Fruit pigeons

Fruit pigeons
King fruit dove ( Ptilinopus regina )
Systematics
Sub-stem : Vertebrates (vertebrata) Class : Birds (aves) Order : Pigeon birds (Columbiformes) Family : Pigeons (Columbidae) Subfamily : Fruit pigeons
Scientific name
Treroninae
Gray , 1840

The fruit pigeons (Treroninae) are a subfamily of the pigeons .

features

The fruit pigeons have a stocky build, a short, thick beak, short, strong feet, medium-length wings and a short tail, made up of fourteen feathers, usually straight, rarely somewhat wedge-shaped. The vividly colored plumage in some places is striking. This distinguishes them from the mostly gray-colored species of the subfamily Columbinae .

distribution

The fruit pigeons are common in the southern regions of the Old World . They occur in Africa as well as in southern Asia and in Australia as well as on the islands of the Pacific Ocean .

Way of life

The name "fruit pigeons" indicates the diet of the species of this pigeon subfamily. They live on trees and mostly only eat fruits. Some species have special adaptations of the gastrointestinal tract to digest the fruit.

Systematics and taxonomy

The generic list shown below represents the subfamily Treroninae, as it was established as one of five subfamilies of the pigeons by Derek Goodwin . According to the latest molecular genetic studies, however, the green pigeons (genus Treron ) were removed from this group in order to obtain a monophyletic taxon. The green pigeons now form the Treronini tribe . The remaining fruit pigeons, with the exception of the brown fruit pigeons, form the Ptilinopini tribe . These two branches are united with others in the newly assembled subfamily Raphinae, which also includes the extinct dodo , ( Raphus cucullatus ).

species

The fruit pigeons (Treroninae) comprise 10 genera according to the existing system:

Northern green pigeons in Sri Lanka

• Green pigeons ( Treron ) (31 species, as of January 15, 2015 )
  • Cinnamon-head green pigeon ( Treron fulvicollis )
  • Little green pigeon ( Treron olax )
  • Spring pigeon ( Treron vernans )
  • Bind Grüntaube ( Treron bicincta )
  • Thick-billed green pigeon ( Treron curvirostra )
  • Gray-masked green pigeon ( Treron griseicauda )
  • Flores green pigeon ( Treron floris )
  • Sumba green pigeon ( Treron teysmannii )
  • Green Timor Dove or Timor Green Dove ( Treron psittacea )
  • Great green pigeon ( Treron capellei )
  • Red-shouldered green pigeon ( Treron phoenicoptera )
  • Waalietaube or Waaliataube ( Treron waalia )
  • Madagascar green pigeon ( Treron australis )
  • Red-nosed green pigeon or naked-faced green pigeon ( Treron calvus )
  • Pemba green pigeon ( Treron pembaensis )
  • Sao Thomè green pigeon ( Treron sancithomae )
  • Pointed-tailed green pigeon ( Treron apicauda )
  • Gray -breasted green pigeon ( Treron delalandii )
  • Formosa green pigeon ( Treron formosae )
  • Comoros green pigeon ( Treron griveaudi )
  • Riukiu green pigeon ( Treron permagnus )
  • Yellow-bellied green pigeon ( Treron oxyurus )
  • White-bellied green pigeon ( Treron seimundi )
  • Siebold's green pigeon ( Treron Sieboldii )
  • Wedge-tailed green pigeon ( Treron sphenurus )

Gray-fronted pompadour pigeon , male

• Pompadour pigeons (also belong to the green pigeons)
  • Sri Lankan Pompadour Dove or Andaman Green Dove ( Treron pompadora )
  • Andaman pompadour pigeon ( Treron chloropterus )
  • Ash-head pompadour dove ( Treron phayrei )
  • Gray-fronted pompadour pigeon ( Treron affinis )
  • Moluccan pompadour pigeon ( Treron aromaticus )
  • Philippines pompadour pigeon ( Treron axillaris )

• Brown fruit pigeons ( Phapitreron ) (8 species as of January 15, 2015 )
  • Philippines black- streaked pigeon or ear-pigeon ( Phapitreron leucotis )
  • Short-billed ear-pigeon ( Phapitreron brevirostris )
  • Cebute dove ( Phapitreron frontalis )
  • Amethyst dove ( Phapitreron amethystina )
  • Dark- eared pigeon or gray-headed pigeon ( Phapitreron cinereiceps )
  • Western visaya pigeon ( Phapitreron maculipectus )
  • Cinnamon pigeon ( Phapitreron nigrorum )

• Blue fruit pigeons ( Alectroenas Gray , 1840)
  • Paradise fruit pigeon ( Alectroenas pulcherrima )
  • Madagascar fruit pigeon ( Alectroenas madagascariensis )
  • Comoros fruit pigeon ( Alectroenas sganzini )
  • Mauritius fruit pigeon ( Alectroenas nitidissima )

• Downy pigeons ( Ptilinopus )
  • Bald pigeon ( Ptilinopus cinctus )
  • Gray-bellied fruit pigeon ( Ptilinopus alligator )
  • Red-naped Downy Pigeon ( Ptilinopus dohertyi )
  • Red-necked Downy Pigeon ( Ptilinopus porphyreus )
  • Bloodwing fruit dove ( Ptilinopus marchei )
  • Merrill fruit pigeon ( Ptilinopus merrilli )
  • Yellow-breasted pigeon ( Ptilinopus occipitalis )
  • Fishing pigeon ( Ptilinopus fischeri )
  • Jambu dove ( Ptilinopus jambu )
  • Dark-chin fruit pigeon ( Ptilinopus subgularis )
  • Black-throated fruit pigeon ( Ptilinopus leclancheri )
  • Scarlet Breast Pigeon ( Ptilinopus bernsteinii )
  • Long-tailed fruit pigeon ( Ptilinopus magnificus )
  • Pink-spotted fruit pigeon ( Ptilinopus perlatus )
  • Ornate pigeon ( Ptilinopus ornatus )
  • Silver spot pigeon ( Ptilinopus tannensis )
  • Yellow-fronted fruit dove ( Ptilinopus aurantiifrons )
  • Golden shoulder fruit pigeon ( Ptilinopus wallacii )
  • Royal fruit dove ( Ptilinopus superbus )
  • Yellow pecker pigeon ( Ptilinopus perousii )
  • Red-crowned fruit pigeon ( Ptilinopus porphyraceus )
  • Palau fruit pigeon ( Ptilinopus pelewensis )
  • Rarotonga fruit pigeon ( Ptilinopus rarotongensis )
  • Mariana fruit pigeon ( Ptilinopus roseicapilla )
  • King fruit dove ( Ptilinopus regina )
  • Solomon Islands fruit pigeon ( Ptilinopus richardsii )
  • Purple-capped fruit pigeon ( Ptilinopus purpuratus )
  • Makatea pigeon . ( Ptilinopus chalcurus )
  • Tuamotu pigeon ( Ptilinopus coralensis )
  • Red-bellied fruit pigeon ( Ptilinopus greyii )
  • Long-billed fruit pigeon ( Ptilinopus huttoni )
  • White-capped fruit pigeon ( Ptilinopus dupetithouarsii )
  • Redbeard pigeon ( Ptilinopus mercierii )
  • Henderson fruit pigeon ( Ptilinopus insularis )
  • Purple cap fruit pigeon ( Ptilinopus coronulatus )
  • Red-capped fruit dove ( Ptilinopus pulchellus )
  • Blue-capped fruit pigeon ( Ptilinopus monacha )
  • Coral downy pigeon ( Ptilinopus rivoli )
  • Yellow-bellied fruit pigeon ( Ptilinopus solomonensis )
  • Rotlatz fruit pigeon ( Ptilinopus viridis )
  • Whitehead pigeon ( Ptilinopus eugeniae )
  • Orange-bellied fruit pigeon ( Ptilinopus iozonus )
  • Button downy pigeon ( Ptilinopus insolitus )
  • Blue-headed fruit pigeon ( Ptilinopus hyogaster )
  • Caruncle fruit dove or warty fruit dove ( Ptilinopus granulifrons )
  • Black-necked fruit pigeon ( Ptilinopus melanospila )
  • Dwarf pigeon ( Ptilinopus nanus )
  • Negros fruit pigeon ( Ptilinopus arcanus )
  • Fijian red downy pigeon ( Ptilinopus victor )
  • Yellow Fijian Downy Pigeon ( Ptilinopus luteovirens )
  • Yellow-headed fruit pigeon ( Ptilinopus layardi )

• Large fruit pigeons ( Ducula )
  • Gray-headed fruit pigeon ( Ducula poliocephala )
  • Great Celebes fruit pigeon ( Ducula forsteni )
  • Great Mindoro Fruit Pigeon ( Ducula mindorensis )
  • Celebes bindtail fruit pigeon ( Ducula radiata )
  • Spotted fruit pigeon ( Ducula carola )
  • Bronze fruit pigeon ( Ducula aenea )
  • White-eyed fruit pigeon ( Ducula perspicillata )
  • Moluccan bronze pigeon ( Ducula concinna )
  • Tonga pigeon ( Ducula pacifica )
  • Caroline fruit pigeon ( Ducula oceanica )
  • Tahitian fruit pigeon ( Ducula aurorae )
  • Marquesas fruit pigeon ( Ducula galeata )
  • Red wart fruit pigeon ( Ducula rubricera )
  • Black-headed fruit pigeon ( Ducula myristicivora )
  • Gray fruit pigeon ( Ducula pistrinaria )
  • Dark fruit pigeon ( Ducula whartoni )
  • Pink-headed fruit pigeon ( Ducula rosacea )
  • Gray island pigeon ( Ducula pickeringii )
  • Halmahera dove ( Ducula basilica )
  • Red-tailed fruit pigeon ( Ducula rufigaster )
  • Finsch fruit pigeon ( Ducula finschii )
  • Red-bellied mountain pigeon ( Ducula chalconota )
  • Peales fruit pigeon ( Ducula latrans )
  • Brown-bellied fruit pigeon ( Ducula brenchleyi )
  • Baker fruit pigeon ( Ducula bakeri )
  • Giant fruit pigeon ( Ducula goliath )
  • Black -eye fruit pigeon ( Ducula pinon )
  • Black fruit pigeon ( Ducula melanochroa )
  • Black-collar fruit pigeon ( Ducula mullerii )
  • Banded fruit pigeon ( Ducula zoeae )
  • Mountain pigeon ( Ducula badia )
  • Black- backed fruit pigeon ( Ducula lacernulata )
  • Slate-backed fruit pigeon ( Ducula cineracea )
  • Two-colored fruit pigeon ( Ducula bicolor )
  • Magpie dove ( Ducula luctuosa )
  • Spot Fruchttaube ( Ducula spilorrhoa )
  • Yellow fruit pigeon ( Ducula subflavescens )
  • Ducula harrisoni

• Mountain pigeons ( gymnophaps )
  • Albertistaube ( Gymnophaps albertisii )
  • Long-tailed mountain pigeon ( Gymnophaps mada )
  • Pale mountain pigeon ( Gymnophaps solomonensis )

• Crested pigeon ( Lopholaimus antarcticus )

• Maori fruit pigeon ( Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae )

• Speckled fruit pigeon ( Cryptophaps poecilorrhoa )

• Split-winged pigeon ( Drepanoptila holosericea )

Individual evidence

1. ↑ C. Cadow: stomach and intestines of the fruit pigeons . Journal of Ornithology, 81, 1, pp. 236-252, January 31, 1933
2. ^ Derek Goodwin: Pigeons and Doves of the World . 3rd edition, Comstock Publishers, Ithaka 1983
3. ↑ Beth Shapiro et al .: Flight of the Dodo. Nature, 295, 2002
4. ↑ Treroninae in the Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved October 18, 2013.

literature

• Derek Goodwin: Pigeons and Doves of the World . 3rd edition, Comstock Publishers, Ithaka 1983 ISBN 0-8014-1434-2 .
• Gerhard Rösler: The wild pigeons of the earth - free life, keeping and breeding , Verlag M. & H. Schaper, Alfeld Hannover 1996, ISBN 3-7944-0184-0 .

Web links

Commons : pigeons  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

• Treroninae in the Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved October 18, 2013.