthaus Zur Schönen Aussicht”, a large viewing platform was built in 1925 on a rock spur above the Calvari walls. The terrace, known as the "Danube View", offered a clear view of the Danube to the Pöstlingberg.
Aviator memorial
At the suggestion of the "Upper Austrian Airship Association", an aviator memorial with a viewing platform was created on November 23, 1913 to commemorate the balloon rides of Archduke Josef Ferdinand, who was enthusiastic about flying. This was placed east of the Jägermayrhof. An eight-meter-high monolith of marble wore a 1.8-meter Icarus . The memorial was destroyed in the Second World War and the figure was melted down by the metal collection after the war ended in 1944.
In 1954, the city of Linz erected a new memorial called “Instead of the Fliegerdenkmal”. This shows a youth with his arms raised. The figure was created by Wilhelm Frass in 1929 and cast in bronze. Originally it stood on the grave of the mayor of St. Pölten, today it is on a marble column that is supported by two granite steps. The memorial is not on the site of the former aviator memorial.
Barbara Chapel
The “Upper Austrian Artillery Association” had the Barbara Chapel built on Römerstrasse on the Freinberg in 1932 to commemorate those who died in the First World War. The chapel faces northeast and at that time had a clear view of the Danube Valley and Linz. It has a small tower that stands over a porch that is open on three sides. On the south side is a sgraffito of Saint Barbara, with a tower, host, cannon and the inscription: “Saint Barbara pray for us”. The Barbara chapel belongs to the parish of St. Matthias.
During the Second World War, the chapel was damaged by aerial bombs in 1944. In 1950 the repairs could be carried out.
Cenotaph for Elsa Brändström
Elsa Brändström (born March 26, 1888 † March 4, 1948) was a philanthropist . During World War I she was a volunteer nurse in the Russian army. After the war she went to Siberia for the Swedish Red Cross . She set up basic medical care in prison camps for prisoners of war. This made her known as the "Angel of Siberia". Elsa Brändström worked for charitable organizations throughout her life.
On May 28, 1961, a memorial was inaugurated for Elsa Brändström at Römerstraße 96 near Franz Josef-Warte.
Franz Schubert Linde
On November 19, 1978, on the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the death of the composer Franz Schubert (* January 31, 1797 † November 19, 1828), the city of Linz planted a linden tree. The location of the former “Gasthaus Zur Schöne Aussicht” was chosen. A memorial plaque was placed next to the linden tree.
Children's playground
In 1949 a children's playground was created on the Rosenhang.
Objects in the statistical district of Freinberg
Further objects are located in the statistical district of Freinberg . For example the test tower , the Kollegium Aloisianum , the Freinberg transmitter , or the Johannes Kepler observatory
literature
- Susanne Sievers , Otto Helmut Urban , Peter C. Ramsl: Lexicon for Celtic Archeology (= communications from the prehistoric commission. Volume 73). 2 volumes (A – K and L – Z), Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften , Vienna 2012, ISBN 978-3-7001-6765-5 , p. 570.
- Alfred R. Benesch: At the Freinberg. A short natural and cultural history - "hortography" of the central Linz open and green space. In: Reports for ecology and nature conservation of the city of Linz. Volume 2, Linz 2009 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ; pp. 114–123: Rundschau von der Franz Josef-Warte from a leaflet of the Beautification Association in Linz on the Danube, Linz 1893).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hermann Kohl: The Freinberg and its foothills once considered in terms of geological history. In: Apollo. News sheet of the natural history station of the city of Linz. Volume 27, Linz 1972, pp. 1-3 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Alfred R. Benesch: Am Freinberg. A short natural and cultural history - "hortography" of the central Linz open and green space. In: Reports for ecology and nature conservation of the city of Linz. Volume 2, Linz 2009 ( PDF on ZOBODAT , pages: a = 134, b = 143 + 159, c = 163, d = 143 + 144, e = 145 + 146, f = 168. G = 177, h = 168, i = 177, j = 182, k = 177 + 178, l = 177-180, m = 157, n = 156).
- ^ Praehistorische-archaeologie.de Finds from an excavation. Retrieved September 6, 2018
- ↑ a b web.archive.org: Celtic hill settlements on the central Danube research project - Linz-Freinberg. Retrieved September 6, 2018
- ^ A b c Ludwig Benesch: Pictures from the archaeological environment of Linz. IV. The prehistoric ramparts on the Freinberg and Luftenberg. after 1910, pp. 188-195 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
- ↑ web.archive.org: ORF ON Science: The Freinberg - the oldest root of Linz . Retrieved September 6, 2018
- ↑ Chamber of Labor Upper Austria . Jägermayrhof: a house with history. Retrieved September 8, 2018
- ↑ Information from Linz AG
- ^ Höhenrausch - the history of aviation in Upper Austria. Great enthusiasm for flying in the OoeGeschichte.at forum
- ↑ Instead of the aviator memorial. In: stadtgeschichte.linz.at. Linz Culture, accessed on May 18, 2020 .
- ↑ Barbara Chapel. In: stadtgeschichte.linz.at. Linz Culture, accessed on May 18, 2020 .
- ↑ Elsa Brandström. In: stadtgeschichte.linz.at. Linz Culture, accessed on May 18, 2020 .
- ↑ Schubertlinde. In: stadtgeschichte.linz.at. Linz Kultur, accessed on May 18, 2020 (location: Römerstraße 96).