Gützkower ferry
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Gützkower ferry
City of Gützkow
Coordinates: 53 ° 54 '59 " N , 13 ° 25' 32" E
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| Height : | 1 m above sea level NHN |
| Residents : | 7 (Dec. 31, 2013) |
| Incorporation : | 1928 |
| Postal code : | 17506 |
| Area code : | 038353 |
The Gützkower ferry , also Gützkow ferry , is a district of the town of Gützkow in the district of Vorpommern-Greifswald . The ferry connection over the Peene , which was important until the second half of the 19th century, was located southeast of the city, about 150 meters east of the mouth of the Swinowbach in the river. The Gützkower Fährdamm leads from a former section of the federal highway 111 between Gützkow and the Kosenowsee in an almost southerly direction to the Peene.
history
A trade route running south from Greifswald led through Gützkow since the Middle Ages . The Peene was crossed by means of a ferry, which was already owned by the sovereigns at the time of the Dukes of Pomerania and was usually leased. The ferry was first mentioned in documents in 1361.
As the village was Gützkower ferry was first mentioned by that name in 1681 in a document. What is curious is a documentary mention with the Low German name "Gütschow Fehr".
During the Pomeranian Campaign in October 1675 there were fights between Brandenburg-Prussian and Swedish troops at the ferry crossing , in the course of which the Brandenburgers advanced from Neetzow via Kagenow under the leadership of the Great Elector Friedrich Wilhelm, the ski jump built by the Swedes next to the ferry house , the Kanonenschanzen on Hollow road to Gützkow and then conquered the city after destroying the ferry ramp and setting fire to the ferry house. The numerically small Swedish crew of the ferry and the hillside entrenchments fled without much resistance. The Great Elector had to stay in Gützkow for weeks because he suffered from gout.
According to legend, in 1714 the ferry leaseholder Kriwitz rescued the Swedish King Charles XII, who had fallen during a long inspection ride through Swedish Pomerania while crossing into the Peene . before drowning. This reciprocated by lending Kriwitz the ferry as inheritance. It has been proven that his family owned the ferry for over 140 years. Reports that Charles XII. on the return from Bender , but do not apply. The king had not crossed the Peene during his ride, but the Trebel at Tribsees . In 1720 the Peene became the border river between Swedish Pomerania and Prussia . A customs post was set up at the Gützkower ferry and manned by a passport clerk.
During the Seven Years' War (1756–1763) the ferry was back in the combat zone, but apart from a few exchanges of fire between Brandenburgers and Swedes, there was no major fighting. Again, however, the ferry was provided with entrenchments - see Swedish plan.
In 1778, a carpentry site with a sawmill was set up on the Fährdammsiedlung. It is unclear whether the carpentry sewer was already being dug at the time, there was and is no record of it.
During the Napoleonic aggression, the ferry was again under military occupation by the French, but there was no fighting. In both 1807 and 1812/13 there was a crew of around 300 French or their allies in Gützkow and a ship bridge was installed on the ferry to transfer the troops. The Swedes had withdrawn in time because of the total inferiority. After the Congress of Vienna in 1814/15 Swedish Western Pomerania came to Prussia, so the border at the Peene and ferry, as well as the customs office in the hillside settlement to Gützkow, fell away. The Passschreiberhaus was in this settlement from 1720 to 1815 and was converted into a residential building in 1824. Opposite is the former Gützkower fisherman's house.
The Lutze family, descendants of the ferryman Kriwitz, sold the ferry to a farmer from Woserow in 1854 . In the following year the Gützkow magistrate tried to buy the ferry, but the purchase contract failed due to the contradiction of the city's eight men . Finally, Franz Heinrich Erich II. Von Lepel took over Wieck the purchase contract already concluded by Mayor Rühs. He leased the ferry, but it already lost its importance in 1863 when a wooden bascule bridge was built a few kilometers upstream at Jarmen . The bulwark at the ferry was still used as a port for Gützkow and the surrounding goods. In 1900 master carpenter Greuel built the half-timbered house and modernized the sawmill with the wood yard. In 1903 Emil Schulz bought the property.
Since 1908 there was a branch of the Greifswalder Bahnen between Gützkow-Wieck and Gützkower ferry . She had something special about the ferry. Since the area was swampy, there was little space for the train. Therefore a turntable was installed for the locomotives and the wagons so that the trains could drive up to the bulwark (see sketch). In 1926, however, the route from the ferry to the starch factory had to be dismantled due to unprofitability. Thus the ferry lost further importance.
In 1925 the tenant Ahlmann set up an inn at the Fährhaus with a veranda. In 1930 the building contractor Ramien bought the ferry from the insolvent Gut Wieck and leased it.
After the Second World War , the Gützkower ferry came into the possession of the city of Gützkow because Ramien was expropriated. The associated lands became land reform land . After 1945 the importance of the Gützkower ferry as a Peenequerung and transshipment point continued to decline. During the GDR era, traffic was largely reduced to passenger transport between the bathing establishment set up near Kagenow and the restaurant in the ferry house. In 1955 the restaurant business was stopped due to unprofitability. For the same reason, three years later, the crossing with the pram was discontinued , which at that time was already rotten. A new prahm was built, but it did not come to Gützkow because it was used to repair the Wiecker (near Greifswald) wooden bascule bridge and then remained there.
In 1955 parts of the Peenewiesen east and 1990 west of the ferry dam were placed under nature protection. In 1975, 35 beavers from the Elbe - Mulde area were released and settled in the Peenes area around the Gützkower ferry . In 1770 the last beaver in Northern Germany was shot here on the Peene. The population developed excellently, meanwhile the beavers have spread all over the Peene area, including the tributaries, and advanced as far as the Oder. Their population is estimated at 400 to 500 animals today.
The now dilapidated ferry house was demolished in 1988. Since the end of the 20th century, the place has only consisted of a few farmsteads on the northern edge of the Peene Valley , about 750 meters north of the Peene, which go back to a carpentry site that was settled here in the 19th century, later a sawmill.
Attractions
→ See: List of architectural monuments in Gützkow
- Former ferry dock with bulwark
- Beaver dwellings in the vicinity
- Carpentry Canal - Raft Canal from Peene to Carpentry Square
- Carpentry house (now called Villa Eden)
Transport links
The ferry from Gützkow has been connected to the city and the road links since ancient times by a land route called the "Fährsteig". It runs diagonally from today's cemetery across the field to the ravine at the later Fährdammsiedlung. As early as 1863, the importance of the ferry decreased rapidly, as a wooden bascule bridge crossed the Peene in Jarmen. Only regional traffic runs here. In 1875 the provincial government approved the construction of a road from the former B 111 at right angles to the ferry. This street is a cobblestone street with a 1 meter wide on the left and a 2 meter wide summer path on the right, the narrow one for pedestrians and the wide one for small horse-drawn carriages. At the same time, an avenue made of maple will be planted. The road is still in this condition today. The road embankment was raised by 1 meter from the customs house because the Peene dammed back in a north-easterly wind and rises up to 1 meter. Trenches are being built on both sides to drain water.
In 1897 the construction of the small railroad began, the line ran from Greifswald to Jarmen via Wieck. When the starch factory was built in 1907 at the urging of the landlords of the area, it received a provisional rail connection for the first time. In 1908 the route was properly expanded and at the same time extended from the factory to the ferry, because there is an important waterway - road transport connection there. In addition to the peculiarity of the swing bridge near Jarmen, the locomotive and wagon turntable on the ferry is also a peculiarity. With the meanwhile increasing motor vehicle traffic, the railway line to the ferry is becoming unprofitable. In the meantime, regular train traffic was no longer possible, only special and demand traffic. In 1926, the railway administration ordered the dismantling of the line from the ferry to the starch factory. Today only the earth's body remains from the route. The ferry service is still offered until 1955, but this is also discontinued. After the war, only building materials are landed at the bulwark with barges, then that is no longer profitable either. In the 1960s, the bulwark was destroyed by the GDR building the gas ring pipeline, which runs under the Peene here. With that, the landing stage has also disappeared. In 1996, during the laying of the sewer pipe from Gützkow to Toitin, which was carried out along the ferry dam using underground water drilling technology, a block pavement was discovered 1 meter below today's road from 1875. Unfortunately, the archeology was not informed, so it is not known from what time this dam originates.
literature
- Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Duchy of Pomerania and the Principality of Rügen . Part 4, Vol. 2, Dietze, Anklam 1868, pp. 223f. ( Digitized version ).
- Werner Hormann, Wolf-Dieter Machel: Small railways in the old district of Greifswald. Kenning, 1998; ISBN 3-927587-85-0 .
- Werner Hormann, Wolf-Dieter Machel: Greifswalder Kleinbahnen. Verlag Neddermeyer, 2014; ISBN 978-3-941712-37-9 .
- Gustav von Kessel: Dieterich Sigismund's diary von Buch (travel marshal Friedrich Wilhelm von Brandenburg) from the years 1674–1683 (Urtext). Jena and Leipzig 1865, Vol. 1, pp. 149f. ( Full text ).
- Walter Ewert : Gützkow, the count town on the Peene. Gützkow 1935.
- Werner Wöller: "The villages of the community association", 1983, self-published
- Wolf-Dietrich Paulsen, Karl-Eberhard Wisselinck: Gützkow - 875 years . MV-Verlag, Greifswald 2002
- Wolf-Dietrich Paulsen: "Chronicle of the City of Gützkow" - printed form from 1997, 350 p. In the museum - update from 1996 - 600 p. - digitized in the museum PC
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Manfred Niemeyer: Ostvorpommern . Collection of sources and literature on place names. Vol. 2: Mainland. (= Greifswald contributions to toponymy. Vol. 2), Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University of Greifswald, Institute for Slavic Studies, Greifswald 2001, ISBN 3-86006-149-6 . P. 49
- ↑ Ernst Müsebeck: The campaigns of the Great Elector in Pomerania. 1675-1677 . In: Society for Pomeranian History and Archeology (Hrsg): Baltic studies . New series vol. 1, Léon Saunier, Stettin 1897, p. 23 f ( digitized version ).
- ↑ a b Werner Wöller: The Gützkower ferry. In: Gützkow local history commission at the Gützkow city council (ed.): Local history of Gützkow and the surrounding area. Issue 1, Gützkow 1989. pp. 30-37.
- ↑ Under the three crowns. Gützkow in the period from 1618 to 1815 ( Memento from July 23, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Office Jarmen-Tutow (ed.): Jarmen. Information for citizens and guests. WEKA Info Verlag, 2004, p. 5
- ↑ W.-D. Paulsen: Former starch factory. Archived from the original on February 6, 2013 ; Retrieved October 15, 2009 .
Gützkow | Breechen | Dargezin | Dargezin-Vorwerk | Fritzow | Gützkow dairy | Gützkower ferry | Kölzin | Lüssow | Neuendorf | Owstin | Pentin | Schulzenhof / Torney | Upatel | Wieck