Götz Heidelberg

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Götz Heidelberg (1997)

Götz Heidelberg (born March 1, 1923 in Bensberg ; died April 22, 2017 ) was a German physicist , designer and entrepreneur .

Life

Heidelberg moved to Dresden with his parents in the 1930s . After graduating from high school in 1940, he was drafted to the Eastern Front . He was seriously wounded and began studying at the TH Dresden . From 1945 to 1949 Heidelberg studied physics at the Georg-August University in Göttingen . In Dresden, after the death of his father in 1949, he ran his parents' machine factory until it was expropriated in 1953. From 1955, Heidelberg was a university assistant to Professor Henrich Focke at the helicopter department at the TH Stuttgart . From 1958 to 1973 he headed the development, testing and production of all-plastic vehicles, electric transporters and plastic jeeps (amphibious vehicles), the magnetic levitation train , high-speed express train, cargo helicopter and magnetic field driving technology of the automatic gondola lift (system C- ) at Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm (MBB) in Ottobrunn. Train ). Heidelberg began to implement its idea of ​​a land vehicle without wheels.

In 1966 the first magnetic levitation train was built at MBB under Heidelberg's direction. In 1969, Federal Transport Minister Georg Leber commissioned a high-performance high-speed railway study , which was carried out in almost two and a half years in cooperation with the Deutsche Bundesbahn , MBB and Strabag Bau-AG with Heidelberg as the project manager. He sold to Thyssen AG part of his patent license rights for the application to express traffic, not those for local passenger traffic in metropolitan areas. The name Transrapid became common and well known for Thyssen's high-speed passenger transport variant based on Heidelberg's patent licenses .

Under his leadership, the low-pressure reaction drive for large helicopters, the first large magnetic levitation train , electrical drive systems for vehicles, plastic technologies in vehicle construction, energy storage systems, wind turbines and fuel cells emerged as new technical systems and technologies . Heidelberg's performance and patents relate to the replacement of conventional mechanical technology with electrical systems. Some projects serve to replace fossil energies by using renewable energies .

Projects at Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm

Low pressure reaction rotor

Heidelberg rotor low pressure reaction rotor

A test stand was set up in Ottobrunn in 1964 by Bölkow-Entwicklung KG . Heidelberg developed and tested its Heidelberg rotor there . The reaction rotor had a diameter of 31 meters, the rotor head 8 meters. The drive power of the helicopter and helicopter rotors reached up to 13,000 HP and 30 tons of thrust for large helicopters on the test bench. The blade angle was controlled by a spider that was operated by the rods in the compressed air duct. The rotor blades consisted of glued light metal sheets. The rotor was designed for the transport of particularly large loads and could be operated without great technical effort. According to the Heidelberg patents, the low-pressure reaction rotor was successfully tested for one year. With this large helicopter it was possible to transport mega-loads such as tanks across rivers. The implementation of this simple technology for heavy-lift helicopters, which beyond the military importance of armored transport could also have had considerable civilian benefits, did not take place because the necessary funding was not approved.

How a low pressure reaction drive works

A gas turbine , as it is used as a standard drive for commercial aircraft, emits all of its thrust gases, including the cold air from the aft fan, into a pipe, which carries the gases (250 ° C warm compressed air ) through the rotor hub into the three rotor blades made of bonded light metal sheets exist, leads. The rotor blades are hollow and direct the compressed gases to the outer end of the blade, where they exit from a nozzle to the rear, i.e. against the direction of blade movement. The jet propels the blades and thus the helicopter rotor. It is a drive without a mechanical gear in the simplest way. Since the rotor drives itself, a small tail rotor is sufficient for the counter-torque compensation. For example, the CJ-805-23 turbofan engine from General Electric , which works with a total air throughput of almost 190 kg / s, could be used as a gas generator . The exit speed of the gas flow at the rotor tips is 340 m / s, the peripheral speed is 190 m / s.

Magnetic levitation vehicle

Magnetic levitation vehicle

The first functional magnetic levitation vehicle on a scale of 1: 1 was developed by MBB in 1972 under the direction of Götz Heidelberg and tested on a 600 meter long test track in Ottobrunn. It floated without wheels thanks to the electromagnetic carrying function, electronically controlled electromagnets and a built-in linear motor interacted with an aluminum reaction rail mounted in the guideway and served as a drive. This component was defined by Herbert Weh at the Technical University of Braunschweig in 1972 . The 7-meter-long vehicle, weighing 6 tons, is now in the Freilassing Lokwelt .

Projects and developments in own companies

In 1975 Heidelberg started his company Magnetbahn GmbH in Starnberg . His developments in travel path traveling field technology ( long stator , linear motor ) and magnet support technology are based on permanent magnets .

Track-moving field technology

The vehicle's permanent magnets, which hold the vehicle by their attraction to the iron parts (stator) in the guideway, generate a magnetic flux in these stationary laminated stator cores . Conductors through which current flows and are located in transverse slots in the stator react in such a way that horizontal forces are generated on the permanent vehicle magnets that drive the vehicle. The permanent magnets of the vehicle have a double function; they serve as carrying magnets that carry the vehicle and its payload and as excitation magnets for the drive function of the linear motor. The three-strand winding inserted in the stator consists of cables laid in a meander shape in the stator slots and is fed with three-phase current by a stationary pulse converter . It generates a traveling electromagnetic field, the speed of which runs synchronously with the vehicle's permanent magnets. In the stator, the traveling field wave (or current coating wave) interacts with the induction wave generated by the permanent magnets and results in a drive or braking thrust. The linear motor thrust results (with a thrust angle of 0 °) from the product of the amplitude of the current load wave with the exciter basic wave and a drive constant that takes into account the magnetic area, pole pitch and number of poles. The synchronization between the current coating wave of the stators and the induction wave of the vehicle permanent magnets is done by evaluating the voltage induced in the stator winding by the induction wave for the frequency control of the stationary converter. A typical long stator winding with a 140 mm² cross section of the aluminum cable has a resistance of approx. 0.15 Ω and an impedance of 0.025 Ω m / s (related to the speed).

Braunschweig magnetic train

Test facility in Braunschweig

Heidelberg built a test facility in Braunschweig for the first maglev train . On a distance of 1.4 km, 3 vehicles drove between 2 train stations in the complete system of automatic operation. Professor Herbert Weh, Chair of Electrical Engineering, organized the test site at the university. Approximately 325,000 kilometers were driven in the test.

M-Bahn Berlin

M-Bahn in Berlin

In 1983, Heidelberg, with the participation of AEG , was awarded the contract to build the maglev test track in Berlin . On the occasion of the 750th anniversary of Berlin, the reference operation with the Berlin magnetic train was opened on May 1st, 1987. Four M-Bahn vehicles were gradually used on the Berlin demonstration facility in daily passenger traffic. Vehicles and train stations (Kemperplatz, Bernburger Straße, Gleisdreieck) were operated on the fully automated system without personnel. The vehicles drove from 1987 to 1991 in demonstration and traffic operation.

In 1980, Heidelberg founded Magnet-Motor GmbH for the development, testing and manufacture of new types of electric drives, electronic systems and energy storage for local buses, cars and military vehicles, with Rheinmetall AG participating in Magnet-Motor GmbH.

Stirling engine

Stirling engines

In order to counteract the shortage of fossil fuels such as crude oil , natural gas and coal , Heidelberg developed innovative Stirling engines with generators in the closed helium pressure chamber for renewable energies as early as the 1980s . In addition to water power , wind , photovoltaics and solar thermal energy , more and more bioenergies from renewable fuels such as wood, plants and gasified waste are being used. For electricity generation, the first applications for bio and waste recycling went into series production. They were manufactured by Magnet-Motor GmbH under the name Thermoelectric Converter 30 (TEK 30) . These constructions meant that the Stirling engine of this power class was reduced in size and thus cheaper and lighter.

Wind turbines

5 wind turbines, each with 200kW Kaiser-Wilhelm Koog

In 1985, Götz Heidelberg founded Heidelberg-Motor GmbH , which developed and manufactured innovative wind turbines with a vertical axis system and gearless generators. The generators had an integrated permanent magnet ring with a traveling field stator.

Fuel cell

In 1995 Heidelberg developed fuel cells that deliver electricity directly from hydrogen . You should first replace the diesel engine in local buses. The first fuel cells were installed in a VW Golf by the Magna Group in 1996 and a test run was started. In 1998 Heidelberg founded Proton Motor GmbH (PM) for the development and manufacture of fuel cells and their applications. One year later, the first prototype fuel cell applications were installed as a car drive. PEM fuel cells (Proton Exchange Membrane) are further developed and produced in Heidelberg's Proton Motor Fuel Cell GmbH in Puchheim. Together with Magnet Motor GmbH, complete fuel cell drive systems for vehicles are built in Europe. In 2001, Heidelberg presented the first Neoplan local bus powered by fuel cells and the third generation of the VW Lupo with gearless wheel drive. Proton Motor Fuel Cell GmbH has been listed on the London Stock Exchange since October 30, 2006 .

Honors

swell

  • Luftfahrttechnik-Raumfahrttechnik, Issue 11, No. 2, February 1965: Low-pressure reaction rotor for heavy cargo helicopters
  • Aerokurier, 8/1965, pp. 428-430: vertical and short take-off
  • Süddeutsche Zeitung, 7th year / 87. Issue of May 21, 1965: Man and Technology
  • Süddeutsche Zeitung, No. 163, July 9, 1965, Volker Wörl: Rotors and rockets in the forest of Ottobrunn
  • Evening newspaper on Sunday, year 9, September 15, 1968, pp. 43–44, Hamburg - Munich in 3 hours
  • Bild-Munich, December 21, 1981, Diether Wintz: Magnetic train around the Mittlerer Ring
  • Technology Infrastructure, 1986, Ralf Roman Rossberg : Public maglev traffic in Berlin starts in 1987
  • Hobby, Magazin der Technik, No. 11, November 1987, pp. 37-38
  • High Tech - Highflyer, No. 3, July / August 1987, p. 88: Der Magnet-Mann Götz Heidelberg
  • Bayernkurier, November 16, 2000, Josef Engelbrecht: Fuel cells - a fascinating idea

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Obituary notice Götz Heidelberg. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . Süddeutscher Verlag , May 29, 2017, accessed on May 20, 2017 .
  2. ↑ Heinz. D. Neuber, High-Performance Schnellbahn-Studiengesellschaft, Ottobrunn, 1971
  3. ↑ Interavia, No. 4/1965, pp. 498-500, cross section of the aerospace industry, large helicopter with reaction rotor
  4. ↑ WGLR Yearbook 1965 reprint, to the problems of the large helicopter
  5. ↑ Interavia No. 4/1965 Large helicopter with reaction rotor : A system analysis of the Heidelberg rotor
  6. ↑ Glückauf, Zeitschrift für Technik und Wirtschaft des Bergbau (special edition), Volume 121 (1985) No. 12, June 27, 1985, Verlag Glückauf GmbH, Essen, Dipl.-Ing. Harald Spinka, Integrated conveyor and transport system in linear motor technology and possible applications for magnetic motors
  7. ^ Bahn + Technik, special edition, pp. 109–113, Hestra-Verlag Darmstadt 1985, SD: 8528 / B + T, Götz Heidelberg, The M-Bahn - a magnetically supported means of local transport
  8. ^ Magnetbahn GmbH special edition from traffic and technology, V + T volume 3/1986, Erich Schmidt Verlag Berlin, Bielefeld, Munich, M-Bahn - demonstration system Berlin
  9. ↑ From the vision of an engineer to an international company . Retrieved January 20, 2017.
  10. ↑ SZ, Starnberg (nz), The fuel cell replaces the diesel engine
  11. ^ SZ Starnberg, August 9, 2000, hydrogen propulsion should go into series production
  12. ↑ Honorary doctorates of the faculties. In: Directory of people and courses. Spring trimester 2001. University of the Federal Armed Forces Munich, Neubiberg 2001, pp. 14–15.
personal data
SURNAME Heidelberg, Götz
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German physicist, designer and entrepreneur
DATE OF BIRTH March 1, 1923
PLACE OF BIRTH Bensberg
DATE OF DEATH April 22, 2017