Arnold Gallery
The art dealership and gallery Ernst Arnold in Dresden was founded in 1818 and, together with the Dresden art salon Emil Richter, performed pioneering services for modern art. After the turn of the century, both presented the latest trends in the international art scene.
In the Arnold Gallery, the spectrum of works on display ranged from Dutch art of the 17th century, through East Asian art, French and German art of the 19th century to works by the Impressionists and Expressionists . As early as the turn of the century, works by French Impressionists were exhibited several times, in 1905 50 paintings by Vincent van Gogh were on view and in 1910 the expressionist artist group Brücke exhibited . Numerous exhibitions enriched Dresden's cultural life. a. Works by Alexander Archipenko , Georges Braque , Paul Klee , Fernand Léger ,Pablo Picasso , Willi Baumeister , Oskar Schlemmer , Kurt Schwitters , Edvard Munch , Ernst Barlach , Ernst Ludwig Kirchner , Emil Nolde , Christian Rohlfs , Wassily Kandinsky , Oskar Kokoschka and Karl Schmidt-Rottluff .
history
Ernst Arnold art dealer
The art dealer and later gallery Ernst Arnold was founded by the Dresden businessman Ernst Sigismund Arnold (1792-1840). He first began an apprenticeship as a grocer, but soon switched to the Dresden art dealer Heinrich Rittner . In 1818 Arnold took over the Rittner art dealership and continued it under his own name. The art business flourished under Arnold and was known for reproductions after paintings from the Old Masters Gallery .
After Ernst Sigismund Arnold's death in 1840, his brothers Friedrich Albert and Herrmann Arnold continued to run the company. In 1863 Adolf Ludwig Gutbier (1841–1902) joined the Ernst Arnold art dealer. In 1867 he and the businessman Bernhard Carl Christian Gräf bought Friedrich Albert Arnold's company for 50,000 thalers. The business partners separated again in 1872: the merchant Bernhard Carl Christian Gräf from then on ran the "Ernst Arnold Kunstverlag", while Adolf Ludwig Gutbier became the owner of the "Kunsthandlung Ernst Arnold". In 1872 Adolf Gutbier acquired the house at Sporergasse No. 1 (corner of Schloßstraße ), where the art shop had been for over 50 years, for 56,000 thalers. The focus of the flourishing art dealership during this period was still on reproductions of paintings by old masters.
Royal Saxon court art dealer
In 1879 the company was named the Royal Saxon Court Art Dealer.
Ernst Arnold Art Salon
In 1891 Adolf Gutbier's son, Ludwig Wilhelm Gutbier (1873–1951), joined the art dealer. From 1893 exhibitions of modern artists were shown. Ludwig Gutbier was enthusiastic about the exhibition of the 1st exhibition of the Munich Secession in Munich in 1893 and wanted to show the Munich painters also in Dresden. With financial support from his father, the first floor of the Löwenapotheke in Wilsdruffer Strasse on the Altmarkt was rented to create an exhibition space for modern, contemporary art. From 1893 to 1896, permanent paintings by members of the Munich Secession were shown there. A day ticket cost 1 mark, an annual ticket 4 marks. In 1894, over 1,500 annual tickets and 5,000 single entries were sold. The exhibition space became known under the name "Kunstsalon Ernst Arnold".
In addition to the constantly changing exhibition of the Munich Secession, thematic exhibitions were shown. So in 1894 the exhibition "Paintings and Drawings by Adolf Menzel", a "Black and White Exhibition of the Munich Radirverein", a "Painting Exhibition of Modern Norwegians" (still without painting by Munch) and an exhibition "Glasgow Boys" with younger representatives from the UK . In 1895 an exhibition of Japanese woodcuts from the 17th – 19th centuries followed. Century and an exhibition "40 paintings by Max Liebermann and Hans Thoma ". In 1896 an exhibition of works by Jean-François Raffaëlli and an "International Portrait Exhibition " took place. The portrait exhibition showed the entire spectrum of portrait painting of the time and met with a great response. 82 paintings and 136 etchings, stone prints and woodcuts by German, French, English, Dutch, Swiss, Belgian and Norwegian artists were shown. This exhibition was supplemented by over 100 handicrafts, mainly by French artists. Also in 1896 followed a separate arts and crafts exhibition with works by Hermann Obrist , an exhibition "Hand Drawings of German Artists", an exhibition with 24 works by Giovanni Segantini alongside drawings by William Strang. Segantini's paintings were only shown in Germany in 1891 at the “International Art Exhibition” in Berlin and then in 1896 at the exhibition of the Munich Secession.
From 1897 onwards, there were monthly exhibitions in the art dealership on Schloßstraße and in the art salon on Wilsdruffer Straße. In 1998 the Munich artists' association Ring exhibited .
A comprehensive exhibition of impressionists followed in March 1899. Until then, works by Impressionist painters had never been exhibited to this extent in Germany. Works u. a. by Auguste Renoir , Édouard Manet , Paul Baum , Emile Claus , Edgar Degas , Max Liebermann , Claude Monet , Berthe Morisot , Camille Pissarro , Théo van Rysselberghe , Georges Seurat and Alfred Sisley . The exhibition caused a stir, but sales were poor. The Saxon court was opposed to this type of painting and the New Masters Gallery shows no interest in buying paintings.
After the death of his father Adolf Gutbier in 1902, Ludwig Wilhelm Gutbier took over the Arnold art dealer. Further exhibitions with works by the Barbizon School , the Impressionists and the Neo-Impressionists followed in 1902, 1903, 1913 and 1914.
From October 26 to November 11, 1905, a traveling exhibition compiled by Paul Cassirer with 50 works by Vincent van Gogh and 50 drawings by Constantin Guys was shown in the Ernst Arnold Art Salon . These pictures only cost a few thousand marks. Only van Gogh's painting “Pears” (Stilleven peren op blauw kleed) was sold to District Administrator Meyer-Dietl for 2,400 marks and in 1920 came to the Neue Meister gallery in Dresden through the exchange of two pastels by Rosalba Carriera . In July 1905 the artist group of the Brücke had come together. Van Gogh is considered an important role model for the bridge.
Branch in Wroclaw
In 1909 Ludwig Gutbier opened a branch in Breslau , which Ferdinand Möller took over from 1913 to 1917 . In 1917 Möller opened his own gallery in Breslau, which he ran until 1920. In 1923, the height of inflation in Germany , the branch of the Arnold Gallery in Wroclaw was closed.
Ernst Arnold Gallery
In 1906 Ludwig Gutbier was able to rent the house at Schloßstraße 34 and the building behind Schössergasse 27. The buildings were converted into modern exhibition buildings by Wilhelm Kreis , Henry van de Velde and Max Hans Kühne . The company name was changed to Galerie Ernst Arnold. The shop founded in 1818 on the corner of Schloßstraße and Sporergasse was continued as a reproduction department.
In 1907 the opening exhibition with artists from the Vienna Secession took place. There were also pictures of the Vienna Artistic Cooperative and works by Gustav Klimt . The years from 1907 to 1919 were economically successful years for the Arnold Gallery, as it was now possible to hold large exhibitions.
From September 7th to October 7th, 1910, the “Special Exhibition Paul Gauguin 1848 - 1903” was on view in the Ernst Arnold Gallery, which included 25 works by Paul Gauguin . At the same time, also in September, the "Exhibition of the K. G. Bridge" with 87 works was shown. Ernst Ludwig Kirchner made the woodcut for the poster for the two exhibitions . The first illustrated catalog, Künstlergruppe Brücke , was created for the exhibition , with a woodcut by Erich Heckel based on Kirchner's exhibition poster. Text and image were printed in woodcut. 14 woodcuts based on paintings of exhibited works were also printed, each woodcut being made by a different member of the bridge than the original picture shown.
In 1912 Ludwig Gutbier organized the exhibition "Vincent van Gogh", first in the branch in Breslau and then in Dresden. Most of the works came from private collections and were not for sale. The total value of the works on display amounted to the enormous amount of 300,000 marks for the time and was specially noted in the introduction to the catalog. Until the beginning of the First World War , Ludwig Gutbier showed four exhibitions on Vincent van Gogh . In the summer of 1912, the exhibition “Places of Work” was shown as a contemporary art theme with 126 oil paintings, 261 graphics with watercolors and 12 sculptures. Georg Erler created the poster for the exhibition .
From February 1 to February 21, 1914, a large special exhibition by the “ Dresden Artists Group 1913 ” was on view. 30 Dresden artists showed 261 paintings, graphics, drawings and sculptures. In January the exhibition “The New Painting” was shown. 46 artists with 159 works were involved, including Max Ernst , Lyonel Feininger , Paul Klee , the painters of the Blue Rider and the painters of the former bridge. At the same time, the Emil Richter Art Salon in Dresden was showing the Pablo Picasso exhibition . In April, the Arnold Gallery presented the comprehensive "Exhibition of 19th Century French Painting" with 111 oil paintings and 23 watercolors and drawings.
In 1915, various exhibitions were shown by painters who were on duty in the First World War: Georg Lührig showed their work in early summer and Richard Müller in autumn . Further exhibitions were in the years 1915/1916 under the title "Dresden artists who serve in the army".
To mark the 100th anniversary of the art dealer, Ludwig Gutbier presented the exhibition "German Painting in the 19th Century" in 1918 with 281 works by 120 artists. The value of the pictures shown was five million marks, very few were for sale. Some of the paintings were loaned for the exhibition from the major museums in Germany. Images of the works on display have appeared in eleven different art magazines.
In 1919 the 2nd expressionist exhibition "Der Sturm" was shown with paintings, sculptures and graphics by expressionists , futurists and cubists . From 1920 to 1922 the Dresden Secession Group exhibited regularly in 1919 in the Arnold Gallery.
Willi Baumeister , Oskar Schlemmer and Kurt Schwitters showed their works together in July / August 1920, Paul Ferdinand Schmidt , director of the Dresden City Museum , spoke at the opening . Willi Baumeister had a solo exhibition in 1924 (exact time unclear).
In 1921 the exhibition "Paintings and Drawings by Dutch Masters of the 17th Century" was shown with 45 paintings and 44 drawings. In 1923 the jubilee exhibition "Art of the Present" was organized for the thirtieth business anniversary of Ludwig Gutbier, in which 48 painters and 8 sculptors showed their works.
In 1925 Gutbier showed 48 paintings, 60 watercolors and drawings, as well as 68 lithographs by Oskar Kokoschka , one year after his departure from the Dresden Academy of Fine Arts . Georg Kolbe's first solo exhibition followed in March . Works by Ferdinand Hodler and sculptures by Fritz Huf were shown in May . In June a large exhibition by Marc Chagall was shown.
The difficult economic situation after the First World War meant that Galerie Arnold had to rent the first floor to the Herrmann Ball antique company in 1925. The gallery showed an increasing number of exhibitions by established artists. 1926 were u. a. Exhibitions with works by Max Oppenheimer , Otto Lange , Edgar Degas , Wassily Kandinsky and Paul Klee are shown.
At the end of September 1927, Gutbier had to close the Arnold Gallery at Schloßstraße 34 due to financial losses and limit himself to the shop at Sporergasse 1, at the corner of Schloßstraße.
New Arnold Gallery
On October 2nd, Ludwig Gutbier opened the "Neue Galerie Arnold" in the renovated rooms of the original building from 1818. The first special exhibition was dedicated to Dresden and the Saxon homeland. 127 works were shown. Although the image of the homeland was increasingly emphasized in communications to the press in the following years, Gutbier was still able to show some works of Expressionism until 1933. In 1933 Gutbier held his last major exhibition in Dresden: the "Portrait Exhibition of Dresden Artists" in the Residenzschloss . Almost 100 painters and over 25 sculptors from Dresden were represented.
In 1934 the parent company was forcibly auctioned off for 81,000 RM due to economic and political pressure.
Arnold Gallery in Munich
1937 Ludwig Gutbier opened in Munich gallery Arnold at the Ludwig Street 17b in Munich, which was destroyed in an air raid on 25 April 1944th The former buildings of the Arnold Gallery on Schloßstraße in Dresden were destroyed in the night of February 13-14, 1945 .
literature
- Karin Müller-Kelwing: The Dresden Secession 1932 . Georg Olms Verlag, Hildesheim 2010, ISBN 978-3-487-14397-2 , pp. 46-47, 55 .
- Anne Seidel: Open to the modern age? Galleries in Dresden at the time of the artist group “Die Brücke” . In: Dresdener Kunstblätter . 45th year, no. 5 . State Art Collections, 2001, ISSN 0418-0615 , p. 163-166 .
- Ruth Negendanck : The gallery Ernst Arnold (1893–1951). Art trade and contemporary history . Publishing house and database for the humanities, Weimar 1998, ISBN 3-932124-37-5 .
Web links
- Art along the Dresden-Paris axis , Frankfurter Allgemeine, August 8, 1998, accessed on January 16, 2015
Individual evidence
- ^ Wolfgang Kermer : Willi Baumeister - typography and advertising design . Edition Cantz, Stuttgart 1989, ISBN 3-89322-145-X , p. 304 and p. 305.